How to determine the status of the wheel bearings. Causes and signs of wheel hub breakdown. Determining wheels with damaged bearing

The wheel bearings are two types: ball radial-stubborn and roller conical. From the middle of the last century, single-row bearings go to the background, and progressive bearings of type Hub (Hub Unit Bearings) come to replace them.

What is the hub bearings

Bearing is a mechanism that supports part of the support.It can support the axis, shaft or any other detail, but in any case, its main purpose is to fix the shaft in space, thereby ensuring its free rotation or swing. The second function of the hub bearing is the perception of mechanical load and its transmission to other components.

The hub bearing is a mechanism that is a rolling bearing. Its main purpose is to ensure equal rotation of the wheel around the axis. Such bearings are divided into double row and single-row, can be an open or closed look. They are used as in cargo carsand in the passenger. The hub bearings for the rear and front wheels differ from each other.

Hub bearings - features of operation

The wheel bearings in the car are subjected to extreme loads. Such loads are high temperature differences, it has its influence and the environment (meaning not only salt), shock loads are formed when driving into pits, drill, brakes and steering. The rotation of the wheel should not impede the backlash, it should rotate with the allowable noise and minimum friction.

Generations of hub bearings

The wheel bearings were once used in the design of the carriage suspension. Since the development of cars has begun, and the average speed of them grew, the hub bearings were exposed to engineering rethinking lot, they wanted to make more reliable and maintainable to work in rigid conditions. At this time, there are 4 generation of hub bearings, any of these generations can be seen on a more or less modern car.

Some of the modern hub bearings have a multi-pole magnetic ring ABS, because of this, during storage, it is not necessary to keep them in the place where the effect of the magnetic field is. When delivering these bearings, the CX company protects them made from alloy steel to protect them from demagnetization. Such bearings must be installed so that the pole ring is placed to the speed sensor sensor.

For what you need bearings, and how to care for them

Despite the fact that the hub bearings are constantly subjected to tremendous loads, they are very strong and serve for a long time. Increased pressure on the hub bearings occurs during braking and acceleration, and when moving on them, it is not one strength at all, but several. In front hub, a conical single row roller type bearing is usually found. On the front-wheel drive machines, more complex two-row mechanisms are most often applied. These bearings are withstanding huge loads, however, the price is noticeably different.

Often car owners remember these elements only when it is formed excess noise When working wheels. The most common problems are incorrect installation of hub bearings, as well as improper operation. If everything is true and follow your car, then it will be necessary to replace the bearing or some other detail soon.

The hub bearings of the closed type is easier to operate, because the lubricant is poured into it even during the manufacture, and it will not be necessary to replace it. These bearings are completely sealed, and they cannot be disassembled. But the roller outdoor bearings, on the contrary, need constant care. If you monitor the state of bearings, then the front and rear bearings of the hub can serve about 130 thousand km of mileage.

What features appear when bearings

If there are any problems, the following signs can be said about them:

- Gul or loud noiseoriginating from behind the car. If a hub bear Faulty, then the noise becomes more during the passage of turns.

The backlash appears in the rear wheel, which also comes with the accompaniment of tapping or noise.

In order to check the wheel bearing, it is necessary to carry out the following actions:

1) You need to raise each wheel and as possible to promote it as possible. The formation of extra sounds says that it is time to change the bearing.

2) Conduction of transverse backlash. To do this, you need to shake the wheel from myself - to yourself, in case the movement of the wheel on the axis is felt, then it is also worth replacing the hub bearing.

If there is only a slight backlash, you can raise the hub nut, but such an operation briefly will take you from replacing the bearing.

Tools for replacing the hub bearing:

- end key number 30

Jack.

Balloon key.

Puller for recounting hub bearings.

Pliers - used to remove locking rings.

Key number 12 - Used to unscrew the guide pins in the rear brake drum.

Hammer, chisel, mount.

Procedure when replacing hub bearings

Replacing the hub bearings involves the following actions:

1) Turn on the first gear and apply in the middle of the "shoes" wheels. We unscrew the wheel bolts and with the help of the jack raise the machine in order to remove the rear wheels.

2) Remove the guide pins and brake drum.

3) We unscrew the nave nut and bring it off with the pin. It will be better if you enjoy the puller. In the case when an inner ring of bearing remains on the pin, then it will be necessary to remove the brake pads and only after that remove the ring.

4) Then we write the old bearing. This can be done when using the press, the puller or heavy hammer.

In order to replace the rear hub bearing, it is necessary to be guided regular rulesthat will help you do everything qualitatively:

To begin with, it is worth a pretty view of the axis: whether there are traces from turning the bearing. If they are, then the best option will be full replacement hubs. Then check the brake cylinder so that there are no drowshes, and the brake pads on the degree of wear. Remove the locking ring from the hub using a passation or screwdriver. And last - we look at the seat of the bearing for the presence of rust, and if it is available, then we wash it with an emery, and then we rinse with engine oil.

From how qualitatively you will prescribe a new bearing depends on how it will work; Because of this, it is worth carrying out such an operation carefully, following the following instructions:

1) Twisting the hub bearing through the washers with the desired bolt, because in the end during installation it may understand.

2) We put the bearing on the installation plane in the hub and, using a simple hammer, align it in the plane.

3) Using the mount or any other tool, weak weak strikes to pressed the bearing. Remember one rule - you can not apply strong blows, and if the bearing does not fit, it means that it is poorly installed.

4) After the bearing passed half of the way, it is possible to apply stronger strikes, because the probability of it has disappeared. In order not to damage the bearing, you can put an old one and continue to strike shock.

5) We heat the bearing until the stopper springs in the sinus.

The assembly is done in the following order:

1) We put on the hub on the axis.

2) We twist the central nut, putting a large washer before that.

3) Fix the brake drum and the wheel.

4) Check the quality of the installation, rotating the wheel, there should be no noise.

5) And the last, I lower the car from the jack and produce tightening the wheels.

Those car owners who, taking care of their "iron horse", try to regularly diagnose its different nodes and parts, are often asked: how to determine the failure of the hub bearing? He was decided to devote to today's article.

Signs of the hub bearing malfunction.

All those who hope to read the universal instructions for diagnosing a hub bearing, I would like to immediately warn - you will not find it here, more precisely, you will find, but not in the form in which I wanted.

The fact is that the main way to determine the faulty bearing is during a rumor movement, therefore, it is quite possible, you, without knowing it, has long been diagnosed by the named node.

Doubt? Then remember how your car has behaved lately: nothing worried you? Was there no strange body vibrations? Whether there was no incomprehensible roe (or crunch) - another, not the one, then the rubber is issued when driving, and more loud and unpleasant, something remotely resembles the sound of the heating aircraft. Did not notice anything like this? So, most likely, with hub bearings in your car, everything is in order. But we will not hurry with conclusions, check all times.

1. Choose a way free of movement.
2. Expand on it cars up to 40-60 km per hour.
3. Now, as if drawing the trajectory of his movement of the snake, alternately twist the steering wheel left and right - slightly, amplitudes at 20 degrees will be quite enough.
4. Listen, does not accompany you an unusual hum. If accompanies, pay attention when it is enhanced, when you turn to the right or left. In the first case, the left front bearing will be defective, in the latter - the right front.

How to determine the fault of the hub bearing do it yourself?

For a service station for the diagnosis of hub bearings, there are special devices that are easily diagnosed with the condition and the degree of wear of bearings by means of vibromonitoring.

However, not every one of us pay the money for the fact that his wheel is simply pretty unknown and shocked. We can do it yourself.

1. Slightly subdominate the machine to the verifier wheel, and better two (front or rear) at once (front or rear) were in suspended.
2. One hand take the wheel at an extreme top point, the second is in the extreme bottom.
3. Now try alternately to follow these points to yourself and from myself. With a faulty hub bearing, it will be good for you to get well - the "healthy" bearing does not allow this.
4. If we are not just about wheels, but about drive front, then they are tested not only to the vertical deviation, but also on the horizontal. For this, hands are moved to extreme side points and alternately move their hands - to themselves and from themselves. The noise emerging is most often a sign of a faulty bearing, although it is quite possible that the problem is not in it, but in the steering rake.

Video.

aUTOEPOCHRU.

Diagnostics of the bearing of the hub

The appearance of extraneous noise from the front suspension when the car can be caused by a number of faults. One of these may be strong wear of the left or right hub bearing front wheel, whose replacement can be performed with your own hands, as it doesn't need even a pit or lift. In this article, you know more about how to check the wheel bearing. You can identify this malfunction in several ways.

Indirect signs of the bearing bearing of the front suspension hub

In this section, you will find signs of the hub bearing fault, as well as how to check the bearing of the front wheel hub.

• A characteristic feature that the replacement of the hub bearing in Kalina is needed, is an extraneous level noise (buzz, hum) from the left or right wheel when driving. As a rule, in this case it is enhanced at high speed (more than 80-90 km / h), so it is most often noticed when moving along the highway.

• Due to the noise created by the air flow and when the tires are made with the road, it is not always possible to accurately determine the sound source. It is noteworthy that noise from the salon on the right side is often perceived as left and vice versa. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to how the sound is changed on the turns, since at this moment the bearing accounts for an increased load. So, the disappearance of the sound when turning to the left and its amplification when turning right testifies to the wear of the left bearing of the hub. Accordingly, opposite symptoms speak of the wear of the right.

Diagnostics of the bearing of the left and right front wheel bearings

How to find out what hub bearing is buzzing?

• To make sure the front left or right wheels hub bearings are faulting, or the absence of such, it is better to check on worthwhile. Handing the front wheels and engaged parking brake, It is necessary to "dispersed" on the fifth gear standing on the spot the car up to 120 km / h and listen from which side there is noise. Ideally, it is better to do this with the help of a phononeoscope.

The disadvantage of the above-described method of diagnosis is the noise of the operating engine that can drown out the sound and the lack of load. A more objective symptom is the presence of a backlash, which can be revealed by shooking the front wheel with the hands of the top part of it. In addition, the wheel can be scrolled by hand, turning attention to the presence of outsided sounds and smoothness of slowing motion. In this case, the load is small, but there is no noise, which published by the engine and the PPC. It is better to produce an inspection with an assistant who will press the brake pedal without blocking the wheel completely - if the sound disappears, it's almost certain in the bearing.

The need to replace the front suspension hub bearing may indicate a strong noise from the wheel, increasing when overcoming the irregularities and turning turns. When such symptoms appear, it is necessary to more carefully check the status of the left and right wheels the hub bearings already on the place vehicle. The most objective sign of strong wear in this case will be a strong backlash wheel, which can be found by shocked by his hands. After such a diagnostics, you can determine whether you need to replace the hub bearing on Kalina.

How buzzing a hub bear

Every car enthusiast at one time came across the root during the movement of the car. The sound, similar to the motion of the train, gradually connecting with crackling, not only interferes with the driver and passengers. It can be a precursor of serious malfunctions. Ignoring the bearing hum leads to a decrease in driving safety.

How to determine which bearing is faulty? Is there a difference in the sound of the front and rear hubs? How serious is the consequences of driving with unfamiliar bearings? Knowing the answers to these questions, each driver will be able to protect themselves in time and its passengers.

What you need to know

Gul appears, starting from a speed of 40-60 km / h. With the acceleration of the car, it increases, changes rhythm and tonality. Operation with such a bearing can lead to serious consequences.

A frequent sign of the bearing malfunction becomes a buzz on turns. If the unpleasant sound is distributed when the steering wheel is turned on to the right, then it is necessary to change the left front element. Similarly, if the hub bearing is buzzing while turning to the left, then the right front element is defective.

This is due to the fact that a certain wheel is larger during the rotation. Bearings are loaded. The hub begins to vibrate, which makes a characteristic sound.

Causes of the grouse of bearing

To understand what led to the destruction of the bearing, as well as to avoid this in the future, it is necessary to know the reasons. Most frequent of them:

• hitting dirt and water under the seals;
• natural wear;
• getting wear products on work surfaces;
• lack of lubrication;
• mechanical damage;
• factory bearing marriage established when replacing.

In addition, bearings may not withstand the load due to a small dynamic load capacity. The replacement of bearings should be carried out as soon as they start to buzz. Otherwise, the wheel can jam, and then it would be better to drive the driver at low speed.

Other reasons:

• Reducing the lifetime of bearings occurs due to the use of incorrect departure wheel disks.
• The part of the part increases depending on the mass of the car.
• Increased external tire radius also adversely affects the bearing status. In this case, with lateral acceleration of the machine, the force of impact on the front hubs increases. Such a factor is especially common among jeeps.
• Faulty shock absorbers who do not cope with shock loads often become the perpetrators of the exit of sowing wheel bearings.
• Damage brake system - Reason for excess heat to the bearing. It is possible to determine this by vibration brake pedal.
• Improper execution of collapse / convergence of wheels. Incorrectly selected wheel installation angles involve the redistribution of loads.

Increased bearing wear occurs when moving in deep puddles. Negatively affects the details of long-term operation in conditions of severe frost or heat. Bearing badly and dusty crossed terrain. Overpensing machines, as well as long-term driving at high speed - another causes of the rapid wear of the suspension element. How to determine which bearing is buzzing? This can be done according to certain "symptoms".

Signs

When suspected suspicion of a malfunction of one of the wheel bearings, it is worth checking both the front and rear wheels. In the first case, determine the defect is much easier.

Front bearings

The main feature is the bundling hum. Its volume and rhythm are changing with increasing / decreasing speed, as well as turns. Over time, the metal grinds and tapping begins to add to Gulu.

Rear bearings

Signs of the rear bearing malfunction are very similar to those similar to the front. However, the passage of snakes cannot be revealed. Most often, the hum is changing only when the speed changes. Diagnose damage can be diagnosed only after subdomains the rear wheels. More convenient to carry out a procedure on a special lift.

Sometimes during acceleration, the vibration of the brake pedal is felt. It also speaks about the malfunction of the hub bearing. The knock is made due to excessive backlash. The bearing of the hub is evenly buzzing as a result of the wear of the treadmill of separators.

How to check the bearing

With increasing speed, the suspension begins to produce the sound of the sealer. Over time, he begins to grow, delivering more and more discomfort. On time, the replaced bearing will not only get rid of the annoying sound, but also provide the long service of many suspension elements.

How to check the bearing hub:

• Reveal the backlash in horizontal and vertical planes. If the wheel "goes" means the bearing is faulty. The backlash is observed only as a last resort when the bearing lives the last days. If MacPherson suspension is checked, a small backlash is allowed.
• When the wheel is spinning, the humids are noticeably enhanced.
• If you keep a swivel fist at the point of fastening the hub by hand, the vibration will be clearly felt when the wheel is promoting. In good condition of the bearing, no movements arise.

You can check in such ways both the front and rear wheels. This will make it possible to more accurately help determine exactly what burying bearing. Acquire and install a new item better as soon as the buzz appeared.

How long can you ride?

Some drivers after the appearance of the buzz try not to notice it. Riding with a faulty bearing sometimes lasts half a year, sometimes a few months. It is especially worth thinking about their safety when the suspension noise is enhanced.

• breeding pads - it will be impossible to slow down if necessary;
• wheel Jumping - At high speed, this development of events is dangerous for the life of the driver and passengers;
• the wheel goes away when turning and the driver loses the control of the car.

Preventing such consequences - a serious reason to replace the item at the very first signs of malfunction. The life of any hub bearing is not established by the Regulations maintenance. Most often on russian roads The right front element comes into disrepair. This is due to the ride on the roads. Road quality also strongly affects all suspension elements.

IN winter time Drivers are often confused by a burying ground with rubber noise. At first, they can really be confused. However, a few weeks later, it will be difficult to notice the characteristic sound of the reactive turbine.

The replacement is carried out either partially - the old bearing is recreated and the new bearing is placed, or completely - along with the hub. The second option is preferable when not a replacement hub explicit traces of production. With the gentle operation of the car and a calm ride, bearings can serve more than 100 thousand km.

Having understood with the peculiarities of the bearing hum, the causes of its malfunction and the order of verification, each driver will be able to diagnose the location of the problem independently. Her elimination is better to entrust professionals. However, in the presence of time and special equipment Everything can be done yourself. After repair, you must perform the collapse / wheel alignment.

themechanic.ru.

Nutritional bearing malfunctions -

In this article, let's talk about possible faults Hub bear.

Basic symptoms of faulty bearing

• With a faulty hub bearing there will be a strong buzz, both in the cabin itself, despite the sound insulation and on the other hand. Being in the car, it is difficult to determine which side goes.
• With a strong wear of the bearing, the steering should be noticeable. With a large wear, the bearing bed is broken and the spherical elements begin to walk around the circumference of the bearing. The wheel, which sits hard begins, shakes from the side to the side, forming a gap. If the hub bearing is working, then he must have a backlash.

• The car will be inclined in the direction in which the faulty bearing is located. The faulty bearing spins badly, starts to slow down the movement and because of this, the car begins to pull left / right.

Diagnostics

To check the car it must be signed on the lift.

Then check the bearing clearance, shaking the wheel. If there is a gap, then you have to replace the hub bearing. In most modern cars Now 2-row bearings are used, and they go without gap.

If the clearance is not detected, we use the following method. We bring the car, we turn on the transmission, overclock the wheels, and then the wasting car. If the bearing thugs with small wheel speeds, the bearing is faulty.

The reasons for the resulting bearing set. One of the main reasons is the state of the highway. The poor condition of the road has a negative impact on the car suspension. Also reasons are: Natural Wire Bearing, poor-quality installation in car services.

By the bearing, in no case can not knock with a hammer!

If the hub bearing failure is detected, it is necessary to contact the car service.

qvarto.ru.

Pipe Bearing Fault Diagnostics

Rolling bearings are widely used in machine mechanisms, even in the most heavy conditions they differ high degree reliability. Premature breakdowns are extremely rare. Rolling bearings fault primarily become noticeable by the unusual behavior of the support during operation.

In the study of damaged bearings, you can define all sorts of signs.

As a rule, to determine the cause of the malfunction of alone visual inspection Bearing is not enough; Including it is necessary to take into account the condition of adjacent parts, lubricants and seals, as well as operating conditions.

Systematic actions in the study of malfunction facilitate its reasons.

Causes of faults

The service life of the wheel bearings is calculated on average to mileage up to 10,000,000 km. However, the real picture is very different from the calculated one. Some unnatural conditions can lead to premature damage to the hub bearing and reduce its resource.

- In 70% of cases, the cause of the malfunction is inappropriate lubricant: excess, insufficient or inappropriate lubrication.

- In 18% of cases, we are talking about pollution: moisture or solid material falls inside the bearing. Therefore, the seals are important, since there may be a lubricant in damage to seals, and pollution fall inside.

- In 10% of cases, the cause is the wrong installation: excessive force, overheating, incorrect adjustment and clearance, too strong tightening of the conical sleeve, etc.

Wear or damage to wheel hubs or hubs is dangerous for your customers. At least it can lead to late and expensive breakage on the road.

It is best to replace wheel hub bearings or a hub node before their failure. But how can you know when it should be done?

Chart (Fig. 1), created on the basis of millions of data on the statistics of bearings replacement, shows that the real mileage

Frequency of replacement of wheel hubs depending on the mileage

the car, when probably you need to replace the bearings - is between 130,000 and 190,000 km.

Therefore, for maximum safety and reliability, bearnel manufacturers recommend that you check the wheel hub bearings during each replacement brake shoes, regardless of the age of the car. And you should always pay attention to the first signs of bearings wear, such as noise when moving or unusual slowing down when turning the steering wheel.

Common Forms of Rolling Bearings

- overheating.

- The destruction of the outer ring.

- Skot.

- Too dense landing.

- Fatigue material.

- Dent in rolling bodies.

- Pollution.

- Incorrect lubrication.

- corrosion.

- damage to the edges of the bearing.

- Zadira.

- Incorrect load vector.

Experience shows that the majority of "defective" parts returned to distributors are in fact not. Usually their premature breakdown occurs due to other factors: from damage caused by adjacent components and systems, failures in their work, to the wrong installation.

Let's try to figure out these damage and causes that caused them.

When diagnosing faults automotive components There should be taken into account such signs as scratches, dents, stripes, cracks, color change, appearance of too smooth surfaces, etc. In many cases, these signs will immediately help establish the cause of the breakdown of the part. When diagnosing faults in the operation of the car, you should pay noise. The bearing in good condition makes a smooth, almost indistinguishable sound. If you can hear the hurt, grind or other unusual sound, then it is necessary to establish its cause.

The unusual behavior of the bearing during operation indicates a malfunction (Table 1). Bearing faults, as a rule, manifest itself a deterioration in operational qualities. A sudden failure occurs less frequently, for example, with the wrong installation or absence of lubricant, which leads to a quick breakage. Depending on the operating conditions from the moment of damage to the actual bearing failure, there may be some time under certain circumstances - several months.

Nutritional bearings malfunction diagnostics

"Oval deformation"

1. Remove the hub bearing from the planting hole.
2. Check if there are two opposite sides of the upper surface of the outer ring on the dark spot. Ensure that both surfaces in relation to dark spots at an angle of 90 ° have no damage. If so, the landing opening is deformed and the replacement of the swivel fist is necessary.
3. To make sure that in the rolling tracks of the outer ring, there is no development, disassemble the hub bearing on the part. At the same time, first remove the seal (for example, special ticks), and then dismantle the node consisting of the outer ring, the inner ring, separator and balls.
4. Clean the rolling track paths and check them for the presence of "shells" coinciding with dark spots on outside Outdoor ring. The presence of such "shells" indicates the "oval deformation" of the swivel fist.

This defect refers to the most common, therefore, in the process of diagnosis and repair, we recommend using the recommendations presented in Table 2.

Damage to race track

This can occur due to several reasons:

Impact effect on the inner ring when mounting the bearing (Fig. 2).

Fit to the bearing of the foreign body (Fig. 3).

Inituating into the bearing of the foreign body, caused by wear and subsequent painting of the surface of the ring (Fig. 4).

Excess static bearing capacity.

Falling bearing or mounted node.

As a result, dents in rolling bodies are manifested in the form of depressed places in rolling tracks, which enhances the vibration of the bearing (hum). Strong dents can lead to premature bearing output.

In order for such a problem, the mechanic must mount and dismantle the bearing only with a special tool, which we will still fill in the future. And apply a force for pressing on a tightly planted ring.

Damage of the surface of the outer ring of the bearing (Fig. 5)

Full text of the article: See "Archive" Magazine "Automaster" No. 1-2 2008 Sergey Uktusov, full version with drawings.

http://a-master.com.ua/archives/1430

http://a-master.com.ua/archives/1406.

If you once again heard some extraneous and suspicious rumble, then most likely you will have to check the wheel bearings. Such noises will undoubtedly cause concern from any good driver, because inaction can do much more expensive. As already mentioned, the problem may be in the wheel bearings. It is because of their wear, a different kind of noise can appear, from which it is urgent to get rid of.

Rear Hub Bearing Features

The hub is a very important detail of any car. It has a hole that is created in order to plant the detail on the shaft or axis. The main function of the hub is to pass torque from crankshaft On the wheel, so that the latter rotates, that is, the car moves. No less important role in the running part of the car playing a hub bearing. It is represented as a single-row or double row ball rolling bearing. They are connected together to ensure that all security measures during ride have been met. Therefore, it is clear that any breakdown of the bearing is fraught with the fact that the movement on the car becomes unsafe.

This part has a special kind, since it is the hub bearings that are responsible for reliable fixation of different nodes, but they still can rotate. The main function, both rear and front - ensuring reliable fixation and level rotation of the wheels.

The difference between the front and rear hub bearings is only in the design, but the functions performed fully coincide. Rear hub independent suspension Designed almost as well as the front hubs, but the difference will be only in the swivel fist. The rear wheels, depending on the design of the chassis, there may be the following types of bearings:

1) Radial balls or roller in the case of dependent suspension;

2) Conical in case of independent suspension.

Any of the types of rear hub bearings are susceptible to wear, and the reasons may be the most different.

Rear Hub Bearing Faults

The main problem that can occur with the rear hub bearings is wear. The prerequisites for such a phenomenon are somewhat, and they are the most different - excessive load, low seal efficiency, too small clearance due to a large tension in the landing.

A third of the car bearings is damaged due to the normal tired process. Another third breaks due to improper or poor-quality lubrication. The remaining part of the bearings fails due to contamination, improper operation, or due to improper installation. The specificity of the operation of the machines is such that allows you to allocate several reasons why the rear wheel bearings may go out:

1) Bad lubrication of nodes. Lubricants can "degrade" due to excessive heating of bearings, damaged seals, the use of inappropriate oil or low-quality material for lubricating nodes where hub bearings are located.

2) Bad seals. A similar problem is fraught with the fall in the bearings of water and dirt, as a result of which the abrasive mixture is formed.

3) Natural wear. The first signs of fatigue damage depend on the load value, the frequency of rotation of the element, the purity of the lubricant and the effectiveness of its use. Wear can appear and develop due to variable shifts in the upper layers of rolling tracks, which there are cracks that go towards the surface. The rolling bodies are rolled over the cracks, which is why the metal particles are cleaned, from which the bearing is made. Initially this processwhich is called "peeling" or "choking", practically does not manifest. But the "peeling" is constantly developing and enhanced due to edge stresses, as well as due to the presence of wear products that are applied with lubricant.

The process of fatigue "peeling" of elements of bearings is developing quite slowly, at the same time accompanied by an increase in the level of vibration and noise during operation. It is thanks to these signs that you can see a similar problem and to replace the bearings in time before they completely destroy. Keep in mind that due to the too large layer of lubricant in comparison with the size of the surface irregularity, there are practically no damage. But due to the excessive load, which falls on the bearing, after a while it will begin to develop quite natural fatigue destruction.

How to check the rear wheel bearing

Earlier it has already been said that the presence of a faulty bearing can be determined by excess noise that appears during the ride. It is more accurate to determine what state is the rear wheel bearings, it is possible by turning to the right and left. When turning left, the Kuzow roll is transferred to right side. That is, the load goes from the left wheel to the right and vice versa. If at a speed of 10-15 km / h sharply turn the steering wheel left, after which this foreign noise It will disappear, it means that noise comes from the left wheel, or rather, from the bearing of his hub. If the noise disappears when turning to the right, you will have to change the bearing on the right wheel.

In order to carry out more accurate diagnostics, you need to raise the machine using a lift or jack. After that, run the engine, "relent" the machine to a speed of 70-80 km / h on the fourth gear, exit clutch and turn off the transmission. After that, it will be necessary to determine on the hearing, from which wheel the noise is coming. If the wheel is not leading, you can spin it with your hands.

After stopping the wheels, you need to take one hand for the upper part, in the second - for the bottom. Try to silence the wheel in the vertical plane. If there is even the smallest backlash, then rest assured that the bearing will have to change. Similarly, try to break the wheel in the horizontal plane. To do this, you need to take the wheel for the left and right parts, after which try to dig it.

It happens that the backlash appears due to faults of the suspension elements or due to the wear of the steering system. Ask someone with effort to press the brake pedal, and you yourself try to spend the wheel along the vertical. If the backlash does not disappear, then look for the cause. If the backlash still disappeared, then the reason is probably in the hub bearing.

Remember one principle - if the wheel bearing is working, then there should be no hopted. After you find out what is the reason, you can drive the machine to the service to the specialists or replace the bearing itself. When you work, it is necessary to maintain cleanliness, be sure to set the gap during the installation of a conical type bearing, it is also desirable not to use sharp tools that can damage seals.

To maximize the life of bearings, you need to accurately follow the rules from installation and maintenance. The operating time of these parts also depends on the rule of element itself and from using the correct tool for its installation. In no case do not drop the bearing in dirt or water, it must be properly lubricated and installed. During the installation, comply with the following recommendations:

1) Call the bearing from the packaging right before installing.

2) Maintain cleanliness: Close the parts of the car to which the bearing will be put, cover the film, paraffinated with paper or a clean dry cloth, the new bearing, which you have not yet installed.

3) Do not install bearings near the machines that cut metal, or near the devices that are created by contamination.

4) Do not strike the bearing strikes.

5) Use a special sleeve for pressing the bearing.

6) Choose the right one lubricant. Apply it in the right amount. Lubricate bearings on time.

7) Use special hydraulic or heating tools.

The hub is an element of the chassis of the car, ensures the connection of the wheel with the axis. Due to wheel bearings protruding intermediate link Between the hub and the axis, the wheel rotates with minimal resistance.

Design and principle of work

The wheel bearings are one of the highest loads of the machine. They have pressure full mass Auto, multidirectional loads arising from accelerations, movements in irregularities. Therefore, very serious requirements are put forward to these nodes, since the safety of motion directly depends on them.

In the design of the car in the hubs use rolling bearings. In the car hubs, different, although it is defined and consist of several parts:

• cute, they are rings (outdoor and internal);
• rolling bodies;
• separator;

Rings of bearings act as supporting surfaces for rolling bodies, which are placed between climax. The outer ring bearing is installed in the hole of the hub, and the inner it sits on the axis.

For the uniform distribution of rolling bodies around the circle, the separator is used. The problem of the separator also includes the exclusion of contact of these bodies among themselves.

Additionally, in the design of certain types of wheel bearings, preventing dust and dirt from entering the node. Such nodes are considered closed.

Varieties

Classification of rolling bearings

The balls and rollers (cylindrical or conical) are rollers and rollers (cylindrical or conical) in the bearings of the hub. The number of rings of rolling bodies is one or two.

Radial () and radial-resistant (roller conical) bearings were obtained the greatest distribution.

IN modern modelsequipped with abs, the bearing is part of The hub itself. It is closed and maintained, its resource is equal to the service life of the car. In case of failure of the node, it is necessary to change the hub assembly.

Radial bearings are installed one by one on the hub. They are closed and maintained, the adjustment for them is not envisaged, and possible hubs are eliminated by landing into the hub and on the axis with strong tension.

As for radially resistant bearings, they are often installed two on the hub. Such nodes are open and landing with a little tension. This design allows adjustment to eliminate the backlats.

Radial wheel bearings are used on the driving axis, and on the slave - radially resistant. For example, on the VAZ-2107 behind the onset on one ball hub bearing, and two conical nodes are in front. But on the VAZ-2108 cylindrical element, and the double-row, is used on the front axle, and the conical are installed behind.

Signs of Watch Bearing Bearing, Diagnostics

The resource of bearings is about 100 thousand km. But on the service life directly affect the features of the operation of the car, the quality of the manufacture of nodes and timely maintenance.

Frequent riding on bad roads and ignoring adjustments for (in conical bearings) lead to enhanced wear of rolling bodies and their tracks on rings. Ingestion of dust and sand reduce the resource of bearings.

At the same time, it is impossible to allow critical wear and destruction of nodes, otherwise the likelihood of the bearing is likely, accompanied by a breakdown of the wheel from the axis or its jam.

The main feature of the wear of the wheel bearings is the appearance of a distinct grumble from the wheels while driving. With insignificant wear, the hum is quiet, but gradually it will increase. Operation of the car at such signs is possible, but better in the shortest possible time to diagnose the state and replace or adjust the wheel bearings.

Critical wear signal is the appearance of a crunch. This indicates the destruction of the bearing. It is impossible to operate the car under such signs, and the damaged node requires replacement.

Diagnostics of hub bearings - the operation is not difficult, each can perform. It is necessary to hang the wheel, to bring it to determine whether there are no jams and subflores. Next, it is necessary to defeat the wheel, keeping it at the top and bottom. On radial cylindrical bearings, the backlash is not allowed. But in the radial-stubborn items, he may be present, but insignificant.

Video: How to check the wheel bearing?

The backlash in cylindrical nodes signals strong wear and need to replace, since they are unregulated. But the backlash in the conical bearings can be eliminated.

Adjustment work

For adjustment work, a standard set of keys, hammer and screwdriver will be required. On all cars almost identical and differ only in some details. Adjustment technology is:

• We will weaken the wheel bolts on the hub, which must be adjusted;
• With the help of post and remove the wheel;
• Using a hammer and a screwdriver, pick up a protective cap, installed in the center of the hub;
• Passatages flex a stopper mustlee and pull it out;
• Watch the hub nut until it stops, and after turning back to ¼ turn;
• Check the ease of rotation of the hub. It should be spinning easily and without jail;
• We collect everything back and check the backlash again.

If it is not possible to eliminate the play by adjusting, or there is a swallowing and crunch when rotating, the bearing is subject to replacement.

As already noted, the cylindrical bearings are not regulated, therefore the appearance of the roe and the detection of the backlash indicates the need for replacement.

Nuances when replacing

The replacement technology of the hub bearing is not complicated, but requires the presence of special equipment - the press or at least powerful plumbing vice.

The method with the hub clogging using a hammer with a mentor when working with hubs is not suitable, since the high probability of damage to the bearing seat in the hub or skeletal of the node.

When installing a new bearing, pay attention to the ease of landing. The node should sit down in the hub very tight, the small resistance indicates the wear of the landing place. In this case, it is subject to replacement.

If after installing the new bearing and the assembly of the movement of the backlash in the hub with a cylindrical bearing remained, it also indicates the wear of the landing place.

In the process of landing a new node special attention Centen the bearing center, otherwise it can go to the skew and damage the surface of the landing place.

If during the movement of the car the wheels make not only tire noise, but also a monotonous low-frequency roe is true sign The fact that the hub bearing will soon fail and it is necessary to replace it as soon as possible.

What can cause a full failure of the wheel bearing

If you do not pay attention to the humor in the wheel area, and do not take any measures to eliminate it, then in addition to discomfort from unpleasant sound there may be more other, more unpleasant consequences. Ignoring this malfunction can later lead to the encoding of the hub bearing. As a result, the semi-axis deformation, the destruction of the ball support and the suspension lever will occur. In the event that the bearing is embroidered at high speed, then a serious accident, will be very difficult to avoid.

Bearing is buzzing: how is it? Video

Why fails the hub bearing

The bearing of the hub, as well as to him (rolling bearings), have high reliability and durability in the most difficult conditions. However, despite the declared, quite a long service life of the hub bearing by the manufacturer, they go within 100 thousand km. Run.
One of the main reasons for the failure of the car hub bearing is the terrible state of our roads. This leads to critical loads on the car suspension, and, in particular, to the hub bearing itself. Plus, add natural wear of parts, insufficient seal and unsatisfactory amount of lubricant material.

How to find a buzzing hub bearing. Video

Car hub bearing check

As you know, the faulty hub bearing makes a monotonous low-frequency roe during movement, which is more clearly manifested when turning to the right or left during the movement of the car at a speed of at least 20 km. hour.

When the front wheel of the car is rotated, the body rolls in the opposite direction from the direction of rotation and increases the load on the wheel under the roll.