Tsu traction coupling. Coupling device for a light trailer from A to V. What is a towing hitch

In road trains, for the articulated connection of the tractor and the trailer and the possibility of their quick coupling-uncoupling, as well as the transmission of vertical and longitudinal loads, towing devices of various designs are used.

A significant number of manufacturers are engaged in the release of towing couplings (Hitch), among which the most famous are Jost, Rockinger (since 2001, part of Jost. - Approx. ed.), Ringfeder (since 1997 part of VBG - Ed.), Helmut Buer GmbH & Co. KG (Germany), Georg Fisher (Switzerland), Coder Ture (France), V. Orlandi (Italy), VBG (Sweden), York (UK), Fontaine Truck Equipment, SAF-Holland, Utility Trailer (USA), etc. Russian manufacturers should also be added to this list.

The towing hitch devices are designed to transfer large longitudinal and insignificant vertical forces, which should not exceed 10 ... 15 kN. This is their main functional feature. Such mechanisms must be highly reliable, provide appropriate folding angles of the road train, the possibility of quick and safe coupling and uncoupling, and damping of dynamic loads while the road train is in motion. Basically, the towing hitch consists of a detachable coupling and shock-absorbing mechanisms, as well as fastening elements. It is clear that the design of the towing couplers significantly affects such important operational qualities of the road train as handling, directional stability, maneuverability, smoothness, cross-country ability, reliability and safety.

According to the type of the detachable coupling mechanism, the towing hitch is divided into three main types: hook (hook – loop pair), fork or pivot (king pin – loop pair) and ball (ball – hemisphere pair). Other types of significant distribution in commercial vehicles are not found, and therefore are not considered.

Ball-type trailer hitch

Towing couplings of the ball-hemisphere (ball-loop) type are often, although somewhat mistakenly, called towbars. They are used for towing caravans and light trailers with a total weight of up to 3.5 tons by a vehicle. Structurally, such mechanisms are made in the form of single-axle trailers or trailers with a double or three-axle centrally located bogie. Typically, the trucks are cars, pick-ups, minibuses and light trucks. All requirements for a TSU of this type are set out in the ISO 1103 standard and the corresponding domestic GOST 28248–89, GOST 30600–97 and OST 37.001.096–84.

A towing ball is installed on a towing vehicle (GOST 28248 provides for a single ball diameter of 50 mm), and a reciprocal coupling head (sphere) is mounted on the drawbar of the towed trailer. An important point for the entire structure of the towing hitch, it is fastened to such elements of the body or frame of the tractor, which will withstand the required number of cycles of loading with periodic loads and ultimate static loads. Consequently, the sufficient bearing capacity of the towbar is determined by the correct choice of its structural dimensions, that is, by the correspondence of the strength of the device to the loads acting on it during operation. Ball-type towing hitch according to the requirements of the standards must be tested for fatigue strength of the structure. In addition to the mechanical connection, the towing hitch provides an electrical connection between the electrical equipment of the traction vehicle and the equipment of the towed trailer.

Towed trailers are divided into light and heavy - permissible maximum mass, respectively, no more than 750 and over 750 kg. According to the type of ball and the fastening of the ball-type towing hitch, they differ in versions - A, B, C, F, G, H and N. Low-tonnage "Sables", "GAZelles" and "Bychki" in most cases complete the towing hitch of type F with a carrying capacity of up to 2 tons, equipped with a forged ball with two fixing holes.

Hook type tow bar

In our country, hook-and-loop devices are most widely used due to far from optimal road conditions. Such tow hitch is distinguished by its simplicity of design, ease of manufacture, relatively low weight and large angles of flexibility. The latter circumstance makes them indispensable when driving road trains in heavy road conditions and on terrain with varied terrain. The described design implies the presence of large clearances (up to 10 mm) in the hook-and-loop connection to facilitate hitching and uncoupling. These gaps lead to an increase in dynamic loads and intensive wear of the device parts (mating pair), and also cause the hitch (hook and loop of the drawbar) to fail. The design of hook devices, as a rule, provides for manual coupling-uncoupling of road train links.

The size of the hook towing hitch is selected depending on the total weight of the trailer. The main parameters are regulated by the international standards ISO 1102, ISO 3584 and ISO 8755 or national regulatory documents. Hook-and-loop devices are available for loop inner diameters of 76, 85 and 95 mm. The diameter of the loop rod of the first standard size is 42 mm, the other two - 50 mm each. Coupling of tractors and trailers equipped with towing devices of various dimensions is ensured by replacing the corresponding elements of these mechanisms or by installing adapters. The mass of a hook-type towbar usually does not exceed 30 kg.

In practice, the hook-and-loop device allows the hitching loop to rotate around the horizontal longitudinal axis of the hook by 360 °, to rotate in the vertical plane by ± 45 °, and to rotate in the horizontal plane by ± 90 °. There are manual and semi-automatic hook hitch designs. The latter have become less widespread due to their greater complexity and increased mass.

GOST 2349–75 is in force in Russia. Depending on the standard size of the towing hitch, the installation height above the supporting surface and the connecting dimensions are regulated. For hook couplings of standard sizes from 0 to 3, the geometric parameters of the mating surfaces of the mouth of the hook and loop are the same (the diameter of the loop bar is 42 mm). Size 4 provides for the use of a hinge from a rod with a diameter of 45 mm. According to the domestic standard, hook devices must provide angles of flexibility about the transverse axis passing through the hook mouth, not less than ± 40 °, about the vertical axis ± 55 ° (for general transport vehicles high cross-country ability not less than ± 62 °) and longitudinal axis ± 15 °. The hook must rotate freely around its longitudinal axis, and at the request of the consumer, it can be equipped with locking devices that allow it to be fixed when the trailer is uncoupled. The design of the lock should exclude the possibility of self-uncoupling of the road train while driving, and also have at least two safety mechanisms acting independently of one another, and at least one of them should not be under the influence of forces that appear during movement vehicle.

For the first four categories of standard sizes, one throat size is adopted, equal to 48 mm, the sponge size is 74 mm, which allows using a wide range of tractors and trailers when completing road trains. In the fifth group, the throat size is 52 mm, while the geometry of the sponge remains the same.

The standard hook-type connection, equipped with double-sided shock absorption, consists of a drawbar mounted on the towing vehicle and a rigid drawbar with a hitching eye connected to the trailer. The drawbar is usually mounted on the rear cross member of the frame, however on some vehicles it can perform its function just as effectively when it is located on front bumper(cross member) of the frame or on the rear cross member of the trailer (semi-trailer) for towing the second trailer. The hook-and-loop system consists of a hook itself, a collar latch, and a safety lock with a locking cotter pin. The presence of a safety lock and a cotter pin prevent spontaneous uncoupling of the road train while driving. A nut is screwed on the front end of the hook shank, installed in the sleeve, which, together with the sleeve, ensures the correct longitudinal movement of the hook. A rubber elastic element in the form of a hyperboloid is inserted inside the body, which is compressed with washers. When compressed, it changes shape in such a way that it fills the space in the body. In other designs of pull hooks, ring, helical cylindrical or conical springs are used as elastic elements.

During operation, the nut cannot be used to adjust the axial movement of the hook, since its tightening-folding leads to an increase in the axial movement of the hook. If the rubber buffer shrinks, install additional O-rings between the flanges and the rubber buffer. The use of a hitching eye for trailers with a smaller section increases wear and reduces the service life of the towing hitch, as well as the rear cross member of the vehicle frame.

Despite the inherent drawbacks of hook-and-loop couplings, all leading manufacturers of these types of products continue to improve and release them. Hook devices are distinguished by a wide variety of versions of both the hook itself and the lock. To implement a backlash-free hitch, a number of companies have developed special designs of hook-and-loop type towbar, in which the clearance can be selected automatically using tapered rollers (Coder Ture) or using springs or pneumatic devices according to the principle of “backlash-free hook” or “backlash-free loop” (by Utility Trailer). Similar systems for hook towers are produced by V. Orlandi and SAF-Holland. They are equipped with a pneumatic actuator that automatically selects the gap in the device lock. A pneumatic chamber with a movable rod, mounted on the rear side of the rear cross member of the frame, is used as a load-bearing element. Nevertheless, backlash-free couplings have not found wide application due to the significant complexity of design and maintenance, as well as an increase in their own weight (up to 60 kg).

The best offer is towbars for a car, visitors to our online store can choose and buy a towbar from the range presented, or order the production of the required towbar.

Recently, products such as towbars are in great demand by almost all car owners. This is especially true for SUV owners, who practically cannot imagine driving without this device, since jeeps are considered excellent traction horses due to the special design of the transmission. There are many situations in which the presence of a towbar on a car is simply necessary: ​​from effective protection of a car from a rear impact to solving such a problem as pulling a car out of a ditch or transporting any cargo.

Types of offered towbars

Currently, manufacturers of towbars offer consumers several types of towing couplers:

The towbar is conditionally removable - the hook is fastened with two bolts and is the most common type of ball A;

Quick-detachable towbar - has a detachable hook, which is easy to install and remove, has a ball type C;

Flanged towbar - has a forged hook and is mounted on two or four bolts, has a ball type F or G;

The towbar is welded - has a hook with a rigid fixed attachment, rarely found, has a ball type H.

The most popular and demanded is the towing hitch of the first type due to its simplicity of design and affordable cost. Its constant presence is effective protection rear bumper and the possibility for hassle-free transportation of goods.

When choosing a towbar, it should be borne in mind that towbars from European manufacturers differ from domestic counterparts. This implies the design of the receptacle and the diameter of an element such as a ball. Right choice coupling for connection will not only provide a stable matching unit, but also a reliable electrical connection.

All towbars presented in our online store, which you can buy at the most attractive price, have certificates and documents, which confirms their originality and quality. In addition to selling the towbar, our company offers a service - the installation of a towbar with a guarantee.

Although towbars are not a scarce product, nevertheless there are cars for which it is quite difficult to find suitable device... To solve this problem, the car owner can order a service from us - the manufacture of towbars. The finished products manufactured by our specialists fully comply with all quality and safety requirements. To order the towing device you need, call the phones listed on the website right now!

A personal car is a convenient, comfortable, reliable and fast means of transportation. Often operational properties the car, laid down in the regulations, is not enough for the car owner if the use of the car is envisaged as a unit for moving goods or auxiliary transport structures.

Such an expansion of the functionality of the machine is feasible due to the installation of a special device on it, which makes it possible to operate the transport for the movement of goods and structures. If the car is not equipped with a trailer mechanism from the factory, the car owner needs to understand the legal nuances that predetermine the possibility of installing it on the car and operating it as intended. Let us consider in the article what a towing device for a car is from a structural position, the types of mechanisms authorized for installation, the features of legalizing drawbar couplings and the punishment provided for their incorrect installation.

History of origin and deciphering of the concept

The appearance of the first trailers for vehicles is historically recorded during the World War, when the technical need arose for the rapid movement of heavy loads, for defensive purposes, and human capabilities were not enough for this. Much time has passed since those times, now trailers are actively used to solve technical and domestic problems.

There are three configurations of trailed elements on sale:

Accordingly, it is worth giving priority when purchasing fastening mechanisms to towbars of the first or second type, taking into account the modification of the trailer and its fastening counterpart. Hook tow bars are less reliable, experts argue that such modifications will very soon be completely removed from the market. When choosing a mechanism, it is worth considering its compliance with the body type and vehicle model.

Legislative points on the installation of "towbar": register or not

Every car owner, before purchasing and installing a towbar, is faced with a dilemma, whether the installation of a device will be legal or not, can a towbar be installed on a car and operated as intended with impunity? The answer to this question should be sought in the legislative code for the conversion of the car and the regulations of the vehicle itself. Legal standards for the re-equipment of transport are registered in the technical regulation "On the safety of wheeled vehicles", and the traffic policemen justify the legality of Article 12.5, prescribed in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

According to the technical regulations, the towbar is not included in the units that are subject to mandatory registration in cases where the installation is regulated by the manufacturer of the machine. Most car manufacturers authorize the permissibility of installing a trailer hitch for transporting a trailer on a passenger car, predetermining the places for its attachment from the factory. Information on the admissibility of installing additional equipment in the form of a towbar should be spelled out in the technical documentation for the car and in the load plate located on the driver's desk of the car or in the engine compartment.

The installation of a towbar is not subject to registration under the following conditions:

1. The installation and operation of trailed equipment is authorized by the manufacturer.
2. A factory design is installed on the machine, which has a certificate of conformity of the device model to a specific transport.
3. When installing the towbar, no structural changes are made, the installation is carried out in accordance with the regulations of the instructions for the equipment.

In situations where there is no passenger car in the regulations for the car as a means of transportation, or the installation of a purchased towbar involves welding or drilling work, the equipment must be registered with the traffic police department.

Cases when the installation of the towing hitch is prohibited by law

Most passenger cars have a mark in the OTTS about the admission of mounting the towing hitch. These information can be viewed in the documentation for the purchased vehicle, or, if data is not available, request them from the dealer company or directly from the car manufacturer.

A categorical prohibition on the equipment of a car of a passenger category is sanctioned only in those situations when the plant excludes the possibility of using the car as a traction force for the transportation of goods, including trailers, due to structural and technical features auto.

Other situations involve the installation of a towbar with impunity and its intended use:

1. Without registration with the traffic police department, if the traction device provides for installation without interfering with the design of the car, and the mechanism has quality certificates and is mounted in accordance with the requirements of the automaker.
2. With the receipt of admission, when it is planned to install a towbar with interference in the design of the transport.

When operating the traction device on light transport, it should be borne in mind that the mass of the trailer should not exceed the weight of the equipped car, and the total tonnage of the car with the trailer cannot exceed 3.5.

Let us consider what documentation the driver should have when operating the towbar in each of the situations, how to legalize the traction device, if such registration is required by law.

Necessary documentation and design details

Operation of a vehicle with a towbar requires the car owner to have the following documents:

1. The passport of the installed equipment, containing data on its installation. The passport must contain a mark of the car service where the towbar was installed on the car.
2. Certificate for installed equipment.
3. Act on the work performed on the installation.

Such documents will be sufficient for a road inspection, in situations where mounted tow bar certified for use on a specific vehicle model.

Otherwise, when the operated equipment is not indicated in the user manual as permissible for use, has features for installation, then the car owner should take care, in order to avoid problems with the law, to register the towing coupling structure.

Let us consider in detail the algorithm, which is the answer to the question of how to arrange a tow hitch for operation on passenger car, in compliance with all legislative and procedural norms.

The procedure involves the following activities:

1. A visit to the traffic police department, where it is necessary to submit an application that contains a request for a preliminary examination with subsequent permission to install traction equipment. Together with the application, the car owner must present the STS, PTS and their copies, documentation for the unit being installed.
2. After receiving the "verdict" of the traffic police experts, on the basis of permission, the owner of the vehicle needs to contact a specified center with the authority to carry out installation work and install the equipment on passenger car... Confirmation of specialized installation is an act of completion from the contractor, a declaration and a certificate of conformity of the installation.
3. The above documents give the right to contact an organization authorized to inspect the changes and issue a diagnostic card.
4. Provide a car to the traffic police department for a final examination. The car owner must submit to the traffic police a declaration from the service center, a diagnostic sheet certifying the safety of the changes made, documents for the car and the installed part, the original permission to install the towing vehicle from the expert commission.
5. After a technical examination in the traffic police department and verification of the submitted documents, the car owner will be issued a certificate authorizing the operation of the vehicle with installed towing equipment.

A certificate confirming the safety of the installation is the guarantor of the unpunished operation of a car with an installed towbar. Do not forget that legalization also requires a trailer that will be used to transport goods.

Penalties for inappropriate installation of the towbar

The coupling structure for the transportation of goods, although not identified in the legislative documentation as an additional equipment of the car, for inappropriate installation or installation with non-compliance with the regulations implies financial punishment for the car owner. Penalty is predetermined by Article 12.5 administrative code RF, which predetermines a fine in the amount of five hundred to five thousand rubles in such situations:

1. Lack of documents for the towbar or non-compliance of the traction structure with the standards set by the car manufacturer.
2. The towing hitch was installed in an inappropriate place or with technical flaws.
3. Technical malfunction of the structure.

The measure of punishment is predetermined by the criteria of the danger that the car owner bears when operating a car with a trailer hitch that does not conform to the sample standards or when it is incorrectly installed.

Experts recommend that you always have documents with you that confirm the fact of the safety of the towbar operation, otherwise, the owner of the car will face a monetary penalty. If the fine is not recognized, it will have to be challenged in court, which is not always beneficial from a financial position.

Let's sum up

TSU, like any other mounted or optional equipment must be set reasonably. And the explanation in this situation lies not only in the prospect of meeting with law enforcement agencies, who can be punished with a fine, but also in personal safety on the road. The installation of inappropriate equipment and its operation, especially if the design of the car is disturbed, reduces the safety of the vehicle several times, which can lead to precedents that threaten the health and life of the driver, passengers, bystanders or other car owners.

If the towing hitch is extremely necessary, select designs authorized by the automaker, preferring to carry out installation work in specialized centers, which will predetermine the quality of the procedure, installation in compliance with technology and a guarantee of device safety during operation.

The frame is the supporting system of the vehicle. It perceives all the loads arising from the movement of the car, and serves as the basis on which the engine, transmission units, control mechanisms, additional and special equipment, as well as a cab, a body or a load-carrying container (tank).

Everything trucks have a frame. Depending on the design frames (Fig. 18.1) are divided into spars (ladder) and central (spine). The most widespread in the automotive industry were the first of them. a)

Fig. 18.1. Automotive frames:

a-spar; b-central

On the KAMAZ-43Yu car, a stamped, riveted frame is installed, consisting of two side members of variable cross-section connected by five cross-members, the side members in cross-section are of channel type.

Brackets are installed at the front ends of the side members, to which the towing forks with pins are bolted.

Front bumper is removable, bolted to towing forks.

Two buffers are installed on the rear cross member of the frame

In addition, a towing hitch is attached to the rear cross member.

The towing hitch of the car consists of hook 2 (Fig. 18.2), the shank of which passes through the hole in the rear cross member of the frame, which has an additional amplifier. The hook shank is inserted into a massive cylindrical body 15, closed on one side with a protective cap, and on the other with a body cover 16.

ai Fig. 18.2. Traction hitch:

1-grease nipple; 2-hook with dirt deflector and rod; 3-axis hook latch; 4-pawl latch; 5-axis dog; 6-latch; 7-nut; 8-chain of the lock pin; 9-elastic element; 10-hook nut; 11-cotter pin; 12-protective casing; 13 and 14-flanges; 15-case; 16-case cover

Rubber elastic element (buffer) 9, softening shock loads when starting a car with a trailer from a standstill and when driving on an uneven road, is located between two flanges 13 and 14, with the help of which the necessary preload of this buffer is created.

On the axle 3, passing through the hook, a latch is installed, locked by the pawl 4, which prevents the bottom of the trailer from disengaging with the hook.

If axial movement of the hook appears after long-term operation of the vehicle, it is necessary to disassemble the towing hitch and, if necessary, straighten flanges 13 and 14 and replace worn parts.

On the ZIL-131 car, the design of the frame and the towing hitch does not fundamentally differ from the KAMAZ ^ SHO frame. Mud flaps are installed in the front of the frame to protect the engine compartment from dirt. Tow hooks are installed at the front ends of the side members. The front bumper is equipped with a folding step. When towing trailers, the rear bumpers must be removed by installing the rear cross member mounting bolts in their original places. On the rear cross member of the frame there are eyebolts for fastening the emergency chains of the trailer.

Hydraulic shock absorbers. When the car is moving, as a result of deformation of the springs, lateral vibrations of the frame occur, which are damped by shock absorbers. Due to the increased requirements for smooth running, shock absorbers have become one of the main suspension elements of modern cars. For military vehicles, this indicator is important from the point of view of the possibility of installing weapons on vehicles and military equipment that require increased smoothness.

On cars, the most widespread are hydraulic shock absorbers, which use the resistance (internal friction) of a relatively viscous fluid passing through calibrated holes of small diameters and limited sections in the valves. The full cycle of vibration of the frame relative to the axle and wheels includes two periods:

- spring compression stroke, when the sprung part (frame with platform) approaches the unsprung part (axles and wheels);

spring recoil stroke when the sprung part is removed from the unsprung

Rice. 19.3. Diagram of the car brake drive and

trailer:

1 - in a braked state; And - in the braked state 1-compressor; 2-combined brake valve; 3-disconnect valve of the car; 4-connection head; 5-disconnect trailer crane; 6-trailer air distributor; 7-air tanks of the trailer; 9-brake chambers; 10-car air tank

The block and head are cooled with liquid from the engine cooling system. Liquid is supplied to the compressor cooling system from the water jacket of the engine intake manifold and is drained from the head into the suction cavity of the water pump.

Disconnection of the air supply by the compressor to the pneumatic system is carried out as follows. When the air pressure in the pneumatic system reaches 0.73-0.77 MPa, the pressure regulator supplies compressed air through channel "A" in the cylinder block under the plungers 26 of the unloader, which, rising, open the intake valves 21 of the two cylinders, thereby stopping the air supply into the pneumatic system, since air can freely pass from cylinder to cylinder.

When the air pressure drops to 0.60-0.64 MPa, the regulator stops supplying compressed air under the unloader plungers. Air from under the plunger is released into the atmosphere; the plungers, under the action of the rocker arm spring, lower, freeing the intake valves, and the compressor again begins to pump air into the pneumatic system

Fig. 19.4. Air compressor:

1-lower crankcase cover; 2-front cover; 3-pulley; 4-crankshaft oil seal; 5-crankcase; 6-block of cylinders; 7-connecting rod; 8-piston with rings; 9-piston pin with retaining rings; 10-head of the block; 11-plug of the discharge valve; 12-spring of the discharge valve; 13-discharge valve; 14-seat of the discharge valve; 15-rear bearing crankshaft; 16-seal spring; 17-rear crankcase cover; 18-sealant; 19-crankshaft; 20-adjusting bolt; 21-intake valve; 22-way intake valve; 23-rod of the inlet valve; 24-way rocker spring; 25-rocker; 26-plunger; 27 o-rings; 28-seat of the inlet valve stem; 29-spring-on intake valve

Oil flows to the friction surfaces of the compressor through pipes from the engine oil line to the rear cover of the compressor crankcase and through a seal along the crankshaft channels to the connecting rod bearings. The main ball bearings, piston pins and cylinder walls are spray lubricated.

Pressure regulator (Figure 19.5, a.) installed on the compressor block. To increase the reliability of the pressure regulator, it is equipped with two filters: one filter is installed at the point where air enters from the pneumatic system, the other at the point where air enters the regulator from the compressor unloader. The pressure regulator automatically maintains the required compressed air pressure in the system by drawing air into and out of the compressor unloader

Figure 19.5 Pressure regulator (a) and safety valve (b):

1-casing; 2-spring; 3-adjusting cap nut; 4-rod; 5-fitting; 6-mesh filter; 7-sintered filter; 8-regulator body; 9-plug; 10-inlet valve; 11-outlet valve; 12-lock nut; 13 centering balls; 14-saddle; 15-case; 16-ball; 17-spring; 18-lock nut; 19-adjusting screw; 20-bar

When the pressure reaches 0.73-0.77 MPa, the regulator turns off the air supply, and at a pressure of 0.60-0.64 MPa turns it on again. In the housing 8 of the regulator, under the casing 1, there are nozzle 5, inlet 10 and outlet 11 ball valves loaded through rod 4 by spring 2, and centering balls 13. The regulator has a mesh filter 6 installed at the point where air exits the regulator into the compressor unloader and sintered filter 7, pressed with a plug 9 at the point of entry of air into the regulator from the pneumatic system.

At a pressure in the system of 0.73-0.77 MPa, the compressed air, overcoming the resistance of the spring 2, opens the inlet valve 10 and enters the compressor unloader. In the unloader (Fig. 19.4), compressed air presses on the plunger 26, which opens the inlet valve 21. The compressor in this case, as noted above, pumps air from one cylinder to another, that is, it works idle.

When the pressure drops to 0.60-0.64 MPa, the inlet valve 10 (Fig. 19.5, a) closes and the outlet valve 11, having dropped down, under the action of the spring 2, communicates the compressor unloader with the atmosphere. The unloader inlet valves close and the compressor begins to pump air into the pneumatic system.

Safety valve(Fig. 19.5.6) serves to protect the pneumatic system from excessive pressure increase in the event of a pressure regulator malfunction. A seat 14 is screwed into its body 15, into which a ball 16 abuts, pressed against the seat by a rod 20 under the action of a spring 17. To adjust the valve to a given pressure, a screw 19 with a locknut 18 is installed.

The valve is installed on the right air cylinder and is adjusted for the air pressure in the system equal to 0.90-0.95 MPa. At this pressure, the ball 16, overcoming the resistance of the spring 17, opens the air outlet to the atmosphere (through the hole in the side wall of the housing).

Air cylinders (receivers) 17 fig. 18.11 are used to store the supply of compressed air coming from the compressor. They have taps for draining condensate water and oil and a safety valve is installed

The winch is designed for self-pulling and pulling a car
mobiles and trailers through difficult terrain.

On a KamAZ-43101 car, the winch is installed on two crossbars and two brackets at the rear of the car frame, consists of worm gear 10 (fig. 8.12) drum 11 with cable 7 and cable layer 8.

1.2. The gearbox (Fig. 8.13) consists of a globoidal pair with a gear
number 31. The worm wheel 14 is riveted to the hub, which is movable
clutch 3 is connected to the drum shaft 10. The drum is seated on the shaft through the spline.
shaft sleeve 1 and keys 2.

An automatic braking mechanism is installed on the gearbox worm, designed for additional braking of the gearbox worm shaft when the clutch is disengaged, as well as when the safety plug bolt is cut cardan shaft in case of overload. The drum 40 of the brake mechanism is mounted on the end of the worm shaft. The drum braking is carried out by the band 8 of the brake mechanism with friction linings. One end of the tape is rigidly fixed by nuts 7 in the front bearing cap 38, and the other is movable in the hole of the same cap through a spring 4, which tightens the tape in the direction opposite to the rotation of the worm shaft 34 when winding the winch cable onto the drum. The tape, carried away by the frictional force, compresses the spring, which leads to a weakening of the pressure on the brake drum. With the reverse rotation of the worm shaft under the action of the friction force, the belt self-tightening, which causes the drum to slow down and prevents its rotation due to the rigid attachment of the second end of the brake belt. At a low frequency of rotation of the worm shaft, the braking force created by the automatic brake mechanism is insignificant and does not interfere with the unwinding of the cable. The tension of the brake band is adjusted by tightening the spring. When tightening the nut 7, the braking torque increases.

1.3. The winch is driven by three cardan shafts 8-10 (Fig. 8.12) from a single-stage power take-off mounted on the transfer case. A shear safety bolt is installed on the rear propeller shaft to protect parts from overload; front

Rice. 8.12. Swan car KamAZ-43101:

1 - front guide rollers; 2 - first and second support rollers; 3 - wedge; 4 - clip bracket for the back of the cable; 5 - the third support roller; 6 - rear roller guides; 7 - cable; 8 - cable connection; 9 - driven sprocket; 10 - reducer; 11 - winch drum; 12 - rear propeller shaft; 13 - intermediate cardan shaft; 14 - front propeller shaft; 15 - lever for turning off the drum shaft; 16 - cover; 17- hook; 18 - wedge

the cardan shaft has a movable splined connection, which provides compensation for installation inaccuracies. The intermediate propeller shaft is mounted on two bearings of the same design.

The cable layer (fig. 8.15) ensures uniform and dense laying of the cable on the drum. The body 2 of the cable layer makes a reciprocating motion along the lead screw 13, laying the cable on the drum. The pipe 15, rigidly connected to the body, and the roller are guides. A lead screw with left and right cuts, mounted on a bearing 9 in the drive housing 10 and two supports inside the pipe, is driven by a chain drive from the drum shaft through the driven and driving sprockets 7. The cable is fixed on the winch drum and passes between two rollers 1 installed on axes 5. The course of the body is coordinated with the rotation of the drum so that for each revolution of the drum, the body of the cable layer moves by a distance equal to one step of the cable turn.

The winch cable (Fig. 8.12) is fixed to the hook 17 with a wedge 18. This allows you to remove the hook by knocking out the wedge and give the cable back. A wedge 3 is installed on the right side member of the frame, which serves to secure the cable during self
pulling the car backwards with the block.

The winch drive is controlled remotely, electropneumatically, by switch 12 (Fig. 1.5) installed in the cab.

The winch drum shaft is disconnected from the gearbox mechanism by turning the shutdown lever 14 (Fig. 8.12), while the shutdown clutch disengages from the gearbox worm wheel.

To turn on the KAMAZ-4310 winch, you need to depress the clutch pedal, set the switch transfer case to neutral and the winch switch to the ON position and release the clutch pedal. To wind the cable around the drum, engage the first gear in the gearbox. In case of forced unwinding of the cable, engage reverse gear.

The system of URAL-4320 and KamAZ-4310 vehicles (Fig. 8.18, 8.19) consists of a compressor, a pressure control valve 3 (on KamAZ with restrictor valves), an inter-cylinder reducer (URAL-4320), air shut-off valves, a block of air inlet oil seals in the casing axle shafts, pipelines and air cylinder.

Rice. 8.18. URAL-4320 centralized tire pressure regulation system:

Let's figure it out, what is a towbar and what is it for?

Or, as it is also called in accordance with GOST, the towing hitch (Hitch) is designed for towing small caravans and light trailers. Maximum weight trailed structures that can withstand a hitch - 3500 kg. Towbars at the manufacturer's factories undergo complete tests and mandatory certification. All towing hitch devices are attached to the rear, lower part car body... The delivery set of all goods is supplied with assembly and fasteners. Many manufacturers also complete the sale of a towbar with a wiring kit. The towing hitch (Hitch) consists of a "Body" and a hook. The "body" is usually attached to the side members of the vehicle. Great importance is attached to the quality of painting the towbar for foreign cars, since due to weather conditions and road reagents, over time, poor-quality painting will provoke rust and damage appearance TSU. Poorly painted towing hitch devices have to be tinted about once or twice a season, which creates additional inconveniences, so it is better to buy a high-quality towbar for a foreign car from the very beginning. The hooks on the towing couplers are welded in and removable. The price, your safety, the safety of loved ones and the safety of those around you depend on the quality of the towbar.

Buy a towbar in the online store Mnogofarkopov

You can order from us or buy and install a towbar in Moscow at an affordable price original and not original for all cars in the world. Mnogofarkopov sells towbars for foreign cars for all popular and unpopular car models. Here you can compare your favorite models and understand their differences. The main difference between towbars different manufacturers for the same model, this is:

• price;
• hook type;
• total mass of the trailer.

When choosing a towing device, special attention should be paid to these characteristics. Since overpaying for a removable hook, and the cost of a towbar with a removable hook differs more from the cost of a towing hitch (Hitch) with a welded one, it makes no sense if you plan to use it all year round. If the use and installation of the towbar is temporary or several times a year, then it makes sense to look at the option with a removable hook. You should also decide on the approximate weight that you want to transport in order to secure transportation and simply not pull out the installed towbar due to overload. All products presented on Mnogofarkopov have manufacturer's certificates and meet all the requirements safe operation. We provide the best prices for ordering towbars throughout Russia - try it and see for yourself. Haven't found the towbar model you need? Call our specialists or write to us by e-mail. We will select any towbar model for you! Our sale of towbars will sooner or later be needed by many, so we recommend that you be puzzled with the purchase and installation in advance. Also, if you are looking for crankcase protection, then our experts are happy to help you.