What does GL4 and GL5 mean on oil. Transmission oil: from dental pain. Characteristics of operational properties

Replacement car Oil - the main lubricant that does not give metal components in contact with each other, come into disrepair, very important procedure. The article will talk about oil for the gearbox.

ROLE OF OIL IN CAT

We will understand to start, why it is necessary so oil for the box. Look inside the detail.

The fact that in the gearbox there are gears installed on the shafts that, in turn, rotate on the bearings and the fact that the gears come into contact with each other by teeth - all this we know.

Forget that high pressure and considerable longitudinal slide affects the transmission fluid, destroys the oil film in the contact area of \u200b\u200brubbing parts, leads to the metal and in the end, everything is destroyed.

Important properties

Eliminate the negative effects of the environment and the inevitable processes of mechanics are designed viscous oil with special additives. It is able to ensure the safety and small susceptibility of the oil film to different influences. It will also be useful to know that even at the stage of production of gears and other box parts, those are covered with phosphate.

As for additives, transmission fluids for boxes contain the same substances that are in motor lubricants. We are talking about anti-wear, viscous-temperature, anticorrosive and other additives. Only here in the transmission fluid these most additives are mixed in other proportions.

In addition, to reinforce the oil film, make it stronger, chlorine, zinc, sulfur and phosphorus compounds are added to the liquid - in one word, a whole bouquet of Mendeleev's table. But there are durable oxide films, perfectly opposing high pressure and mechanical effects.

Types of oils
Like the engine oil, the transmission fluid has three varieties or type of bases. Synthetic, semi-synthetic and mineral base. Consider each of the foundations separately, we learn their appointment and role.

Synthetic base

• She is it has better fluidity Compared to mineral. On the other hand, with extreme changes in operating temperatures, such oils can cause unwanted leaks through the gearboxes of the gearbox. Especially relevant such a situation with a car with a large mileage;
• There is u synthetic oils and advantages except for better yield. So, the thickness of the synthetic oil is less dependent on the decrease in temperature in cold seasonwhat allows you to use them in a wider temperature rangemaking from them all-season;

Semi-synthetic base

• Is a kind of hybrid, a combined option, something average between the total "synthetics" and "mineralical";
• This oil is designed to ensure the improvement of the properties of mineral oils, while reducing at the same time high cost synthetic.

Mineral base

• Consider the most consumed, so to speak, popular oils, due to their cheapness;
• To at least somehow improve the quality of mineral oils, a certain number of additives with a large sulfur content is added there.

It turns out that synthetic oils in their quality is better than mineral, but at a price much more expensive. The semi-synthetic is somewhere in the middle, giving the opportunity to save.

Important: Remember that in no case cannot mix "synthetics" with mineral base or vice versa!

Difference oil by type of box
In addition, oils must be able to distinguish them by their properties. To date, two types of oils are known: for automatic transmission and for transmission. That is what their differences.

For transmission

• Oils for manual transmission (or MTF) effectively remove mechanical loads, the friction pairs are lubricated, heat and rust particles are removed.

It should be known that all gears and bearing inside them require lubrication with immersion in oil and splashing. In some structures (especially loaded or complex mechanisms) and such a lubricant is not enough. Oil in such cases ensures a forced pressure under pressure.

For automatic transmission

• The difference between oils for automatic transmission (they are marked as ATF.) is that they are applicable higher demandsthan to lubricant for manual transmission. This oil performs the role of a mechanical energy transmitter in all transmission system. Rather, it is a hydraulic fluid than ordinary oil;
• These oils are not only able to lubricate gears, but also provide a liquid medium, as well as smooth operation of frictional mechanisms, it is better to get warm and protected from corrosion;
• They have more high viscosity index and better resist foaming;
• ATF lubricant is weaker to affect the glands and various elastomers than oil for the manual transmission;
• Such oils should be very racks and to oxidation.

Often on the forums ask such a question: Is it possible to use the oil for the machine in mechanical boxes. In principle, it is even better, but it will cost more.

Table of famous oils for automatic transmission

Classification of oil by viscosity
The basis figured out, now we go to one of the most important characteristics - features of specific oil and classification according to the degree of viscosity SAE and API..

API classification implies the separation of all known transmission oils on 7 groupsThe most common of which are GL-4. (moderate loads) and GL-5.(Hard, extreme loads).

SAE classification (detail about this classification can be read in other articles of our site) conditionally divides oil on 3 groups: Winter / Summer / Vise.

Below we see the table in which the most popular transmission oils are given and their viscosity is, as well as various important properties.

On synthetic basisPolysintetica

Replacing the oil in the gearbox

The oil for the gearbox is not in all brands of the car to be replaced. There are some expensive models of machines, in which the replacement is not provided for by the manufacturer itself. As a rule, these are cars with a new type of automatic transmission, where the liquid is flooded for the entire service life (which coincides with the service life of the car itself). In such gearbox, it does not even have probe to check the level.

Here, for example, the model of cars in which the replacement is not provided:

• On the german cars, after the 90s of the release, the boxes are set without probe;
• Akura RL with automatic transmission type MJBA;
• Chevrolet Yukon with Type 6L80 automatic transmission;
• Ford Mondeo with FMX automatic transmission;
• Honda CR-V recently release and many others

But all this, as if superficially and in practice, things are a little different. It may be necessary to replace if the problem is found in the box. In any case, the diagnosis will be needed (with the definition of a level of scanner and schedule) and the replacement is better to engage in specialists.

Let's leave at the rest of the expensive models of the car and move on to normal. In the boxes of these machines, it is recommended to replace through every 80 thousand km Mileage, which is about 2 years. But here not everything converges. Again, all this refers to the classical, so to speak scenario, implying that the car rarely falls into urban traffic jams, the climate of the country where the driver lives moderate, and the quality of the road does not cause doubts (as in Germany, for example). In our country, where driving conditions are almost extreme, replacement is relevant not every 80 thousand km and not even 40 thousand km of run, but every 25 thousand and these are not loud words, but the realities of our life. Thus, we will take care of the box and do not let her get out of time.

There is another option. Lubrication can be viewed visually and determine its condition. So, if it is noticeable that the fluid has changed the color to the darker or acquired the smell of burned, wait for the planned replacement is already stupid. Urgently contact the service where they will first diagnose, and then oil will be replaced.

Conclusion

Time does not stand still. New varieties of oils appear, import brand products become available, recommendations are changed. Motorist should be aware of the latest events, as well as a specialist in any other area. Periodically check the quality of the oil, diagnose and the status of the box.

Traditional transmission oil GL-4 of any given viscosity has about ½ level of phosphorous additive, which is available in GL-5, so that the surface of the surface tension is not so strong, and, therefore, a brass removal (wear of the parts of the box can occur with a certain time ). This means that GL-4 gives a little less protection against ultra-high pressure. Therefore, for high-speed hypoid gears, the GL-4 API is not quite suitable.

If you use GL-5 oil in a gearbox that requires GL-4, a process is also observed premature wear synchronizers and gear. This is due to the sedimentation of copper in the oil GL-5. In the latter it is more than 4 times, than in the API GL-4 standard oil.

What if you can't find GL-4?

Everything is very simple! Excellent replacement of GL-4 80W-90 transmission oil will be sAE oil 50, which meets the CAT-4 specifications. The interchangeability here takes place, since the operating temperatures are very similar, and, in the case of SAE 50, the copper level does not exceed the mark specified and on the GL-4 80W-90 package.

What is the difference between GL 4 from GL 5?

To fundamental differences that still have a kind of value, both for the car and the buyer, can be attributed:

1. Gearbox operating ranges. The GL-4 API is acceptable to use on passenger cars with "stock" boxes that are not susceptible to high loads.
2. Different viscosity. GL-4 has a smaller viscosity, both on a heated box, and not.
3. Non-promotional properties. For the above-mentioned boxes, it is a decent option, as it has a balanced amount of impurities of copper and iron. GL-5 in its composition has significantly more copper, which will necessarily damage the box of low load range.
4. Price. This parameter in the aspect of the difference in transmission oils is influenced exclusively on the buyer / car owner.

What kind of oil to choose when changing the configuration of the car?

What should I do if you put a more powerful engine in a car or increased HP sharply? The use of synthetic oil GL-4 will be the rational solution. The price category also plays the role. How to understand that the oil is chosen correctly and its further use does not hurt a box? Here everything is worth paying the case or feeling of "stubbornness" boxes. If this takes place, then replaced the selected need to GL-5. The fusion sample of the oil is worth to give the analysis, and the new stressed is analyzed throughout the same period of time.

If the only solution to the protection of the box from premature wear is the use of GL-5 oil, then a compensation event that will correctly fix / reduce the amount of copper impurities will become a filter with a magnet.

Such a replacement of the unit entails additional costs, both in terms of re-equipment and traditional transmission oils. The specificity of re-equipment involves the replacement of both synchronizers and gear wheels. If synchronizers can still be attributed to the category supplies, the latter will be guarded, and, in fact, use GL-5. Especially it will be useful in cases where the power of the car increases per 100 hp and more.

The main difference and rationality of the purchase

No matter how cool, the main differences of such oils is operating range. For example, the GL-4 API is used under conditions of different gravity, and GL-5 is relevant for high-speed hypoid gears and leading bridges, which, in turn, operate at sufficiently high temperature modes alternating with short-term shock loads.
The creation and preservation of native properties is very important for any unit in which any of the above-mentioned synthetic oils can be used. The choice is correct in no way ends in the purchase and use of the highest class, even the same API GL-5.

Visual example

As a visual example, you can take a popular and affordable car "Lanos". To pour into his box too expensive oil seems absurd, and, as practice shows, is irrational. The box on the principle of its functioning refers to the average degree of load. Someone will say that it is better to fill GL-5 and forget about it. As mentioned above, this oil It has a high anti-flawful property due to the increased concentration of copper impurities. It is copper, of course, in unnecessary quantities, literally for half a year, synchronizers and other driving elements will abate. As a result, the potential owner will receive a spoiled box and headache in the form of an additional cost of expenses.

The GL-4 API, with regard to the same "Lanos", will cost somewhat more expensive, since the frequency of planned changes of oil differs from the above-mentioned in a large side, but eliminates the possibility of premature wear of the box elements.

Note! Exhaust oil, whether it will be GL-4 or GL-5, cannot be reused in any node of the car units.

Transmission boxes and leading bridges are called transmission. Transmission I. motor oil Have a similar classification. For TM, the main properties are: viscous characteristics, operational and anti-corrosion properties, as well as lubricating and thermo-oxidative.

Transmission Oil Overview 75W-90

Transmission oil, as well as the motor, has its own, which also need to be able to properly decipher. On a label with butter there is a classification of SAE and API.there are some classifier ZF. or mil Specificationand maybe tolerances of individual automakers.

All modern transmission oils must comply with the classification according to the international standard SAE J306. 75W90 The most commonly used degree of viscosity among transmission fluids.

The value of the viscosity characteristics 75W and 90

According to SAE, TM is divided into types and, accordingly, on their purpose, depending on viscosity. Since it will be about 75W-90 transmission oil, we will understand first of all with its characteristics.

75W - This indicator is known as "Winter" shows the degree of fluidity at negative temperatures. The lower the value in front of the letter "w", the themes of the transmission is more fluid in the cold. For this type of oil, the threshold should be at -40 ° C.

The second viscosity range indicator - 90 It is also called "summer", indicates the maximum transferred plus temperature of the outer air at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. By itself, the parameter also does not reflect the true meaning, you just need to know that according to reference data, this threshold will be up to +35 ° C.

It would seem why 75W90 oil is the most acceptable for our latitudes.Why not create a universal with an even wider temperature spectrum? But not everything is so simple. Protection against friction between the gear surfaces directly depends on the lubricating ability of transmission oil. Although this indicator with an increase in viscosity is significantly improved, the law of resistance shall enter into force, the loss of transmission power increases, through the waste of energy to extrude it from under the gear teeth. And also viscous oil is very thick in the cold. The less viscous, at minus temperatures, feels good, but it has a less durable protective film and the worst lubricant property. To balance these two indicators, special additive packages are also used.

In the zone of moderate temperatures, it is better to focus on the class of viscosity "90", but "140", that is, TM, the viscosity of which at 100 ° C is not lower than 24 mm2 / s, it may be preferable for a hot southern climate or high speeds with high speeds .

The transmission fluid must perform such functions:

• exclude friction, jamming, jackets, pitting (deep corrosion of metal) and other damage;
• reduce energy loss and increase efficiency;
• remove heat from friction surfaces;
• reduce noise and vibration when working gears.

Therefore, TM 75W90 from different manufacturersOf course, it is somewhat different with its properties, and, of course, with their price tag. In addition, the transmission oil 75W90 is often synthetic, although in some cases a number of manufacturers may indicate on its label as semi-synthetic. But in fact, it differs from synthetics only by the content of a synthetic substance of 20% - 40% and the number of additives from 2 to 15%.

In addition to the fact that these fluids are classified according to the SAE system, there is a separation of transmission oils and through the API system with the "GL" index (in the Russian version - the TM index).

Operational properties of TM.

API classification shows a comprehensive assessment. transmission depending on operational properties And divided into six categories. Categories are marked by the index, which makes it possible to understand the scope of application and the quality level of the product. In the transmissions of passenger cars, today, liquids are used only two groups - GL-4 and GL-5 (TM-4, TM-5 for domestic classification).

GL-4. (or TM-4) - designed for medium loaded gears. Used in manual transmission and mechanisms with spiral conical gears. Operation of such oils can be carried out in transmission transmissions hypoid type at considerable speeds, but small or moderate torque.

GL-5. (or TM-5) - applied to highly loaded gears. Operation of oil with such a standard is carried out in hypoid gears at small torque, in combination with high speeds, which are subjected to short-term shock load. Such oil contains a large number of gray-phosphorus-containing anti-grade additives.

Also very common oil 75W90 with marking - GL-4/5, the presence of two indices indicates the application in different conditions of the load and of different types mechanisms.

Mil Specification

In addition to classification by API, often used american Mil Specification. For 75W90, this is MIL-L 2105 A, B or C. Confirms compliance with technical Conditions All-season transmission oils, Analog API GL-4 or GL-5.

The quality classifier of transmission oils by ZF

Also on the canister with oil 75W-90 can be seen classifier Z., - this is classification system for all types of motor transport. The designation is made by letters and numbers from ZF TE-ML 01 to ZF TE-ML 14.

What is the difference between GL-4 oils from GL-5 75W-90?

As already stipulated a little higher, the appointment of TM oils GL-4. (according to GOST 17479.2-85) - to work in transmissions with conical and hypoid transmissionsoperating at contact voltages up to 3000 MPa and oil temperature up to 150 ° C. By and large, this is the gearboxes of front-wheel drive cars. API. GL-5. - provides reliable operation of hypoid transmission operating with shock loads at stresses above 3000 MPa. Used in gearbox with hypoid conical gears and for the main transfer With a cardan drive in leading bridges (with an increase in increased friction of LSD). Such a transmission fluid provides better defense In high loads and pressures.

Errors when choosing TM 75W90 and the difference between GL 4 and GL 5.

Key feature is that in oils 75W90 API GL-4, two times less gray-phosphoric additives rather than in similar, only class above. Such additives create a special protective coating on details, caution with wear, but this substance is even stronger than the surface of parts from copper or other soft alloys. Therefore, the use of TM is not for the purpose threatened with the wear of the surface of the element made of soft metal. So, in those gearbox, where 75W90 GL-4 should be applied, and the GL-5 is poured, there is a rapid appearance of copper chips, because synchronizers are made of copper, and the gray-phosphoric additive kills them.

Transition from GL-4 to GL-5 and inversely invalid: it miscellaneous oils with different properties and destination.

Rating of the best transmission oils with viscosity 75W90

• Viscosity. Oil must maintain an optimal viscosity as at low temperature, so maintain its binding properties at high temperatures;
• Temperature characteristics. Each liquid has its own temperature and ignition temperatures, TM should have the largest gap between these indicators;
. The higher this figure, the better the product;
• Zadira index. Unfortunately, there are no norms on this index, but the higher the value, the better TM;
. According to GOST, such a value should be no less than 3,000 H;
• Exchange of wear. Such a criterion is determined only for oil class GL-5, it must be less than 0.4 mm.

The top of the best transmission oils does not take into account their cost, and is based on feedback and comparative tests.

For many transmission oil parameters Motul Gear 300. 75W90 ranks first among all subjects. This transmission has the highest levels of protection against scaling (index is 60.1), welding, stability of the oil film without the loss of engine power, average wear indicator (0.75 mm). Although viscous characteristics (especially at minus temperatures) boast and cannot.

Temperature test transmission oils 75W90

The second and third places occupy transmission fluids from Castrol (Syntrans) and Mobil (Mobilube). Butter Castrol Syntrans TRANSAXLE. 75W-90 GL-4 is used in gearboxes, in dispensing boxes and leading bridges. It has a good low-temperature fluidity, but compared with a mobile, the index of the loop is quite large, as for fluid of this class, but the level of wear is even better than that of Motuly (59.4).

TM Mobil Mobilube. You can put in third place because it has good test results on the level of protection and wear at high loads, therefore provides low friction losses at operating temperatures. But, unfortunately, has an insufficient viscosity index at minus temperature.

The fourth result when testing the transmission oil showed oil Total Transmission SYN FE 75W-90. Reviews about this liquid also quite good, although it is universal - has an API GL-4 / GL-5, it will not be suitable for all transmissions. This TM has a level of loop equal to 58.8, which is even better than the leader of the rating of transmission oils 75W90. But it cannot boast the level of wear and good viscosity at low temperature test.

Semi-synthetic transmission oil Liqui Moly Hypoid-Getriebeoil TDL 75W-90 GL-4/5, but also shows well in tests, especially released when tested in minus 40, its fluidity at such a low temperature without problems will allow the box and gearboxes. At the same time, other important indicators are at the average level.

Synthetic oil Zic G-F Top 75W-90 In this rating, we do not turn on, because there are very few data on its wear and bully indicators, although the temperature test passes on excellent. This transmission oil can be used in the MCPP (including synchronized transmissions) and leading bridges. According to the reviews of car owners, significantly reduces the noise of transmission, withstands extreme loads and practically does not have drawbacks.

Also, it is also impossible not to pay attention to the oil TRANSYN 75W-90 API GL 3/4/5 from the manufacturer of EUROL, because looking at the absence of real temperature tests and very high level Wear - 0.94, has a good level of loot - 58.5 and high popularity among motorists.

As you can see, the range of transmission oils 75W90 is large enough and there is always something to choose for your needs and affordable prices. But remember that it is not necessary to select because the neighbor advised, but on the basis of the needs of the transmission of your car and the characteristics of the transmission fluid itself.

Very often car owners face a question whether there is any difference between two transmission fluids GL-4 and GL-5. Each of these oils has a specific purpose. So GL-4 is mainly used for boxes with hypoid or conical gears. This lubricant is suitable for differential mechanisms of leading bridges experiencing small loads. They usually work at low speeds. GL-5 is used in KP, which work in particularly extreme conditions, and very high temperatures.

The main difference between these transmission oils is the presence of an anti-mailing additive. In GL-4, such additives with a large sulfur content contain only 4%. In GL-5, they are much larger - 6.5%. They are more often used in boxes with strongly loaded gears. GL-5 is considered a universal product, it can be used in any mechanical transmission.

Properties of additives

Due to the large concentration, the oil acquires improved anti-promotional properties. It reliably protects the box when high pressure and heavy load.

Additives with gray and phosphorus reliably protect the elements of the transmission. Durable film covering the surface of rubbing parts protects them from premature wear. But at contact with the details of the non-ferrous metal, the strength of such a film is much higher than the surface of the copper part or another made of softer material.

As a result, the protective layer is beginning to quickly wear the surface, as well as the detail surface. If the GL-5 oil pour into the box where GL-4 is required, copper will begin to appear in very considerable volumes. As a result, copper synchronizers will begin failure. Their rapid wear causes additives with increased phosphorus and sulfur content. It is they who become the cause of corrosion on copper components.

A large number of such additives adversely affects the work of metal components of the car. Professionals recommend pouring into synchronized GL-4 lubricant boxes. For the main transfer, the GL-5 oil is considered the ideal option.

In front-wheel drive machines, synchronizers, together with the main transmission, are located in a single block. In this case, the driver himself must decide what is more important for him: reliable protection synchronizers or prevention of the main transmission from the appearance of scaling. Usually, each manufacturer of the transmission recommends that the use of a certain oil brand.

In French production cars, where the mechanical transmission, the wizard is installed, advised to use GL-5 oil. Some companies adhere to another opinion. They believe that GL-4 can be used.

GL-4 lubricant contains much less sulfur. In other words, both of these products have anti-promotional properties. They are aggressively refer to copper. But at the same time manifestation specified characteristics It occurs in different ways.

Right choice

In any case, choose a transmission oil with regard to the specification specified by the car manufacturer. Some motorists go to risk. They allow corrosion of synchronizers and pour oil with elevated anti-ray properties.

When a car has to be operated in very harsh conditions, such an act becomes a necessity. It must be said that semi-automatic gearboxes are also indicated in the specification.

Making a choice lubricantIt is necessary to take into account the properties of the engine. There are cases when the oil level in the box drops sharply. For the topping you need to use only the brand of oil, which was filled earlier.

Only under special circumstances are allowed to mix similar lubricants for the transmission. It is strictly forbidden to mix if they differ in their color. These products are not combined with each other.

Transmission oils of different standards often cause perplexity from motorists. Let's talk about GL-4 and GL-5 oils, discuss their features and determine what their difference is.

How to choose a transmission oil?

Mineral lubrication in economic terms is more profitable. However, one should not chase as cheap. When buying, it is necessary to take into account the main characteristics of various types of oils.

For passenger cars Two groups of transmission oils are used: GL-4 and GL-5. GL-4 oils suitable for front-wheel drive VAZ, and GL-5 can be used for others. russian cars. Find out what kind of oil is suitable for your car, it is not difficult. It is enough to look into the manual for its operation.

GL-4 and GL-5 standards are designed for certain machines. The bay is not the car in the car, you can quickly face the need for serious engine repair. If you have no appropriate documentation at hand, it is better to consult an employee of the service.

The main differences between GL-4 and GL-5

The basic difference between synthetic and mineral oils lies in the viscosity and percentage indicator non-promotional additives (sulfur-phosphoric compounds) in their composition. In GL-4, there are only 4% of them, and in GL-5 - significantly more (6.5%). A large number of additives can lead to corrosion of elements containing copper. Why is this happening? Sulfur-phosphoric elements are created on detail special coatingProtecting with wear. But there is one nuance: this coating is a stronger copper, which leads to abrasion of this soft metal.

Experts recommend using GL-4 in synchronized checkpoints, and for the main transmission or bridge - GL-5. In the case of the use of inappropriate oil, synchronizers are most often affected, which are made precisely from copper. Lubricant With a large number of gray-phosphoric additives leads to their destruction.

conclusions

1. It will be right to use that standard of transmission oil, which indicated the manufacturer in the instructions for the use of the car.
2. Always carry with me the stock of the oil of the same type that you usually use. This is necessary for those cases where the lubrication level in the gearbox decreases sharply, and it is necessary to urgently add lubricant material.