What to pour into automatic transmission? ATF Oil for automatic transmission characteristics and Application and compatibility ATF oils Full replacement ATF oil in automatic transmission

Working at extreme temperatures, preventing the destructive impact of huge speeds and pressure, transmission oils play in these nodes as an important role that is truly difficult to overestimate. Key issues when choosing a transmission oil, be it a viscosity of 80W90, 75W90 or ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) and sometimes with the monobability of W90, there will be primarily the physico-chemical properties of oil - meaning their ability to lightly launch at low temperatures and Stable unchanged indicators with a long service interval as well as reviews of leading engineers.

How to determine the required viscosity

Here then on the revenue and came the company of American engineers (their official name can be found on all the canices - SAE) and they marked the temperature scale when using a certain recommended viscosity of transmission oil or liquid ATF. Worn parts was minimal. Expressing easier, it is from a lubricative material that depends on whether the lubricant material depends on how successfully transmission oil will stay on detail.

All-season winter and summer

The days go when it was necessary to constantly take care of the replacement of transmissine oil depending on the time of year. Monobility in oils, for example W90, can be safely attributed to the endangered from the market. The most common today is the 18W90 (more often mineral) and 75W90 (semi-synthetic and synthetic) and 75W90 (semi-synthetic and synthetic), a variety of ATF and Dextron liquids (also semi-synthetic and synthetics) come to replace them. Is it worth saying that the freezing temperature of synthetics will be significantly lower than mineral oil?

Factors are taken into account:

• Proper ratio of anti-sex additives
• Stability of oil film in critical conditions

75W90.

Almost all gearboxes of budget new cars, in our time, are filled with this oil viscosity. Even in the strongest cold, the synthetic component of 75W90 will give excellent launchers.

80W90.

Almost always these oil on mineral base or "mineral water". In our age of speed, there is a reason also to take them to the outgoing trends of past years.

Tolerances GL 4 or GL 5, or GL 6 (TM-4 and TM-5)

What is the transmission oil to pour into the bridge or classification box GL You will tell only the official tolerances of automakers. It is enough for you to navigate the following basic knowledge:

GL 4 and GL 5 - Like tolerances in engine oils, differ with the prescription prescription. Often, the larger admission of oil overlaps the previous one and in view of this is allowed for use.

And if you do not look at rare features, then the decision to understand the following:

GL 4. - for front-wheel drive boxes

GL 5. - Here, if you need higher requirements for transmission oil, pour it into the bridge (big load)

GL 4 / GL 5 - considered universal

ATF.

Not quite oil, but liquid. Tasks for ATF are significantly wider than the familiar lubricants. Here the issue of heat is resolved, corrosion protection in aggressive conditions and more high degree Wear protection. The main requirement is that ATF has the highest possible indicators to oxidation and temperature.

In essence, ATF is rarely found mineral. A cup of semi-synthetic or synthetic. As part of antioxidants, anti-plating, antipine additives and viscosity converter. ATF often works in the conditions of friction of multiple metal differing in their properties.

Output:

1. First of all, it is important to find out what transmission oils are prescribed by a car for fill
2. Choosing among the abundance of proposals of transmission oils can be reinforced on independent reviews of specialists

Oils for automatic boxes transmissions (ATF) along with brake fluids And liquids for hydraulic steering wheels are the most specific products of auto chemicals. If the engine oil is drained from the engine, it will start and will even work for a while, and if you remove from the automatic transmission (automatic transmission) liquid, it will instantly become anything that is not suitable for complex mechanisms. ATF has higher viscosity requirements, antifriction, antioxidative, anti-wear and anti-oxide properties than to petroleum products for other aggregates.

Since automatic transmissions include several completely different nodes - a torque converter, a gear gearbox, a complex control system - the range of oil functions is very large: it lubricates, cools, protects against corrosion and wear, transmits torque and provides friction clutch. The average oil temperature in the automatic transmission crankcase is 80-90 0 s, and in hot weather with a city cycle of motion can rise to 150 0 C.

The design of the automatic box is such that if the motor is removed, the power is large than necessary to overcome the road resistance, its excess is spent on the inner friction of the oil, which is even more heated. The high speed of oil movement in the hydrotransformer and the temperature cause intense aeration, leading to foaming, which creates favorable conditions for oxidation of oil and corrosion of metals. The variety of materials in friction pairs (steel, bronze, metal-ceramics, friction pads, elastomers) makes it difficult to selection of antifriction additives, and also creates electrochemical pairs, in which the corrosive wear is activated in the presence of oxygen and water.

In such conditions, the oil must maintain not only operational propertiesbut also as a transmitting torque environment to ensure high efficiency transmissions.

Main specifications

Historically, there was a "legislator mod" in the field of oil standards for automatic transmissions Are Corporations "General Motors" (GM) and "Ford" (Table 1). European manufacturers, both automotive equipment and transmission oils, do not have their own specifications and are guided by lists of oils approved by them. Japanese car concerns are also received in the same way. In the "automata" used ordinary motor oilswhich had to change frequently. In this case, the quality of switching gear was extremely low.

In 1949, General Motors developed special fluid For automatic transmissions - ATF-A, which was used in all ACPs manufactured in the world. In 1957, the specification was revised and received the name Type A Suffix A (ATF TASA). One of the components in the production of these liquids was the product of animal origin, obtained as a result of the processing of whales. Due to the increased volumes of oil consumption and ban hunting for whales, ATF was developed completely on mineral, and later on the synthetic bases.

At the end of 1967, General Motors introduced a new DEXRON V specification, later Dexron II, Dexron III and Dexron IV. Dexron III and Dexron IV are created taking into account the requirements for oils for an electronic controlled adhesion of the autotransformer. General Motors also developed and implemented the Allison C-4 specification (Allison - separation of General Motors for the production of transmissions), which defines the requirements for oils operating in heavy conditions operating in trucks and off-road techniques. Ford has not had its own ATF-specification, and Ford engineers used the ATF-A standard. Only in 1959 the company developed and implemented the branded standard M2C33-A / B. The ESW-M2C33-F (ATF-F) standard liquid (ATF-F) was obtained.

In 1961, Ford issued the M2C33-D specification, which takes into account new frictional properties requirements, and in the 80s - the MerCon specification. The oils corresponding to the Mercon specifications are as close as possible to the oils of Dexron II, III and are compatible with them. The main differences between the specification of the GENERAL MOTORS and FORD companies are different requirements for frictional characteristics of oils (General Motors in the first place smooth shifting gear, in Ford - the speed of their switching). Typical characteristics of oils for ACP are shown in Table. 2.

Table. one. Development of oil specifications

Oils of obsolete specifications are still used in many European cars, and very often as oils for mechanical boxes Transmissions.

In automatic transmission, most manufacturers modern cars Recommended oils that meet the requirements of DEXRON II, III and MERCON (Ford Mercon) specifications, which are usually interchangeable and compatible. Oils that meet the requirements of the latest specifications, such as Dexron III, can be used to draw or replace in the mechanisms where oils were previously used in accordance with the DEXRON II specifications, and in some cases and ATF - A. The reverse replacement of oils is not allowed.

Table. 2. Typical Characteristics Oils for ABP

On the russian market The assortment of oils for the ACP is quite large and, with rare exception, is represented by imported oils (Table 3).

Table. 3. Oils for automatic transmission

All oils, as a rule, passed tests for compliance with the specified specifications and have special tolerances from machinery manufacturers.

Although the operational level of ATF is determined by the specifications of automotive equipment manufacturers, a significant part of the oil produced is used in the applications other than the AIC, for example:
- IN power boxes transfers of off-road construction, agricultural and mining techniques;
- in hydraulic systems of cars, industrial equipment, mobile equipment and ships;
- in the steering;
- in rotary screw compressors

The composition of the oils for the ACP usually includes antioxidants, foaming inhibitors, anti-wear additives, friction and swelling modifiers. In order to identify and the speedy detection of leaks of oil for the AKP, it is possible to red color.

Oils for PPC are a separate group of oils. Oil for automatic transmission has a higher viscosity, they use completely different additive packages, rather than in engine oil. Such oil is subject to higher requirements for its anti-wear, antifriction and antioxidant properties, since the service life of oil in the automatic transmission is from 30 - 40,000 km to the entire life of the car. Diverse tasks performed by oil in automatic transmission, make very high demands and restrictions on its properties. The oil cools, lubricates, provides friction clutch and transmits torque. The operating temperature range of oils in the automatic transmission is from 90 ° C to 150 ° C. Completely different materials used in steaming pairs of automatic transmission (steel - bronze, steel-metal ceramics, steel - steel, steel - composite materials) determine the use of different polyphricular additives in oils, not always compatible with each other. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent aeration, and as a result, foaming of oil into automatic transmission arising when the fluxes of hot oil under pressure. The result of aeration and foaming of oil becomes oxidation of oil and corrosion of materials from which the automatic transmission is made. The automatic transmission is a highly loaded unit, when the energy transformed into the translational movement is carried out, is spent on the inner friction of the oil, which leads to its significant heating. As a result, the requirements for viscosity of the oil in the automatic transmission are opposite to: to reduce the inner friction of oil during the operation of the torque converter, the oil must have a low relative viscosity, and to ensure gear lubrication, on the contrary, the oil must have a sufficiently high viscosity.

Types of oil for automatic transmission.

The automatic transmission oil uses three main types: DEXRON, MERCON and MV. This is due to the historically established specification for oil for automatic transmission. The first oil specification was formulated in 1949 GM Corporation. At the turn of 1990. The requirements of different specifications have become almost the same so that all oils for the CAT became interchangeable. DEXRON IV class oils are designed for use in automatic transformer electronically controlled clutch.

Oil Specifications ACPP GM (General Motors)

GM The first faced with the need to develop and formulate separate specifications for classifying liquids for automatic transmissions (Automatic Transmission Fluids - ATF, one more name for automatic transmission).

ATF Type A denotes such a type of transmission oil that is suitable for automatic transmissions passenger cars. Oils, tested, received AQ qualification numbers. AQ qualification numbers were assigned by agreement with GM Research Center "Amour Research" in Amour Qualification N. Specifications have lost their relevance.

DEXRON (B) - current and currently specifications for liquids for automatic transmission (oils for automatic transmission) GM. Many manufacturers or buyers of such automatic transparents also use these specifications. The tolerance is made under the so-called type "B".

Dexron II, III, IV are the latest oil specifications (automatic liquids) GM. They are tightened by the requirements for liquids for automatic transmissions. Include and exceed all previous specifications, meet increased requirements for ensuring environmental safety. Allice fluids: Specifications "Type C1" and "Type C2" are replaced technical Conditions DEXRON II; "Type SZ" - MIL-L-2104D.

Ford specification

Fluids for the "type F" automatic transmission, according to the latest Ford M2C33F and M2C33G specifications, according to some parameters (for example, by the friction coefficient) differ significantly from dexron oils. The main difference is in the friction coefficient, which in the case of Ford increases with a decrease in slip speed, while General Motors, on the contrary, requires a decrease in the friction coefficient in the same case.

Liquids for automatic transmissions type ATF. According to the Specifications of the Ford M2C138-CJ and M2C166N, it is possible to partially replace DEXRON II liquids, however, the most preferably complete oil change in the automatic transmission.

Liquids for ATF DEXRON II series, Plus Dexron III and ATF-A series, are designed for transmissions operating under high mechanical and thermal loads, can be used in transmissions of cars of any automakers, hydraulic steering amplifiers and clutch units. ATF Group automatic transmission fluids are produced under two stamps: ATF II D Plus and Dexron III. ATF II D PLUS is designed to work in highly loaded transmissions, refers to the category Extrimal Pressure (extreme pressure). A balanced high-tech additive package provides high anti-corrosion properties. In its parameters, this automatic transmission oil meets the requirements of most leading automotive companies in the world. Dexron III is used in passenger car automatic transmission, easy commercial vehicles and minivans.

Other specifications.

In addition to the General Motors and Ford Specification for automatic transmission, the factory specifications of Chrysler, Man, Toyota, Allison, Renk, Voith, ZF are used. For vehicles sold on the territory of Europe and having an automatic transmission of ZF, oils for automatic transmission are selected by GM specifications. IN ACP Audi., BMW and Mercedes recent years release fills only synthetic oil For automatic transmission!

Replacing oil in automatic transmission.

Replacing oil in automatic transmission should be carried out in strict accordance with the instruction manual of your car! The violation of oil change intervals, as a rule, leads to a sharp deterioration in the functionality of the automatic transmission and reduce its service life. With severe car operating conditions (full loading movement, movement with a trailer, frequent braking engine, the use of cars on the roads with ground, sandy and snow coating, high or low ambient temperature, sinking wheels, using a car in Start Stop mode (city traffic jams ), sharp acceleration from the spot - all automakers are recommended to reduce oil replacement intervals in the checkpoint twice. In practice, it leads to a reduction in the interservice interval for automatic transmission oil in Moscow to 30, a maximum of 40.000 km! Change the oil more often - your automatic transmission will last longer!

Mixing oil automatic transmission of different types when replacing them.

Mixing is possible, well, it is better to avoid it. To quickly identify the oil filled into the automatic transmission, the dye is added to the oil, the addition of which does not lead to a change in oil properties. However, under conditions when you clearly cannot identify the oil-filled earlier, it is strongly recommended to fully replace the automatic transmission oil. The cost of even the finest repair of automatic transmission is ten times more than the cost of the total oil change in the automatic transmission.

Neoriginal oil for the automatic transmission of your car.

When replacing oil in automatic transmission, some automakers, such as Honda and Mitsubishi, require the use of specialized oils under their brands. It is necessary to understand that neither Honda nor Mitsubishi produce oil independently, but order its production from leading petrochemical corporations (Exxonmobil, BP, Chevron, Petrocanada and so on). In addition, recently in the press there was information that automakers began to place orders for motor and transmission oils, fill in the engine units on the conveyor, on private plants in Europe (Ravenol, Addinol, and so on) in their specifications. At the same time, transmission and motor oils manufactured by Ravenol under their brand for use in cars, let's say, Hundai and Kia, for the most part of their indicators exceed oil production of the same Ravenol, but distributed in packaging and under the Hundai brand - the automaker saves money and is not interested So that the car worked without breakdowns and after the expiration of the warranty period. Therefore, according to experts, the use of oils produced by private European plants directly for use in the automatic transmission of a car of a car manufacturer is best option For those car owners, the warranty period for cars of which has already ended.

Liquid ATF. - This is a special transmission oil, which has a liquid consistency and has a mineral or synthetic basis. It is intended for cars working on "automation". ATF transmission fluid is responsible for performing multiple functions, for example:

• uninterrupted functioning of the gearbox - its control and control;
• cooling and proper lubrication of parts that can be friction;
• transmission of torque that via the torque converter moves from the motor to the box;
• ensuring the work of friction discs.

Many make oil to the mixture for automatic transmission, however aTF properties differ in many parameters. For the proper composition exploit mineral oilswhich add special substances. If you use foreign fluids for "automation", then it will certainly provoke a breakdown of the gearbox, or its full failure.

The manufacturer of the first oil specification has become automotive concern GENERAL MOTORS. The new mixture entered the mass market in 1949. This was due to the fact that in 1938, the same company has developed the first automatic transmission. Subsequently, the autocontracene came to the improvement of the specification of transmission mixtures and installed the strictest requirements for the composition. Since there were no competitors in this market, then GM became the legislator of technical specifications for ATF.

The first varieties of fluid were made on fat, which was produced from a sala of marine whales. Due to the exit of the law prohibiting the hunt for these residents of the ocean, the corporation had to develop a synthetic basis.

At the moment, competing specification from General Motors constitutes other famous car brands - Chrysler, Hyundai, Mitsubishi Ford and Toyota.

Contact special attention on packaging of the purchased ATF liquid. Take into account the type of oil, as well as a specification that fits your gearbox.

Types of ATF transmission oils

After we got acquainted with the fact that such an ATF oil is studying all sorts of liquid specifications. The very first of them, as noted above, saw the light in 1949 due to the efforts of General Motors. The generally accepted name of the mixture is ATF-A, which was used on all vehicles equipped with "automatic". In 1957, the specification was revised and thus originated by Type A Suffix A.

So, there are main types of ATF:

• Mercon. - introduced ford. In the 80s of the last century. They are as close as possible to other specifications and can be compatible with them. The main differences between the varieties of GM and FORD companies are that the first draws more attention to the smoothness of switching, and the second is the speed;
• Dexron. - GM produced, starting in 1968. Since the manufacture of whales used, production had to be suspended. The reason for this also served the weak specifications, because the oil demonstrated bad tolerability high temperatures. In 1972, Dexron IIS appears, where the basis was the jojoba oil, which subsequently provoked corrosion of some details. Next butterwhich was equipped with additives overwhelming rust developing an IID console. The liquid with the IIE index was produced up to 1993. Her distinctive trait - The presence of additives that reduced hygroscopic redundancy. Innovative was the output of the type of DEXRON III (1993). The novelty retained its liquid properties even at very low temperatures, friction characteristics also improved. In 2005, a new generation appeared with the prefix "VI". ATF transmission oil was developed for applying on a new one, which was 6-range. The mixture has a longer service life, as well as a reduced degree of kinematic viscosity. The last parameter allows you to increase fuel efficiency;
• Alison C-4 - Designed by General Motors specifically for fill in large-sized vehicles - off-road equipment and trucks.

When to change the transmission mixture?

ATF fluid must be changed periodically, because it will increase the service life not only the transmission, but also the car as a whole. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out systematic measurements of the oil level. For the change of replacement affects:

• mileage vehicle;
• terms of Use;
• driving style.

Trust the procedure should be to specialists to a hundred, where there is all the necessary equipment, which will allow to replace the oil. After all, you can only merge a part of the ATF fluid, a significant part remains in the box. With the help of technical devices, professionals will also be able to rinse, or replace the filter.

Checking transmission oil in automatic transmission

A long life of the transmission provides timely check of the residues of the mixture in the automatic transmission. Such an operation is carried out in different ways - it all depends on the type of transmission. Before proceeding with the procedure, read the user instructions well.

You can control the remaining level of the mixture both on hot and on a cold transmission, because the probe has the appropriate marks.

If you decide to independently carry out this operation, then you should remember the need to observe the exact oil level. In each case, you are subject to the entire hazard system:

• the insufficient level provokes air from entering the pump along with oil (in such a situation there is a burning, slipping of friction and a general failure of the system). If you find out that the level does not reach the desired mark, then try to determine the cause of oil leakage;
• the elevated level contributes to the fact that the excess oil is transfused through the Sapun, the level decreases, therefore, the same problems arise as in the situation described above. The release through the breather is diagnosed according to the degree of pollution of the part of the liquid.

How to choose a working fluid for ATF specification

Each of the oil groups has different friction indicators and differences in temperatures. What do the various ATF specifications mean:

• DEXRON IID It does not tolerate too cold temperatures, therefore, suitable for use only in countries where in the winter season the temperature does not fall below -15 degrees. Suitable for cars of previous generations;
• DEXRON IIE. It manifests itself well even at temperatures in -30, it is necessary only in areas where strong and frequent frosts are dominated. The manufacturer ensures that the liquid will retain its viscosity. Even if your transmission implies the use of IID, in the cold season, change it on IIE;
• DEXRON III. It is applied literally on all modern auto-breeds.

Incorrectly chosen mixture will provoke multiple malfunction in the operation of automatic transmission. Extremely predictably discharge discs, an increase in the time it is required to change the transfer, the occurrence of jerks when starting and. All this will be caused by a longer formation of oil pressure. Initially, you can not pay attention to such symptoms, but further they will manifest themselves more.

Is it possible to mix liquids of different types?

Mixing liquids is permissible, but still it is better not to risk, because it can lead to a breakdown, and the complete replacement of the automatic transmission will pretrately hit the pocket. In order to identify the type of oil, add a special dye into it, which will not affect the characteristics of ATF oils. If the specification cannot be determined, it is better to completely overdo it.

Long-term use of the same liquid, or the use of poor-quality fake leads to faults and breakdowns in different engine systems.

Questions of operation atf

The durability of the gearbox depends on maintaining the optimal level of fluid. If you know what ATF is, you also know that oil replacement is carried out only in car services under the supervision of specialists.

The fact that something is wrong with the liquid is evidenced by its black, or a dark brown color. At the same time there is an appearance of the burner odor. The color of oil normally functioning transmission is dense-red or red with an orange tint.

As noted above, it is important to prevent the fluid transfusion. Oil foaming provokes its release through the Sapun. If there is an insufficient level, the pump captures the air. It affects friction - discs start slipping and burning.

ATTENTION!
It is not permissible to mix ATF Type T and Type T-IV (JWS 3309).
(when switching to ATF T-IV, make only a complete oil change in automatic transmission)
Toyota recommends using oil for Toyota automatic transmission ATF Type T-IV Where it is recommended to use earlier types of oil - Toyota Type T-II and T-III.

From the above table, it is clear that it is permissible to use the next generation of ATF, that is, everything is higher than the class. Folding replacement towards the class decline is unacceptable. DEXRON III replaces Dexron II / Type T-IV replaces T-II

The newest generation Transmission Oils - Toyota ATF WS (JWS 3324)
Fully synthetic low viscosity fluid is required to use in cars for which the "User Guide" is specified, should not be used in the absence of such a recommendation. Not interchangeable with other types liquids Toyota. ATF TYPE T-IV, DEXRON. Since this type of oil absorbs moisture, it can lead to a transmission breakdown. Therefore, the open container is recommended only once.

General principles when changing oil in automatic transmission.
Do not mix different class oils. All settings of modern automatic transmission (after 2003) take into account the specific operation of the OEM oil. And these are not only those characteristics that are described in that, but also how these characteristics change in the process of heating and "aging". After all, lubricating, heat sink and frictional properties of oil are changing with oil pollution. If you are not sure about the type of old ATF oil is filled into the automatic transmission, make a complete oil replacement.

Universal Transmission Oil AISIN AFW +
Universal liquid for automatic transmissions (ATF) from japanese companies AISIN SEIKI CO., LTD, which is part of the Toyota concern. AISIN is the largest developer and manufacturer of automatic transmissions and CPP variator type based on its experience and most advanced technologies, Aisin has developed a series of specialized ATF and CVTF liquids for the service market.

The manufacturer recommends replacing the AISIN oil in the automatic transmission at no less than once every 20,000 km of run or once every 2 years, depending on what comes before. In this case, priority is given to a complete replacement of oil in the automatic transmission using a special installation.

Applicability
Toyota Type T, T-II, T-III, T-IV, DEXRON II, III, WS
Nissan Matic Fluid D, J, S
Honda Ultra ATF, Ultra ATF Z1, DW1
Mitsubishi SP-II, SP-III, SK, J2
Mazda ATF M-3, ATF M-V, ATF F-1, ATF JWS3317
Subaru ATF, Opel Original ATF 09117046
ISUZU BESCO ATF-III, BESCO DEXRON II-E
Suzuki Besco Dexron II-E, ATF 5D06, ATF 2384K, ATF 3314, ATF 3317
Daihatsu amix ATF MULTI, AMIX ATF DIII-SP GM Dexron II-E, Dexron III
FORD MERCON, MERCON V
Hyundai / Kia SP-II, SP-III, SP-IV, Matic-J RED-1, MX4 JWS3314
Mercedes Benz. 3AT / 4AT / 5AT