Load on the axis on federal roads. Maximum size and weight of a truck car. Thunderstorms for overload

Among other other requirements imposed directly to the truck, the overload prevention is considered one of the most important. Too heavy cars at times accelerate the wear of the road canvase. In addition, the excess weight often becomes the cause of certain breakdowns of the vehicle, which, in turn, can create an emergency situation or at best the inconvenience of other participants in the movement.

Under the wording "Load" means a pressure of a mass of the vehicle on the canvas road. At the same time, the rear axles are almost always transmitted to the coating significantly lag. The exceptions are situations where the vehicle moves to the empty.

Trucks in relevant classification are divided into two groups. So those that are included in the first (a) are allowed to remove on the roads from the 1st to the 3rd category inclusive. Vehicles that belong to the group b, these restrictions do not have.

In the case of automobile trains, the norms are somewhat different. So, in particular, for trucks:

• equipped with 3 axes, the allowed mass is no more than 28 tons;
• if they are 4, then the norm will be 36 tons;
• at 5 - indicator 40 tons;
• 6 - 44 tons.

Maximum permissible loads are given in the present table:

An important point is the error when calculating may not exceed five percent. Also do not forget about general Rule - Than the axes are closerly located, the greater the load they are transmitted to the canvas.

What's new in 2019

The main amendments touched the rules regulating the carriage of cargo on roads. At the same time, for the vehicle, equipped with three axes, using the second category, the permissible load was determined in the amount of 21st to 22.5 tons, provided that the machine is installed:

• single wheels;
• pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

Weighing trucks Exercised on specialized items located directly on the tracks. Here two techniques are used - dynamic and static. The latter option involves the raising of heavy trucks on scales with a mandatory stop. It features its maximum accuracy.

Dynamic method allows to determine the mass of the vehicle directly in the process of its movement. The driver will sufficiently lose the speed of up to 5 kilometers per hour and drive through the scales platform. The considered variant allows you to determine exactly the axial load. He has one drawback - a serious error that makes up about 3 percent.

What is dangerous overload

Exceeded directly by the manufacturer directly, the maximum load magnitude is strictly prohibited. This requirement exists from Soviet times. For passenger transport There are no such restrictions - there is a violation of the transportation of too much people.

Over all measures loaded car is a potentially dangerous object. He, for example, is able to create an emergency, since it is not able to ride evenly and with proper speed. Processing through the overpass and bridges also sometimes ends with a deplorable, because each such object has a limited margin of safety, that is, it is capable of withstanding not every weight.

Heavy truck speeds up the destruction of the road surface. Sometimes there are separate pits on the tracks, and in some situations and so-called gauges - deepening, squeezed in asphalt passing trucks.

Other unpleasant property and other unpleasant properties are also inherent in the axial loads - they are at times accelerated wear of nodes and automatic units. In this case, such a truck has a longer portion of braking.

Load sensors

To date, more and more carriers use special sensors that allow real-time to determine the load value on the axis. Devices are mounted on the machine, regardless of its type, but have in addition to obvious advantages and a significant drawback - high cost.

The instrument allows you to avoid the overload of the machine, which, in turn, provides an increase in its life. In addition, the sensor is supplied with a communication module with satellites of both GLONASS and GPS, and this helps the transport company's dispatcher track the state of the truck.

Penalties

The legislation provides for responsibility for persons permissible. Punishment is imposed in accordance with Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code. So, in particular:

• citizens and individual entrepreneurs pay up to 2,000 rubles;
• responsible persons - a maximum of 15,000;
• enterprises - up to 400 thousand.

At the same time, according to the law, the punishment is allowed not earlier than weighing the presumably overloaded vehicle.

Load on the car axis
2019 year

Appendix No. 2 to the rules of cargo transportation by car
Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04/15/2011 No. 272

PERMISSIBLE LOAD
On the truck axis

Single axis with a distance between front axles over 2.5 meters

6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Note:

A two-axis group (a group of 2 front axles) with a distance between the front axles to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Two-axis group (a group of 2 front axles) with a distance between the front axles over

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Two-axis group (a group of 2 front axles) with a distance between the front axles over

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Three-axle group (group of 3 front axles) with a distance between the front axles to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Three-axle group (group of 3 front axles) with a distance between the front axles of Over
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Three-axle group (group of 3 front axles) with a distance between the front axles of Over
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Frightened axles having no more than 4 wheels on each axis (group of 4 axes or more) with a distance between the front axles to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Frightened axles having no more than 4 wheels on each axis (group of 4 axes or more) with a distance between the nasty axes above
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Frightened axles having no more than 4 wheels on each axis (group of 4 axes or more) with a distance between the nasty axes above
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Frightened axles having on each axis of 8 or more wheels (group of 4 axes or more) with a distance between the front axles to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Frightened axles having on each axis of 8 or more wheels (group of 4 axes or more) with a distance between the front axles above
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Frightened axles having on each axis of 8 or more wheels (group of 4 axes or more) with a distance between the front axles above
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)

Permissible load on the axis of the car depending on the calculated load on the axis and the number of wheels on the axis

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Location of vehicle axes

Distance between the front axles (meters)

Permissible load on the axis of the wheel vehicle depending on the regulatory (calculated) load on the axis (tons) and the number of wheels on the axis (tons)

for roads designed for load
6 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
10 tons
on the axis

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
on the axis

Single axis (weight coming on the axis)

A two-axis group (the sum of the masses of the axes belonging to the group of 2 close-up axes)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

Three-axle group (the sum of the masses of the axes included in the group of 3 close-up axes)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)

over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)

over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)

Frightened axes vehiclehaving on each axis no more than 4 wheels (load per axis in a group of 4 axes and more)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)

over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)

over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)

Frightened axles of vehicles having on each axis of 8 or more wheels (load per axis in the axis group)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)

over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)

over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)

In case of establishing the owner car expensive The corresponding road signs and placement on its official website of information on the vehicle is permissible for the automotive road.

For vehicles having axis and groups of axes with single-sided wheels equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

A group of retarded axes is grouped axes, constructively combined and (or) not combined into the trolley, with a distance to the nearest axis to 2.5 meters (inclusive).

The mass occurs on the axis, or the sum of the masses of the axes in the axis group.

Notes:

1. In brackets are values \u200b\u200bfor axes with double-tie wheels, without brackets - for axes with single-sided wheels.

2. Two-axis and three-axis groups that have an axis with single-table and double-circuit wheels should be considered as groups of axes that have an axis with single-sided wheels.

3. It is allowed uneven load distribution over the axes for two-axis and three-axis groups if the actual load on the axis group does not exceed the permissible load on the axis group with single-table or double-circuit wheels and the actual load on the most loaded axis in two-axis and three-axis groups does not exceed the permissible axial load of a single axis with Single-table or double wheels, respectively.

4. In the presence of the axes in groups of different values \u200b\u200bof the inter-axis distances, each distance between the axes is assigned the value obtained by the arithmetic averaging method (the sum of all inter-axes in the group is divided by the number of flight distances in the group).

The inter-axes obtained by the arithmetic averaging method is assigned by two-axis and three-axis groups to determine the permissible load.

If the car is exceeded (with a load or without cargo) of the above maximum permissible load on the axis of the car, such a car goes into the category of heavy cars.

Further operation of such a car and carriage of cargo for roads common use Russian Federation possible only if there is special permission.

A special permit for the movement on the motorway roads of the vehicle carrying out the transport of heavy cargo is issued by the Federal Road Agency "Rosavtodor" and the institutions subordinate to it.

Since 2012, it is possible to submit applications for special permits in in electronic format Through a single portal of state and municipal services, posted on the Internet at www.gosuslugi.ru.

Special permission is issued for one trip or a few trips (no more than ten) vehicle on a specific route with a similar cargo having the same characteristic (name, dimensions, weight).

Special permission is issued for up to three months.

The route of the car with exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axis is coordinated with the owners of roads and the state traffic safety inspection.

For registration of one special permit for the movement of the heavy vehicle, payment of the state duty in the amount of 1600 rubles is provided.

For the passage of the car with exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axis on public roads, there is also a fee for compensation for harm caused by road.

The size of the board is calculated for each statement individually when making a special permit in accordance with the methodology and provisions of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 16, 2009 No. 934 "On the compensation of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation."

Responsibility for violation of the rules of movement of a heavy vehicle is provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Responsibility for the exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axis of the car, all persons perpetrators of the specified offense are carrying: a driver, officials responsible for transportation, an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity.

In the case of fixing the administrative offense, working in automatic mode with special technical means that have functions of photo and filming, video recording, the administrative penalty is imposed on the owner (owner) of the vehicle.

Depending on the value of exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axis of the car, measured as a percentage, the responsibility of the responsibility of the perpetrators is changed.

The greater the value of exceeding the maximum allowable load on the axis of the car, the greater the size of the fine imposed on the perpetrators.

Maximum permissible dimensions

Permitted maximum mass
car / vehicle

Administrative responsibility
for violation of the rules of driving heavy cars

Article 12.21.1 Part 1 Administrative Code
Movement of a heavy car with an exception of a permissible load on the axis of the car by a value from 2 to 10 percent without a special permission, or with exceeding the allowed load on the car axis specified in a special resolution, by a value of 2 to 10 percent

Article 12.21.1 Part 2 Administrative Code
Movement of a heavy car with an exception to the allowable load on the axis of the car by more than 10, but not more than 20 percent without a special permission

Article 12.21.1 Part 3 Administrative Code
Movement of a heavy car with an excess of the permissible load on the axis of the car by the amount of more than 20, but not more than 50 percent without a special permission

Article 12.21.1 Part 4 of the Administrative Code
Movement of a heavy car with exceeding the maximum allowable load on the axis of the car specified in a special resolution, by magnitude more than 10, but not more than 20 percent

Article 12.21.1 Ch.5 Code of Administrative Code
The movement of a heavy car with exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axis of the car indicated in a special resolution, by the amount of more than 20, but not more than 50 percent

Article 12.21.1 Ch.6 of the Code of Administrative Code
Movement of a heavy car with an excess of the allowed load on the car axis by more than 50 percent without special permission, or with exceeding the maximum permissible load on the car axis specified in a special resolution, by more than 50 percent

Article 12.21.1 Ch.8 Code of Administrative Code
Providing inappropriate information about the mass or dimensions of cargo in documents for the transported goods or unspecifies in the transport invoice during the transport of large-sized or heavy freights of information about the room, date or period of action of special permission or the route of transportation of such a cargo, if it has led the violation provided by part 1 , 2 or 4 of this article

Article 12.21.1 Ch.9 Code of Administrative Code
The provision of inaccurate information about the mass or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or unspecifies in the transport invoice during the carriage of large or heavy cargoes of information about the room, the date or period of action of a special permit or on the route of transportation of such a cargo, if it caused a violation provided by part 3 , 5 or 6 of this article

Article 12.21.1 Part 201 Code of Administrative Code
Excess the allowed load on the axis of the car, or excess of the maximum permissible load on the car axis specified in a special resolution, legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who carried out cargo in the car

Article 12.21.1, 1.11 Administrative Code
Non-compliance with the requirements prescribed road signsprohibiting the movement of cars, the overall actual mass of which exceeds the indicated on the road sign, if the movement of such cars is carried out without a special permission

Punishment:
fine 5000 rubles

Note:
For administrative offenses, provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, persons carrying out entrepreneurial activities without education legal entityare administrative responsibility as legal entities

New Rules for heavy cargoes

Significant innovations touched from July 1, 2015 all Russian and foreign transport companies, due to changes in payment for transportation large cargo by federal roads by road for 2019.. Now the transportation of heavy cargoes on general use roadways is carried out only under the observance of a number of conditions that are strictly stipulated by existing legislation.

The amount of such payment for heavyweight and large-sized cargoes on federal roads is calculated with:

• the absolute mass of the heavy truck;
• distances between vehicle axes;
• the length of the entire route in which the load should be.

It should be noted that the size of the lines of large-sized cargoes must be communicated to the freight, no later than 3 days before the final coordination of the route.

The procedure for the movement of such goods on the roads of federal subordination of the Russian Federation is defined by a special instruction. At the same time, domestic and foreign users or owners of vehicles are acting advantage of this road collection, which are directly transporting heavy cargo. The passage of the motor vehicles of the above category on the roads of federal subordination should be made only in the presence of special permits, which are issued by authorized departments of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

The cargo distribution by car is done in such a way that the total mass of the vehicle with such a cargo does not exceed the norm set by existing instructions and applications.

Online calculator calculating axial loads

Fast and simple calculation of cargo cargoes

Before buying sewer transport, its owner has a desire to find out the operation costs of this transport provided its full loading. Specifically, to solve this issue, our experts were created Online calculator

After registration in which you can calculate the load limit on the axis, as well as the future expenditure on the operation of transport, with its movement on public roads.

Permissible vehicle masses

Type of vehicle or combination of transport
funds, quantity and location of the axes

Permissible mass
vehicle, tons

Trucks are one of the most common causes of damage to the road linen. That is why on the territory of the Russian Federation there are special rules for the fare of heavy trucks that concern and the weight of the loaded vehicle.

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For overloading motor transport, the COAMA provides for penalties. How much weight truck Let's say the rules? What is considered overload and what is the punishment for overloading the vehicle, read further.

Which weight of trucks is allowed

Monitoring of heavy trucks in the Russian Federation is made by the traffic police in accordance with the following regulatory acts:

• Federal Law No. 237;
• Decree of Government №272.

Documents set:

• permissible mass of freight vehicles with or without trailers;
• maximum permissible loads on the axis of motor vehicles;
• permitted overwhelms;
• rules for transporting goods exceeding permissible norms.

So, checking the weight of the cargo vehicle is made in two parameters:

• permissible mass;
• load on the axis of the truck.

A permissible mass is a parameter that is set by the vehicle manufacturer (indicated in the passport of the car).

Permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia 2019

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On Approval of Cargo Transport Rules by road" Act is emitted April 15, 2011 per number 272. His last editor is dated December 22, 2016 the Code of Administrative Offenses, part of the first act was emitted on December 30, 2001 at the number of the 195-FZ Order of the Ministry of Transport On approval of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road by road "Act was emitted on August 8, 1995 for the number 73, and his last editor was dated October 14, 1999

In conclusion, it should be noted that all person involved in the operation of the facial truck must control the compliance of the permissible and real load on the axis of the cargo machine.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the legislator entails the use of administrative penalties.

It is expressed in the imposition of a fine-size fine.

It is impossible to get a fine for overload, conflicts and deception of customers are excluded;

• the driver or dispatcher from anywhere in the world can control the weight of goods in the car, the sensor is associated with GPS and GLONASS systems and transmits real-time information.

What is possible overload

Article 29 of the Federal Law No. 275 found that drivers do not have the right to use the vehicle if its axis load exceeds the permissible by 2% (taking into account the error). The exceptions are cars that belong to the armed forces, which is confirmed by documents.

The law also found that if the goods weigh more than 20 tons, or it is longer than 20 meters and wider than 2.55 meters, and the height reaches 4 meters, the owner is obliged to obtain an additional agreement for the shipment.

If the size of the goods exceeds 24 meters in length and 3.5 meters wide, the truck should go from the coating machine to which an inflating sign of orange or yellow colors is installed.

Responsibility for violations

Penalties depend on the type of cargo, which transports the driver, for example, dangerous, poisonous, large-sized, etc.

All types of administrative punishments are spelled out in Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code.

Standard are considered 3 fine:

Some loads and high weights require permissions that are also several types and for the lack of each one is supposed to be a separate penalty. There are situations where the cargo on documents does not coincide.

The inspector has no right to write out a fine, if there was no control weighing.

An expert can define an overview on the eye, but it will not be possible to prove it.

If an advantage is detected at the weighing point, the penalty is discharged on a person who operates the car. It may be the owner, a representative or tenant.

Permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia 2019 the latest news

The process is fraught with a certain kind of negative consequences.

For example, a load exceeding the permissible rate is capable of transmitting a significant pressure on the axis that may not withstand it.

Their number includes:

• the emergence of an emergency due to the unstable movement of the overloaded car;
• destruction of roadbed;
• an increase in the length of the braking path of the car with a cargo, which entails an increase in emergency;
• the control of the overloaded car is significantly complicated upon the occurrence of ice, moisturizing asphalt coating;
• loss of the control of a loaded car with its sharp braking, due to the drift of its rear;
• overturning a car with a cargo due to the violation of its stability in the improper distribution of cargo or its fastening;
• increased cargo wear;
• the failure of its details due to the impact of cargo is large compared to the valid norm.

Video: Restrictions

Important nuances

In essence, the cargo vehicle is a car, that is, a motor technical means of movement. Its main purpose is to perform a given function by performing certain movements for the transportation of cargo of various masses and dimensions.

It moves along the ways of communication without rails included in the facilities of the transport infrastructure.

The wording "Automotive" in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law No. 196-FZ refers to the engineering design.

It adapts to the movement of vehicles regardless of their category.

The automotive road includes:

Indicators Description Structural elements Road canvas, coating, parts that are technological part, special strips separating it to certain travel parts and tram tracks, intended for pedestrians of sidewalks protective road designs tools for landscaping, devices that protect the highway from snow avalanches, noise and wind Artificial road facilities Bridges, aqueducts, tunnels, overpass, pipelines Separate parts of the arrangement Road signs of safety, fences, traffic lights, traffic control devices, special devices that perform photo and filming functions, video recorders who record traffic rules violations

A large number of people participate in the road movement, such as cargo and passenger cars, ordinary citizens in the face of passers-by, traffic police officers. The culprit of the road accident can be any person involved in the motion formed on the road.

Each of them is endowed with certain responsibilities that they must fulfill.

They are obliged to comply with the rules to ride the road without creating threats and probable risks on it, danger to those around people.

According to the mass regulations, the mass of the car itself and the cargo must be distributed in proportion to the front and rear axles. For example, one third mass should account for the front axle of a two-room vehicle, and on the back - two thirds.

The prohibition is imposed on the operation of the cargo car if its mass or the load on the axis exceeds a 2% permissible load.

Permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia 2019 Table

In the current situation, the measure of impact in the form of a penalty of sanctions on certain persons is applied, which is noted in part 1 of the COAP, namely in Article 12.21.1.

Its size, depending on the numerical indicator of exceeding the permissible load is for:

When transporting a dangerous cargo it requires a special permission. It is issued by the corresponding Department of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, which is emphasized in order No. 273.

In addition, it should be additionally installed in front and rearly illuminating devices if the load is transported at night or fog in the environment.

Each driver of the cargo machine in accordance with the instructions of the regulatory act "PDD" must establish a special sign.

Measure is carried out if the dimensions of the transported cargo protrude in front of either behind 1 meter and more, and 40 cm on the sides.

What is regulated

Questions about the ownership and operation of trucks are regulated by a number of legislative shareholders.

These include:

Indicators Description The Federal Law "On Automobile Roads and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" Act has been published on November 8, 2007 at number 257-ФЗ.

Maximum load on the axis of a truck in Russia 2019

In brackets are values \u200b\u200bfor dual-sheet wheels, without brackets - for single one.

2. Axes with single-table and double-circuit wheels combined into a group of retarded axes should be considered as pinned axis with single-sided wheels.

For dual and built axes, structurally combined into a common trolley, the allowable axial load is determined by dividing the total permissible load on the cart on the appropriate number of axes.

4. It is allowed to uneven load distribution over the axes for two-axis and three-axis carts, if the total load on the trolley does not exceed the permissible, and the load on the most loaded axis does not exceed the permissible axial load of the corresponding (single-bed or double) single axis.

How to calculate the load

Under the load on the axis, the mass load is implied motor vehicletransmitted to the plane through its wheels.

It is necessary to take into account the essential non-uniformity on the front and rear (rear) axes of the cargo vehicle.

Any calculation will be approximate, since it is not possible to take into account all parameters.

Approximate calculation sequence for a common tractor model + trailer:

• As for the trailer, we accept as 75% of the value obtained. The resulting value is divided by the number of rear axes of the tractor.
  We determine the load on the front axis as 25%. As a result, values \u200b\u200bwere obtained for all axes of the tractor and trailer. It follows to navigate on any maximum value, It is it that is taken into account in weight posts.

On the Internet there are calculators allowing calculations automatically.

Permitted load on the axle of the truck in Russia 2019

Load capacity is about 20 tons;

• container workers are vehicles intended for the transport of containers;
• tensystem are called cars that can be used to transport bulk and liquid cargo;
• avtovoz is applied to move other machines;
• grain-carriers are used to transport grain crops;
• dump trucks are used to transport bulk cargo.

Before some bridges or on some roads, you can see signs 3.12, prohibiting the movement of machines in which the mass on one of the axis exceeds the indicated on the sign.

If the mass is higher, the driver must find another route. If a citizen continues to move, it will automatically be discharged.

The axis load depend on the type of separation and distance between the axes.

Its main goal is to ensure the security of their themselves and in contact with them.

If health condition does not respond to the requirements, they are removed from the performance of functional duties.

In accordance with the regulations of the Federal Law, individuals responsible for certain requirements are allowed to manage the truck.

These include:

1. Possess Russian citizenship.
2. Achievement of adulthood.
3. Accessibility.
4. Driving license estate.
5. Recognition of fitness to the management of a truck as a state of physical health.
6. The presence of registration in the residence.

Each man, a truck manager, should carry civil liability for their actions and inactivity during a ride. He must have both theoretical knowledge on the technical means and practical skills and skills of his driving.

As for the legal entity, it must be registered in state bodies - the Unified Register of Legal Entities and the Federal Tax Service.

Measure allows you to establish its organizational and legal form and status of the tax resident of the Russian state.

Where is checked

Checking the compliance of the permissible load with the conditions of safe driving is carried out by weighing on the checkpoint. The freight control procedure allows you to establish a real mass that affects the axis.

Ways to control the weight of the transported cargo:

Indicators Description Dynamic weighing the car is to be moved not exceeding 5 km / hour by weight by weight installed on the road.

They are able to accurately determine the weight of the car, including the weight of each axis with a small error.
This method allows you to more accurately define the parameters studied.

What perplex allowed, including the axis

In accordance with Article 29, paragraph 2 of the Federal Law No. 235 drivers are prohibited from the operation of the vehicle if the mass of the car or the load on the axis exceeds the norm by more than 2%.

Except from this rule There are any types of vehicles belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

How calculated

In order not to get administrative punishment before transporting goods, it is recommended to calculate the mass of the car and the load on each axis of the car.

Mass of vehicles and axial load are related to the following ratio:

Auto weight \u003d load on the front axle + load on the axis 2 + ... + load on the axis n

For example, for a car, gas 3302 having two axes, this ratio has the following form:

3200 (maximum or full mass Auto) \u003d 1200 (load on the front axle) + 2300 (load on the rear axle).

If the calculation is made for a trailer consisting of tractor and trailer, then to determine parameters, you should be guided by the following instruction:

• in accordance with the passport data, we determine the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer;
• we learn from the supplier the actual weight of the cargo. This parameter must be reflected in the invoice;
• the load between the tractor and the trailer, as a rule, is distributed in accordance with 25% by 75%, respectively.
  From here you can calculate the load on the trailer, which is 0.75 * (mass of the trailer + weight of the cargo);
• according to the rules, the load on the trailer extends evenly on each axis. Knowing the mass of the trailer with the cargo and the number of axes can be determined which load applies to each axis (the mass of the trailer with the load / number of axes);

On such types of posts of weight control, the movement of equipment from place to place is prohibited;

• on mobile posts equipped based on a cargo van. Mobile posts can be changed in accordance with the regulations.

Weight control can be carried out in two ways:

dynamic. The vehicle makes movement in a certain place equipped with special sensors at a speed of no more than 5 km / h.

For this method determining the parameters of the mass and axial load The measurement error may be up to 3%;

Among other other requirements imposed directly to the truck, the overload prevention is considered one of the most important. Too heavy cars at times accelerate the wear of the road canvase.

In addition, the excess weight often becomes the cause of certain breakdowns of the vehicle, which, in turn, can create an emergency situation or at best the inconvenience of other participants in the movement.

What is the permitted load on the axis of a truck car, you will learn from the table given in this article. We also tell about a number of important nuances relating to this issue.

Trucks, in accordance with the standards of the current federal law, can be allowed to road traffic Without a special permission, if only their weight does not exceed 44 tons.

In 2015, these changes were made to the existing rules governing the use cargo transport.

Loads, which come on both the back and the front axle of the car are clearly regulated. Excess the indicator is a punishable act.

Under the wording "Load" means a pressure of a mass of the vehicle on the canvas road. At the same time, the rear axles are almost always transmitted to the coating significantly lag.

Trucks in relevant classification are divided into two groups. So those that are included in the first (a) are allowed to remove on the roads from the 1st to the 3rd category inclusive.

Common limit values \u200b\u200bof the mass of the machines are indicated here:

In the case of automobile trains, the norms are somewhat different.

up to 1.3 (inclusive)

from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)

from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Frightened axles of trucks, car tractors, saddle tractacles, trailers and semi-trailers, with the number of axes more than three at a distance between the axes (one axis load)

up to 1 (inclusive)

from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)

from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)

from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Frightened axles of vehicles having on each axis of eight and more wheels (load on one axis)

up to 1 (inclusive)

from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)

from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)

from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Note to the table:

General concepts

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In 2013, the legislator introduced new types of categories and subcategories, which was dictated by the emergence of new types of vehicles in the country. To date, there are ten categories and six subcategories of vehicles on standards of legislative acts.

They are divided according to a certain type, which has characteristics characteristic and distinctive features characteristic.

What it is

Under the expression "cargo car" means a technical means intended for transportation of cargo. It is transported in the bodies or on a specially equipped platform.

Its allowed mass should be proportioned by the amount of load on the front and rear axles.

If the mass of the truck together with the weight of the cargo is more than 80 tons, then the auto inspectorate consists of a certain route of the vehicle's movement, taking into account the admissibility of trains in certain areas (including the bridges) of the track.

The second parameter is the load on the axis is a load that is transmitted to the road with the wheels of one axis of the vehicle.

The load on the rear axle in all cases is greater than the load on the front axle, since most of the trucks have a cargo compartment behind, and the engine and other automobile units are located at the front.

To control the axial load of the vehicle, the concept of "maximum axial load" was introduced, which implies the load from the largest axis of the vehicle.

The maximum axial load is the basis for the introduction of restrictions of the passage of certain types of motor vehicles on the roads.

These restrictions are referred to by the corresponding road signs, for example, when you entered the limit to 5t on the axis, the following sign is set:

Permissible axial loads are indicated in Appendix 2 to the Government Decree No. 272:

Note:

• for single-handed wheels, the parameter is indicated without brackets;
• for dual-sheet wheels, the parameter is indicated in brackets;
• "*" Is permissible in the case of the presence of relevant road signs and information on official Internet resources;
• "**" for cars, which are equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

Who and where is checked

Checking the mass of the cargo car and the axial load is made by the traffic police inspector:

• in stationary posts that are installed in certain places (as a rule, when leaving or accessing to settlement).

The article is written on the materials of the sites: Proekt-007.ru, www.sespel.com, NordConsulting.ru.

The Government of the Russian Federation decides:

1. To approve the attached, which are made to the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transport of heavy cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation.

Changes
which are entered into the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transport of heavy cargo on roads of the Russian Federation
(approved government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12)

1. In the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2009 No. 934 "On the compensation of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo on roads of the Russian Federation" (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2009, No. 47, Art. 5673; 2011 , № 17, Art. 2415):

a) in the rules of compensation for harm caused by transportation vehicles carrying out heavy cargo approved by this resolution:

paragraph 1 adds the following paragraphs:

"For the purposes of these rules under the vehicle transporting heavy cargo, the vehicle is understood, including a specialized and special vehicle, or a combination of vehicles (road tray), the mass of which with a load or without cargo exceeds the allowable masses of vehicles and (or ) Permissible axial loads set:

Rules for the carriage of goods by road, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b"On approval of the rules of cargo transportation by road";

by the decision on the temporary restriction of the movement of vehicles on road;

prohibiting road signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and (or) 3.12 "Limitation of the mass per capita". ";

in paragraph 5:

in the first word paragraph of the word "fee for damage to compensation is determined depending on" to replace with the words "the size of the board at the expense of harm compensation is determined in the manner prescribed by the method of calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargoes, according to the application and is calculated depending on from";

in subparagraph "a":

in the first paragraph after the words "the Government of the Russian Federation," to add the words "for prohibiting road signs 3.11" Mass limit "and (or) 3.12" Limiting the mass per capita on the axis of the vehicle ";

in paragraphs, the second and third word "extremely" exclude;

in paragraphs, the seventh of paragraph 6, the word "extremely" exclude;

supplement the rules with the following content:

"Application
to the rules of compensation for harm
caused by transport
means carrying out
transportation of heavy cargoes

Methodik
calculation of the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo

1. This technique determines the procedure for calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the carriage of heavy cargo (hereinafter referred to as vehicles).

2. When determining the amount of harm caused by vehicles, takes into account:

the value of exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible axial loads and vehicle mass, including during the introduction of temporary restrictions on road traffic;

road clothing type;

location of the automotive road in the Russian Federation;

the value of the road.

3. The amount of harm caused by vehicles, when exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible axial loads per axis * calculated by the formulas:

* (for roads with solid coating),

* (for roads with clothing transient),

* - the coefficient, taking into account the conditions of the road-climatic zones, shown in Table 2;

* - coefficient, taking into account the natural climatic conditions. It is assumed to be equal to one with adverse climatic conditions, the remainder is taken equal to 0.35;

* - The initial value of the amount of harm caused by vehicles, when exceeding allowable axial loads for the automotive road by 5 percent, shown in Table 1;

* - the excess of the actual axial load above the allowed for the highway, tons / axis;

N - regulatory (calculated) axial load for the highway, tons / axis;

a, B - the constant coefficients shown in Table 1.

4. The amount of harm caused by vehicles, when exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible mass * calculated by the formula:

* - coefficient taking into account the relative cost of work on overhaul and repair depending on the location of the road in the Russian Federation, shown in Table 2;

* - the coefficient of influence of the vehicle mass depending on the location of the automotive road in the Russian Federation, shown in Table 2;

c, D - the constant coefficients shown in Table 1;

* - the excess of the actual mass of the vehicle above the permissible, interest;

Table 1

table 2

b) the application to the resolution shall be amended as follows:

"Application
to the Government Decree
Russian Federation
of November 16, 2009 № 934
(as amended by the Resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated January 9, 2014 № 12)

Indicators
the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo when driving such vehicles on roads of federal significance

Table 1

The size
harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo when driving such vehicles on the automobile roads of the federal value, designed for the regulatory (calculated) axial load of 10 tons / axis, due to exceeding the permissible axial loads on each axis of the vehicle

table 2

The size
harm caused by vehicles carrying out the carriage of heavy cargo when driving such vehicles on roads of federal significance, designed for a regulatory (calculated) axial load of 11.5 tons / axis, due to exceeding the permissible axial loads on each axis of the vehicle

Note. During the period of temporary restrictions of the movement of vehicles on roads due to the adverse climatic conditions, the value of the harm size set in the present table is increased by 2.9 times.

Table 3.

The size
harm caused by vehicles transporting heavy cargoes when driving such vehicles on roads of federal significance due to exceeding the permissible mass of the vehicle

Note. When determining the amount of harm in accordance with Table 3 for roads of regional, intermunicipal, local and private roads, multiplied the value of the harm size to the coefficient K, the meanings of which are shown in Table 4.

Table 4.

2. In the rules for the carriage of goods by road, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b"On Approval of Cargo Transport Rules by road" (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2011, No. 17, Art. 2407; 2012, No. 10 , Art. 1223):

a) paragraph five of paragraph 5 shall be amended as follows:

"Heavy cargo - a cargo, the mass of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds the permissible masses of vehicles in accordance with Appendix No. 1 or permissible axial loads of vehicles in accordance with Appendix No. 2;";

b) paragraph 75 recognize the invalid strength;

c) Applications number 1 and 2 to the indicated rules shall be stated as follows:

"Appendix No. 1
to the rules of cargo transportation
by car
(as amended by the Resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated January 9, 2014 № 12)

Permissible vehicle masses

Appendix No. 2.
to the rules of cargo transportation
by car
(as amended by the Resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated January 9, 2014 № 12)

Permissible axial vehicle loads

_____________________________

* In case of establishing the owner of the automotive road of the respective road signs and placement on its official website, the vehicle is permissible for the automotive road.

** For vehicles with single-sided wheels, equipped with a pneumatic and equivalent suspension.

Notes: 1. In brackets are values \u200b\u200bfor double-screw wheels, outside brackets - for single-sided.

2. Axis with single-sided and double-circuit wheels combined into a group of naked axes should be considered as an epipped axis with single-handed wheels, with the exception of a two-axis trolley with an unloaded axis.

3. For dual and built axes, structurally combined into a common trolley, the allowable axial load is determined by dividing the total load on the trolley to the appropriate number of axes.

4. A permissible axial load for a two-axis truck with an unloaded axis is taken equal to a ratio of 60 percent of the permissible load on a two-axis trolley for the drive axis and 40 percent for an unloaded axis. "

Overview of the document

The rules for compensation for harm caused by the vehicle carrying heavy loads are adjusted.

It is enshrined that in mind there is a vehicle (including a specialized and special) or a combination of vehicle (auto tray), the mass of which with a load or without cargo exceeds the permissible masses of TS and (or) permissible axial loads.

Mass, loads can be established by the rules for the carriage of goods by road, the decision on the temporary limitation of the TC movement on roads, prohibiting road signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and (or) 3.12 "Limiting the mass per axle of the vehicle."

Installed method for calculating the size of harm.

When calculating, the value of exceeding the values \u200b\u200bof permissible loads and mass, the type of road clothing, the value, as well as the location of the road in Russia is taken into account.

Indicators of harm size are set out in a new edition.

In general, the amendments will lead to an increase in the amount of compensation.

Also adjusted the rules for the carriage of goods by road.

They provide that divided goods are placed on the vehicle so that the total mass of the vehicle with the cargo does not exceed 40 tons. Delimible cargo on automobile trains in the composition of a 3-axis tractor and a 2- or 3-axis semi-trailer carrying a 40-foot container ISO, it is placed so that the total weight of the TC with the load does not exceed 44 tons, and the axial load did not exceed 11.5 tons.

Amendments, these norms are excluded.

Tables "Maximum permissible masses of vehicles" and "maximum permissible axial loads of vehicles" are set forth in the new edition.

Trucks ride across the country, increasing wear is expensive and creating emergency situations. To reduce risks, the Limits of the transported goods are established. From the load table on the axis of the truck in 2019, it is possible to determine if the inspector will have a reason to impose a fine.

The overloaded truck is unsafe for the driver and others, which can entail an accident or a forced stop.

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To avoid problems on the roads, it is necessary to know the rules and fines for overloading on the axes, since this problem often arises among the drivers.

What it is

The load on the axis is considered to be the pressure of the cargo on the mass of the machine, which is transmitted to the road surface with axes when moving. The mass of the car and the load on the axis are interconnected, since the first is the amount of loads on both axis.

The pressure on the rear axle is almost always more, but depends on the type cargo platform At the back of the transport. The main load is made up force aggregate and driver's cabin.

To know which limit is laid during transport, it is necessary to understand the types of vehicles:

• shadows and semi-trailers are the most popular on Russian roads. Used to transport any cargo. Loading occurs on any side, load capacity is about 25 tons;
• refrigerators or semi-trailers are used to transport perishable raw materials. They are equipped with refrigerators that can maintain the temperature from +25 to -25. Load capacity is about 20 tons;
• avtoCut is called a car with a trailer, which is very convenient to load and unload. They transport any small cargoes, capacity is from 15 to 25 tons;
• jumbo is considered trailers that accommodate more than others. The trailer is similar to the letter "g", has a small diameter of the wheels, so it allows you to put more product. Load capacity is about 20 tons;
• container workers are vehicles intended for the transport of containers;
• tensystem are called cars that can be used to transport bulk and liquid cargo;
• avtovoz is applied to move other machines;
• grain-carriers are used to transport grain crops;
• dump trucks are used to transport bulk cargo.

Before some bridges or on some roads, you can see signs 3.12, prohibiting the movement of machines in which the mass on one of the axis exceeds the indicated on the sign.

If the mass is higher, the driver must find another route. If a citizen continues to move, it will automatically be discharged.

Permissible load

The axis load depend on the type of separation and distance between the axes. Top 2019 data available in the table:

How to calculate

To avoid a fine for ignorance for exceeding the load on the axis, you can independently calculate the valid value for a specific machine.

Alone

Truck mass \u003d load on the front axle + load on 2 axis + load on subsequent axis

Suppose a citizen has a 3302 gas with two axes, for him the formula will look like this:

1200 Load on the front axle + 2300 Load on the rear axle \u003d 3200 Maximum allowable value

• information is taken from trailer and car passport data;
• it is necessary to learn from the goods supplier the actual weight, it is also indicated in the invoice;
• the load is distributed in accordance with 25% to 75% between the tractor and the trailer, so the load on the trailer is considered as follows: 0.75 * (weight of the cargo + trailer weight);
• the load should be distributed evenly on each axis if the driver knows the number of axes and a mass of the trailer with a cargo, it can determine the load size for each axis;
• to determine the load on the axis, it will be necessary to make data to the following formula: the mass of the trailer with the cargo * 0.25 * the mass of the car;
• the load on the front axle is always 25% of the entire load on the machine, the remaining 75% fall on the rear axle.

On an online calculator

Any driver can independently check the load on the axis of road trains, trucks and tractors using a convenient online calculator

The calculation is required not only to private owners, but also to legal entities that transport cargo of any kind or are going to order transportation services from specialists.

Suppose a citizen owns a semi-trailer with 4 sides. To calculate the load on the axis, it is required to ask the weight of the cargo of each side, as if there were 4 containers with goods in the car.

As checked

Control weighing occurs at special points located on the highway. Experts determine the load on the axis and the overload of the truck. There are 2 methods of verification:

• static;
• dynamic.

Both methods are popular in Russia. Static weighing involves the production of cars for special scales. This way you can find out the weight of the car at the moment. Dynamic weighing occurs at the slow motion of the car. Using it, loads for each axis separately are determined.

Most often, the vehicle is traveling by weight at a speed of up to 5 km / h. The minus of the dynamic check is the error, which is up to 3% per axis.

In Russia, they almost always use electronic scales to which the driver starts the car with a ramp. Not at all points have several types of scales, so you do not have to choose.

Load sensor

Text inside Info Blokaven 2019 is the ability to install special sensors that minimize the percentage of error. They are mounted on board the car and allow you to check the load on any of the axes at any time of the movement.

Sensors are universal, they are installed on any cars with different suspension. The system is expensive, but the maximum simplifies the calculation of load capacity when loading and unloading goods.

The main advantages of load sensors can be allocated:

• the driver can control the load at any time of movement. It is impossible to get a fine for overload, conflicts and deception of customers are excluded;
• the driver or dispatcher from anywhere in the world can control the weight of goods in the car, the sensor is associated with GPS and GLONASS systems and transmits real-time information.

What is possible overload

Article 29 of the Federal Law No. 275 found that drivers do not have the right to use the vehicle if its axis load exceeds the permissible by 2% (taking into account the error). The exceptions are cars that belong to the armed forces, which is confirmed by documents.

The law also found that if the goods weigh more than 20 tons, or it is longer than 20 meters and wider than 2.55 meters, and the height reaches 4 meters, the owner is obliged to obtain an additional agreement for the shipment.

If the size of the goods exceeds 24 meters in length and 3.5 meters wide, the truck should go from the coating machine to which an inflating sign of orange or yellow colors is installed.

If the goods exceed 30 meters long and 4 meters wide, a special permission is required. Such a cargo is always accompanied by a traffic police machine.

Responsibility for violations

Penalties depend on the type of cargo, which transports the driver, for example, dangerous, poisonous, large-sized, etc. All types of administrative punishments are spelled out in Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code.

Standard are considered 3 fine:

Some loads and high weights require permissions that are also several types and for the lack of each one is supposed to be a separate penalty. There are situations where the cargo on documents does not coincide.

After rechecking on the scales (or on sensors, if installed), the inspector has the right to write a fine of 5,000 rubles for individuals and from 100,000 rubles for organizations.

The inspector has no right to write out a fine, if there was no control weighing. An expert can define an overview on the eye, but it will not be possible to prove it.

If an advantage is detected at the weighing point, the penalty is discharged on a person who operates the car. It may be the owner, a representative or tenant. If the driver hired a firm, the penalty pays a legal entity.

If the overload was discovered by the cameras and the fine came automatically, it always pays the owner of the TC. It may require reimbursement of funds from a shipper or tenant if their illegal activities led to punishment.

Overload over the axes is a serious administrative violation, as it leads to the destruction of the road surface and creates emergency situations on the roads. The driver feels worse than the car, it slows longer and can go to the drift when turning.

To track violations, weight control points are installed on the roads, and the traffic police inspectors are always ready to finish everyone who made a transcend on the axes.

Trucks are one of the most common causes of damage to the road linen. That is why on the territory of the Russian Federation there are special rules for the fare of heavy trucks that concern and the weight of the loaded vehicle.

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Applications and calls are accepted around the clock and seven days a week..

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For overloading motor transport, the COAMA provides for penalties. What is the weight of the cargo car to let the rules? What is considered overload and what is the punishment for overloading the vehicle, read further.

Which weight of trucks is allowed

Monitoring of heavy trucks in the Russian Federation is made by the traffic police in accordance with the following regulatory acts:

Documents set:

• permissible mass of freight vehicles with or without trailers;
• maximum permissible loads on the axis of motor vehicles;
• permitted overwhelms;
• rules for transporting goods exceeding permissible norms.

So, checking the weight of the cargo vehicle is made in two parameters:

• permissible mass;
• load on the axis of the truck.

A permissible mass is a parameter that is set by the vehicle manufacturer (indicated in the passport of the car). The mass allowed for use consists of the weight of the car itself and the weight of the cargo being transported.

For example, in the TCP it is indicated that the allowed maximum mass of the car is 25 tons. In this case, the weight of the vehicle is 9 tons. This means that the owner of the car can carry the load with a mass of no more than 25-9 \u003d 16 tons.

The permissible masses of individual types of trucks and road trains are listed in Appendix 1 to the Government Decision No. 272:

If the mass of vehicles with a cargo is more than 44 tons, then for the passage of the road train (truck) requires the design of a special permission, which indicates the route of movement and the time of shipment and arrival.

If the mass of the truck together with the weight of the cargo is more than 80 tons, then the auto inspectorate consists of a certain route of the vehicle's movement, taking into account the admissibility of trains in certain areas (including the bridges) of the track.

The second parameter is the load on the axis is a load that is transmitted to the road with the wheels of one axis of the vehicle.

The load on the rear axle in all cases is greater than the load on the front axle, since most of the trucks have a cargo compartment behind, and the engine and other automobile units are located at the front.

To control the axial load of the vehicle, the concept of "maximum axial load" was introduced, which implies the load from the largest axis of the vehicle.

The maximum axial load is the basis for the introduction of restrictions of the passage of certain types of motor vehicles on the roads.

These restrictions are referred to by the corresponding road signs, for example, when you entered the limit to 5t on the axis, the following sign is set:

Permissible axial loads are indicated in Appendix 2 to the Government Decree No. 272:

Note:

• "*" Is permissible in the case of the presence of relevant road signs and information on official Internet resources;
• "**" for cars, which are equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

Who and where is checked

Checking the mass of the cargo car and the axial load is made by the traffic police inspector:

• in stationary posts, which are installed in certain places (as a rule, when leaving or an entrance to the settlement). On such types of posts of weight control, the movement of equipment from place to place is prohibited;

  

• on mobile posts equipped based on a cargo van. Mobile posts can be changed in accordance with the regulations.



Weight control can be carried out in two ways:

1. dynamic. The vehicle makes movement in a certain place equipped with special sensors at a speed of no more than 5 km / h. With this method of determining the parameters of the mass and axial load, the measurement error may be up to 3%;
2. statistical. Measurements are made on scales after a complete vehicle stop. This method allows you to more accurately define the parameters studied.

What perplex allowed, including the axis

In accordance with Article 29, clause 2 drivers are prohibited from the operation of the vehicle, if the mass of the car or the load on the axis exceeds the norm by more than 2%.

An exception to this rule is any types of vehicles belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

How calculated

In order not to get administrative punishment before transporting goods, it is recommended to calculate the mass of the car and the load on each axis of the car.

Mass of vehicles and axial load are related to the following ratio:

Auto weight \u003d load on the front axle + load on the axis 2 + ... + load on the axis n

For example, for a car, gas 3302 having two axes, this ratio has the following form:

3200 (maximum or complete mass of auto) \u003d 1200 (load on the front axle) + 2300 (load on the rear axle).

If the calculation is made for a trailer consisting of tractor and trailer, then to determine parameters, you should be guided by the following instruction:

• in accordance with the passport data, we determine the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer;

  

• we learn from the supplier the actual weight of the cargo. This parameter must be reflected in the invoice;

  

• the load between the tractor and the trailer, as a rule, is distributed in accordance with 25% by 75%, respectively. From here you can calculate the load on the trailer, which is 0.75 * (mass of the trailer + weight of the cargo);
• according to the rules, the load on the trailer extends evenly on each axis. Knowing the mass of the trailer with the cargo and the number of axes can be determined which load applies to each axis (the mass of the trailer with the load / number of axes);
• next, the load on the axis of the car is determined. To do this, we need a mass of the trailer with a load * 0.25 + mass of cars;
• the load on the rear axle is 75% of the entire load on the machine and 25% on the front axle.

For example, the mass of the car according to the passport is 5 tons, and the mass of the three-axis trailer is 10 tons. It is planned to transport a weight of 15 tons.

That is the full mass of cars 30 t

To determine the overload, use the table presented in Appendix 2 to the Government Decree No. 272.

The table shows the permissible values \u200b\u200bfor certain types of transport and percentage deviations from the values \u200b\u200bobtained and will be overloaded.

For example, normative values \u200b\u200bfor a tractor consisting of a tractor and a three-axis semi-trailer are:

After checking in the weight control point it turned out that the loads are distributed as follows:

Overload will be:

The permissible mass of the road train is equal to:

8 * 3 + 10,5 + 11.5 \u003d 46 t

The mass of the loaded car in the specified example is:

12.8 * 3 + 8.3 + 17.5 \u003d 64.2 t

This means that in the example, the example is also allowed by the permitted maximum mass in the amount of 18.2 tons

How the excess is punishable

For the deviation of the maximum allowed mass or load on the axis, administrative responsibility is provided.

Individual entrepreneur

In accordance with the note to Article 12.21.1, individual entrepreneurs are responsible as legal entities.

Legal entity

What punishment is provided Administrative code For overvolving vehicles? Is there an exceptionally penalties or law?

We will understand in more detail:

1. If the excess of the allowed mass or load on any axis of a truck or road train is in the range of 2% - 10%, then the following sanctions will be applied (Article 12.21.1. Main 1):
   
2. If the overview of the axis or car is more than 10%, but less than 20%, then Article 12.21.1, part 2 of the COAP provides for the following sanctions:
   
3. If the motor transport is in the range of 20% - 50%, then (Article 12.21.1. Main 3):
   
4. If, after the inspection, the overload will be more than 50%, then (Article 12.21.1. Part 6):
   

The overloaded car both passenger and cargo is a big danger to the driver and other participants in the movement. In addition, it creates an increased load for the roadway, which suffers in any case. How to calculate overload, and what are the fines for riding with violations today? Every driver must understand its responsibility and know that he threatens.

Permissible mass of vehicles

In the summer of 2015, a change in the relevant acts about the carriage of goods russian roads. Based on this document, new norms of car permissible mass were introduced.

For example, weight Limit Machines that have the right without additional permission to travel to the road is 44 tons. This is the maximum maximum.

For passenger cars, such norms, of course, does not exist. But does this mean that you can overload your car and ride unpunished? The limit still exists. It was concluded that it is forbidden to transport a large number of passengers. This is punishable by the appropriate fine.

In terms of cargo transport, the axis load rule is valid. it the most important moment When calculating. In order to understand how the load is calculated, you need to figure out the simplest concepts.

So all cars are divided into two classes:

1. "A" - three categories operated on the tracks: the first, second and third, respectively.
2. "B" - carried out movement on any road.

The permissible values \u200b\u200bare indicated below.

First of all, for cars:

• with two axes - 18 tons;
• with three axes - 25 tons;
• with four axes - 32 tons;
• with five axes - 35 tons.

As for road trains, other standards are installed for them:

• with three axes - 28 tons;
• with four axes - 36 tons;
• with five axes - 40 tons;
• with six axes and more - 44 tons.

How to calculate?

The load calculation is made by complex formula. It is also necessary to take into account the maximum mass for the roads of a certain category. The load of the truck is distributed as follows: it is less on the front axis, it is much higher on the back (or rear).

When the car travels to the scales in the post, the control officer enjoys a special reference book where a huge number of vehicle types are collected and a detailed load on their axis is painted. Consider a few examples and we define how it adds to each axis.

The cargo "Gazelle" has two axes: front and rear. The total weight of the car is formed by the formula:

M Ts \u003d n in + n zo, where:

It would seem that everything is simple, but for other vehicles it is not always possible to apply this formula. Three-axle cars with two combined axes need to be calculated otherwise. For example, take the car "KAMAZ" -53215. The calculation is already under the formula:

M TS \u003d N P + N T, where:

• M TS is a mass of vehicle;

Table

Consider the table of permissible loads. Note that the norms are given for each axis.

The calculation should be made as accurately as possible, since the error may be no more than 5%. The closer the axis is located to each other, the stronger the pressure on the road canvas. This explains the dependence on the distance.

Legislative restrictions of other countries

By sending a loaded car outside Russia or for a commodity, it is important to explore the legislation to avoid fines that can significantly affect the budget.

Below is a table with which you can determine the full permissible mass of cars in some countries.

Transport companies carefully study the information and laws of other countries and insure those who addressed them.

Statistical and dynamic weighing

At special paragraphs, located on the track, the control weighing occurs in order to determine whether the car is overloaded, and what is the load on the axis.

Weigh it in two ways:

• in statics;
• in dynamics.

Both of these methods are applied today, find out what their difference. So, weighing in the statics happens like this: the car comes on the scales and stops. This method determines the exact weight of the vehicle at the moment.

Weighing in the dynamics occurs at the slow motion of the vehicle. This method is necessary to determine the load on each axis. The car moves by weight at a speed not higher than 5 km / h.

The only minus of such a way is the error that you need to know. Maximum it can be 3%.

All scales used today at weighing items, mainly electronic. Entry on them is made using a ramp. Not always in one post are installed at once two types of scales.

Responsibility for overload

Undoubtedly, all citizens having cars know that there is a responsibility for overload. Most often with this facing truck drivers. The owners of the passenger vehicles for the most part are not thinking about overloading in general.

The maximum allowable mass of the car, if you do not take into account the load on the axis, is installed even until the machine can come down from the conveyor. In each document on the vehicle there is a line about this moment.

The manufacturer itself knows what load can withstand the car. This is affected by many factors: from parts used in production, up to the distance between the axes.

What does the overload lead to?

Responsibility for overload is very serious. Similar actions sometimes lead to serious consequences, among them:

1. Creating an emergency. The overloaded car moves along the road is not stable. In addition, the load creates pressure on the axis, which may not withstand at one point.
2. Destruction of the roadway. It is difficult to argue with this, but overloaded cars really break the roads. Pits on them are a huge problem of the country, fines are not always able to cover the damage.
3. Details of the car and its parts come into disrepair, obsolete and breaks the vehicle itself.
4. If the car is overloaded, the deceleration path will be longer, which will create an additional risk of an emergency.

These are not all factors, on the basis of which drivers can strictly fly.

Freight car

Cargo vehicles also need to be remembered how to properly transport certain types of cargo:

• large;
• dangerous and others.

Penalties for violation are provided for Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code. They are divided into three types:

• for an individual - 1500-2000 rubles;
• for an official - up to 15,000 rubles;
• for a legal entity - up to 400,000 rubles.

In some cases, during the carriage of goods, permission may be needed. If it is not, then you are also waiting for a fine.

In some situations, when documents are issued on the goods, and the weight does not coincide with what is presented in the papers, an additional inspector may impose a fine of 5,000 rubles. For companies, it will increase at least 50 times.

The traffic police inspector does not have the right to write a fine if the control weighing has not happened. It is possible to determine the overload to the eye, but it is impossible to prove it in any way.

A car

In the Code of Administrative Offenses, there is not a word about overloading passenger vehicles. No one weighs them on the road. In this case, the inspector may find a different reason in order to write a fine.

Those who load a car Under the string, they know how it affects manageability, drifts and wear of parts. Most often drivers passenger cars We write out a penalty for incorrect passenger transportation. They can be placed exactly as much as approved in the documents.

Penalties are as follows:

• a warning;
• 500 rubles for violation of transport rules;
• 1000 rubles for not a fastened seat belt.

So, the overview of the car is a serious violation for which the responsibility is provided. Before you go to the road, read the rules. If a transport companies Take all responsibility for ourselves, then the private driver will have to answer independently.