How to charge the automotive battery. How to charge a car battery? General recommendations for the preparation of the automotive battery for charging

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This article explains for those who are not friendly with the technique: which side, to approach the dischargeable battery, as well as what, most importantly, how to charge it.

It doesn't matter how the Akb sat: if you forgot to pay off the dimensions, too fascinated by listening to music in the parking lot or left for the whole summer on vacation. To charge the battery, you need to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe theory and follow several simple rules.

A bit of theory

In cars for the most part are used lead-acid batteries (WET). Their principle of operation is based on the chemical response of lead plates with an electrolyte, as a result of which electricity is produced. Over time, the sulfation and the destruction of the plates inevitably occurs, as well as the pumping of the electrolyte, which is why the capacity of the AKB is reduced. And the battery can discharge at the most inopportune moment.

How to check battery

The easiest way to use the built-in charge indicator, which is on most batteries. This is the same "light bulb", which is actually no light bulb, but a green ball-float moving in a transparent flask. With a sufficient level and density of the electrolyte, the ball rises and we see the green indicator. If the float is not visible, you need to check the electrolyte and recharge the battery.

Another option is a multimeter. With it, you can measure the voltage on the terminals and understand, the battery is discharged or not. On a fully charged battery should be 12.6 V and more. The voltage of 12.42 B corresponds to 80% of the charge, 12.2 V - 60%, 11.9 V - 40%, 11.58 V - 20%, 10.5 V - 0%.

The most reliable way is to check the load fork. It can show the voltage drop under load, that is, the real level of charge and, accordingly, the capacity. Such a device has any auto electrician or in the store where batteries are sold. And for this check with you, most likely, do not even take money.

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Identify that the battery is really discharged, you can proceed to charging, but you must first prepare.

The battery is desirable to remove from the car. If there is no time, disconnect it from the on-board network, disconnecting the minus wire.
After that you need to clean the terminals from lubrication and oxide for good contact.
It will not hurt to wipe the surface of the battery with a dry cloth, but better - moistened in a 10% solution of ammonic alcohol or soda calcined.
Also, do not forget to unsubstate traffic jams on each of the banks of the battery or remove the plug to ensure the free output of the electrolyte vapor and prevent overpressure inside.
If the electrolyte level in some of the insufficient cans, you need to add distilled water so that it completely covers the plates.

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The principle of charging itself is simple: you only need to attach the wires from the charger to the terminals of the battery from the charger and stick the plug into the socket. However, first should be deciding with the charging method. There are two main methods: charging a constant current and charging with constant voltage.

The first is more efficient, but passes in several stages and requires control. The second is easier, but provides charging acb only to 80%.

There is another so-called combined method, in which participation on the part of the car owner comes down to a minimum. Minus such a way in the need for a special charger with a fairly high cost.

Charging a permanent current

We establish a current of 10% of the rated battery capacity and charge until the voltage on the battery terminals does not rise to 14.3-14.4 V. For example, the battery capacity of 60 A · h should be charged with current no more than 6 A.
Next, we reduce the current twice (up to 3 A) to reduce the intensity of the boiling, and continue to charge.
As soon as the voltage rises to 15 V, it is necessary to reduce the current twice and charge the battery until the voltage and current values \u200b\u200bstop changing.

Charging by constant tension

Everything is much easier here. You only need to set the voltage in the range of 14.4-14.5 V and wait. Unlike the first method, with which it is possible to fully charge the battery in a few hours (about 10), charging the constant voltage lasts about a day and allows you to fill the battery capacity only up to 80%.

Precautions

Since the charging of the battery is a chemical process at which an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is distinguished, you need to be very careful and follow the rules:

Charge the battery in a well-ventilated room.
Do not use open fire and do not carry out any work with the formation of sparks.
If there is no possibility to remove the battery from the machine, turn off the minus wire, and better both.

How to charge a car battery at home

In the process of operation of the engine, the battery (AKB) is independent of the type (serviced or unqualified battery) Recharged OT. automobile generator. To control the battery charge on the generator, a device called the relay controller is installed.

The specified relay regulator relay allows you to submit such a voltage to the battery, which is necessary to recharging the battery. This voltage is 14.1V. At the same time, the complete charge of the battery involves a voltage of 14.5 V. It is quite obvious that the charge from the generator is able to maintain the performance of the battery, but the maximum full battery charge this solution is not able to provide. For this reason, it is necessary to charge the battery from time to time with the (external charger).

Also charging the battery using a special tripsaged device, but such solutions often provide only the shipping battery without the ability to fully charge the car battery.

How often charging car battery

Usually, with a serviceable battery, there are no problems when the outdoor temperature is plus. Starting the engine in such conditions is able to provide a battery, which is charged only by half. With a decrease in the air temperature below the zero capacity of the battery is immediately reduced from 1.5 to 2 times. Also in the cold season for starting the engine, a larger start current is required, since motor oil In the crankcase is thick and the starter is more difficult to turn the crankshaft.

The operation of the car in the winter often involves short trips, the inclusion of a large amount of energy-intensive equipment (heated mirrors, glasses, seats, etc.) the load on the battery increases significantly. At the same time stay from the generator and compensate for the loss spent on the launches, the battery simply does not have time. Taking into account the above, optimally fully charge the battery with a charger to 100% at least once a year before the onset of cold.

Add that in case of problems with the start of the engine due to the presence of motor faults (problems with fuel equipment, compression, etc.), the owner has much longer and more intensively turn the starter. In such cases, to charge the battery by an external charger will need much more often.

Charging the battery charger

To know how to charge the car's maintenanceable battery charger, as well as charging the battery of the type served, you must follow certain rules. Charger (memory, an external charge charger, a power-proof device) is actually a condenser charger.

Car battery - source direct current. During the connection of the AKB, the polarity must be observed. For this, the plus and minus terminal connectivity is indicated by the plus and minus sign ("+" and "-") on the battery. Point conclusions have similar labeling, which allows you to correctly connect the battery to the charger. In other words, the "plus" of the battery is connected to the "+" charger terminal, minus on the battery connects to the "-" zoom output.

Pay attention to the random change of polarity will result in the battery discharge instead of charge. It should also be borne in mind that a deep discharge (the battery is fully planted) may in some cases output the battery failure, as a result of which it may not be possible to charge such ankb using a charger.

It is also necessary to take into account that before connecting to the charger, the battery must be removed from the car and thoroughly clean from possible contaminants. The flows of acid are well removed with a wet rag, which is wetted in a solution with soda. For the preparation of the solution, 15-20 grams of soda at 150-200 grams of water are sufficient. The presence of an acid will indicate the foaming of the specified solution when applied to the AcB body.

As for the accumulated batteries, traffic jams on the "banks" for the pouring of the acid should be unscrewed. The fact is that during charging in the battery, gases are formed that need to provide free output. You should also check the electrolyte level. When the level decreases below the norm, the distilled water is made.

What voltage charge the car battery

Let's start with the charging of the battery involves the flow of such a current on it, which is not enough battery for a complete charge. Based on this approval, you can answer questions by way to charge the car battery, as well as how much you need to charge the car battery charger.

In the event that a battery with a capacity of 50 amps-hours is charged by 50%, then at the initial stage, the charging current should be installed 25 A, after which this current must be reduced dynamically. By the time of the complete charge of the battery, the current flow should stop. Such a principle of operation underlies the automatic chargers, with which the car battery is charged on average for 4-6 hours. The only minus such memory is their high cost.

It is also worth highlight semi-automatic type chargers and solutions that suggest a fully manual setting. The latter are most affordable and widely represented on sale. Taking into account the fact that the battery is usually discharged by 50%, you can calculate how much a car battery is charged, and also to understand how much the car battery is maintained.

The basis for calculating the charge time of the battery is the battery capacity. Knowing this parameterThe charge time is simply calculated. If the battery has a capacity of 50 a h, then for complete charging you need to submit no more than 30 a. On the charger, 3a is set to the charger, which will require ten hours to complete the battery charging charger.

To 100% to be sure that the battery is fully charged, after 10 hours you can set a current of 0.5 a, after which it continue to charge the battery for another 5-10 hours. This method of charge does not represent hazards for automotive batteries that have a large container. The minus can be considered the need to charge acb about a day.

To save time and rapid battery charging, you can set 8 a, after which it is charged about 3 hours. Upon the expiration of this period, the charge current decreases to 6 A and the battery is charged with this current for another 1 hour. As a result, it will take 4 hours for charging. Note that this charging mode is not optimal, since the battery is desirable to charge a small current to 3 A.

Charging a large current can lead to recharge and excess battery heating, as a result of which its resource is significantly reduced. It also should also be noted that the use of battery charge methods, which are aimed at minimizing the negative process of plates sulfate, do not have noticeable positive results.

Proper operation of the battery depending on its type (serviced and maintenanceable), the exclusion of a deep discharge and timely charging with the help of the memory allow the acid battery to operate from 3-7 years.

How to estimate the condition and charge of a car battery

Proper charging and a number of conditions that need to be observed during the operation of the automotive battery are capable of providing normal engine launch even in extremely low temperatures. The main indicator of the status of the AKB is the degree of its charge. Next, we will reply, how to find out if the car battery is charged.

Let's start with the fact that some batteries models have a special color indicator on the battery itself, which indicates that the battery is charged or discharged. It is worth noting that the specified indicator is a very approximate indicator, according to which it is possible to determine only the need for recovery. In other words, the charge indicator may show that the battery is charged, but the start current at negative temperatures is not enough.

Another way to determine the degree of battery is the measurement of the voltage at the conclusions of the battery. This method Also allows us to quite approximately to assess the condition and degree of charge. To measure the battery, you will need to remove from the car or disconnect from the memory, after which you need to further wait about 7 hours. The outdoor temperature has no fundamental importance.

12.8 B-100% charge;
12.6 B-75% charge;
12.2 in 50% charge;
12.0 B-25% charge;
Fall voltage less than 11.8 V indicates a full battery discharge.

You can also check the battery charge degree without waiting. To do this, the voltage at the conclusions of the battery must be measured with the help of so-called loading forks. This method is more accurate and reliable. The specified plug is a voltmeter, in parallel with the voltmeter conclusions, resistance is connected. The amount of resistance is 0.018-0.020 Ohm for the battery with a capacity of 40-60 amperes.

The plug must be connected to the corresponding outputs on the battery, after which 6-8 seconds. Fix readings that displays a voltmeter. Next, you can estimate the charge degree of voltage battery using load plug:

10.5 V - 100% charge;
9.9 in - 75% charge;
9.3 in - 50% charge;
8.7 in - 25% charge;
The indicator is less than 8.18 V - the full discharge of the AKB;

You can also make measurements in the absence of a loader without removing the battery with a car. The battery must be connected to the on-board network. vehicle. Then it will be necessary to give a load on the battery through the inclusion of dimensions and long beam of the head optics (for vehicles with regular halogen lamps). Headlight light bulbs have a capacity of 50 W, the load is obtained about 10 A. The voltage of a normally charged battery in this case should be about 11.2 V.

The following way, which allows you to check the battery charge, is the voltage measurement at the outputs of the battery at the moment when the DVS starts. Measurement data can be considered reliable only under the condition of a working starter normally.

At the time of the start, the voltage indicator should not be lower than the mark of 9.5 V. The voltage drop below the specified mark means that the battery was greatly discharged. In this case, its charging is required using the memory. This method of checking also allows you to identify starter malfunctions. The car is installed obviously good and 100% charged battery, after which it is measured. If the voltage on the terminals of the AKB at the time of launch will fall below 9.5 V, then the problems with the starter are obvious.

Finally, we add that measurements in different ways involve the fixation of oscillations in the share of Volta. For this reason, increased requirements are put forward to the voltmeter. The accuracy of the device is extremely important, since the slightest error even in one or two percent will lead to an error in measuring the degree of charge of the battery by 10 -20%. For measurements, it is recommended to use devices with a minimum error.

How to charge a fully discharged car battery

A frequent cause of a deep discharge of AKB is a banal inattention. It is often enough to leave a car with the included dimensions or headlights, salon lighting or a radio tape recorder for 6-12 hours, after which the battery turns out to be fully discharged. For this reason, many car owners are interested in the question whether it is possible to restore a fully discharged battery.

As is known, the full discharge of the battery strongly affects the battery life, especially if we talk about the maintenance-free battery. Manufacturers of automotive batteries indicate that even one complete discharge is enough to exit the battery. In practice, relatively new batteries manage to restore at least 1 or 2 times after their complete discharge without significant loss of operational properties.

To begin with, it is necessary to determine how much the battery was discharged, using one of the above methods. You can also immediately put the battery for charging. Next, a fully discharged battery must be charged in the mode recommended by the AKB manufacturer. The standard is the supply of the charge current at a mark 0.1 from the total battery capacity.

A fully planted battery is charged with such a current of at least 14-16 hours. For example, consider charging the battery with a capacity of 60 amps-hours. In this case, the charge current must be on average from 3 A (slower) to 6 A (faster). A fully discharged automotive battery is correctly charged by the smallest current, and as long as possible (about a day).

When the voltage on the terminals of the battery no longer increases for 60 minutes. (provided that the identical charging current is filled), then the battery is fully charged. Unnwided batteries with a complete charge suggest the voltage value at 16.2 ± 0.1 V. It should be borne in mind that such a voltage value is standard, but there is a dependence on the battery capacity, charge current, electrolyte density in the battery, etc. Any voltmeter is suitable for measurement, regardless of the error of the device, because it is necessary to measure the constant, and not exact voltage.

What to charge the car battery if there is no charger

The easiest way to charge the battery is the launch of the car by the "cigarette" method from another car, after which you need to move by car for about 20-30 minutes. For the efficiency of charging from the generator, it is assumed either dynamic ride on increased gears, or movement on "Nizakh".

The main condition is to maintain crankshaft revolutions at about 2900-3200 rpm. On the specified revs, the generator will provide the necessary current that will allow you to recharge the battery. Note that this method is suitable only under the condition of partial, rather than a deep discharge of the AKB. Also, after the trip, it will still need to implement the full battery charge.

Quite often, motorists are interested in what else can be charged the car battery, except for the memory. Most often as a replacement is supposed to use chargers that charge mobile phones, tablets, laptops and other gadgets. Immediately note that these solutions do not allow the car battery without a number of manipulations.

The fact is that the main condition for flowing from the charger to the battery is that the output of the memory should be present, which will be more voltage on the battery outputs. In other words, at the voltage of the battery outputs 12 in the output voltage of the charger, 14 V. Regarding various devices, the voltage of their batteries often does not exceed 7.0 V. Now imagine that there is a charger from the gadget that has the required voltage 12 B. The problem will still be present, since the resistance of the car's battery is measured in the whole ohmas.

It turns out, charging from mobile device The battery outputs will actually be a short circuit of the charging power supply block. The block will be triggered in the block, with the result that such a zoom will not give a current on the battery. Subject to the absence of protection, the likelihood of a power supply unit from a significant load is high.

It is worth adding that the car battery should also not be charged from various power supplies, which have a suitable output voltage, but they are constructively lacking the ability to adjust the amount of the current current. Only a special memory for the car's battery represents such a device that has at its output the desired voltage value and current to charge the battery. In parallel with this, there is the possibility of controlling the permanent current.

Homemade memory for car battery

We now turn from the theory to practice. Let's start with the fact that you can make a battery charger from a third-party device with your own hands.

Please note that these actions represent a certain danger and are performed exclusively at their own risk. The resource administration does not bear any responsibility, information is presented solely for informational purposes!

There are several ways to manufacture a memory. Let's superficially consider the most common:

The manufacture of a charger from the source, which at its output has a voltage of about 13-14 V, and is also able to provide current force more than 1 amp. For such a task, the laptop power supply is suitable.
Charging from the usual household electrical outlet 220 volts. To do this, you will need a semiconductor diode and incandescent lamps that are consistently connected to the chain.

It should be borne in mind that the use of such solutions means charging the ACB by means of a current source. As a result, constant control of the time and time of the battery charge is required. This control is carried out using regular stress measurements on the battery terminals or counting the time on which the battery is charged.

Remember, the recharge of the battery leads to an increase in the temperature inside the battery and the active release of hydrogen and oxygen. The boiling of the electrolyte in the banks of the battery causes the formation of an explosive mixture. In the event of an electrical spark or the appearance of other sources for fire, the battery can explode. A similar explosion can lead to fires, burns and injuries!

Now focus on the most common way to independently manufacturing a car battery. We are talking about charging from the Laptop BP. To implement the task, certain knowledge, skills and experience in the assembly area of \u200b\u200bsimple electrical circuits are needed. Otherwise, the optimal solution will refer to those skilled in the art, to purchase a ready-made charger or replace the battery to a new one.

The scheme itself is quite simple. Ballast lamp is connected to the BP, as well as the outputs of the homemade memory are connected to the outputs of the AKB. As a "ballast", a lamp will be required with a small face value.

If you try to connect the BP to the battery without using the ballast light bulb, then you can quickly output as the power supply itself and the battery itself.

You should step by step to select the desired lamp, starting with the minimum denominations. To begin with, you can connect a low-power light bulb of the rotation repeater, then a more powerful turning lamp, etc. Each lamp should be checked separately by connecting to the chain. If the light is on, then you can switch to the connection of the analogue, more power. This method will help not output the power supply. Finally, add that the combustion of the ballast lamp will be evidenced by the charge of the battery from such a self-made device. In other words, if the battery is charging, then the lamp will burn, even if it is very dull.

Is it necessary to charge a new car battery

The new battery must be fully charged and is operational, that is, it assumes an immediate installation on the car to start further operation. Before purchasing, it is necessary to check the ACB for a number of parameters:

housing integrity;
stress out of the outputs;
checking the electrolyte density;
date of manufacture of AKB;

At the initial stage, it is necessary to remove the protective film and inspect the body for cracks, drills and other defects. In case of detection of the slightest deviations from the norm, the battery is recommended to replace.

Then the voltage is performed on the terminals of the new battery. You can measure the voltage by a voltmeter, while the accuracy of the device does not matter. Voltage should not be below 12 volts. The voltage rate of 10.8 volts indicates that the battery is completely discharged. Such an indicator is invalid for a new battery.

The electrolyte density is measured using a special fork. Also, the density parameter indirectly indicates the battery charge level. The final stage of the verification becomes determining the battery output date. Batteries that were released 6 months. Back and more from the day of the planned purchase should not be purchased. The fact is that ready-to-use acb has a tendency to a self-disconstruction. For this reason, for long-term storage, the battery must be prepared in advance, but in this case the battery can no longer be considered a new finished product.

How to charge a car battery?

Under normal conditions, the automotive battery is charged from the electric generator located inside the vehicle. It is important that this process does not cause an increase in the level of the gas allocated in the device, therefore the voltage supplied to it should be exactly 14.1 volts with an error plus-minus 0.2 volt. The regulation function in the auto system performs a special relay. But the total charge of the automotive battery is able to provide a current with a voltage of 14.5 volts.

As a result, in any battery, there is always a shortage of charge, which increases with the natural wear of the batteries and the loss of them laid by the resource manufacturer. Especially acute this problem is manifested in winter timeWhen the batteries of cars under the influence of cold begin to discharge faster. The battery can be too low that the car does not start.

How to charge a car battery?

Recharge the battery for a passenger car You can using a special device purchased in the store. Connection should be strictly according to the rules and recommendations specified in the instructions on this product. It is undesirable to use homemade gland, as this can cause a breakdown of the power unit.

If you need to charge new battery, It should be pre-remove it from the car and attributed to the right place for this. But if there is no such possibility, then you can do it and when it is directly in the car itself. But before that, it is necessary to take care of safety measures.

Battery Charging: Precautions

Charging the battery should be carried out in compliance with the following security requirements:

Use protection tools. Working with batteries is allowed only in the chemical effects of rubber gloves and glasses, which protect the appropriate parts of the body from acid damage;
Choosing a suitable place. Car batteries need to be charged in well-ventilated rooms or on the street. It is impossible to do this in a house or apartment where people live, since different hazardous substances are distinguished during the process (for example, sulfur gas). It is better to do this in the garage or technical room, where the air is constantly circulating;
Compliance with the rules of fire safety. Being near the car battery connected to a DC or AC, it is impossible to smoke, breed a fire or apply devices that create sparks. The highlighted hydrogen can enter into chemical contact with oxygen, which forms a dangerous and explosive mixture.

Preparation for charging automotive batteries

Before charging the battery for the car, it is necessary to prepare it to this process. In order to save time, you can not remove the car battery, but to bring the electrical wires from the charger directly to the car itself. This can be done in an open garage, which is equipped with electrical outlets. The most important thing is to turn off all the wires from the bacteria located in the automotive body.

The second method is that the device is connected to the battery, which is pre-removed from the machine. Before charging the battery, it should be completely discharged. To do this, it can be connected to its conclusions to external lighting devices and leave for a few hours.

Estimation of the state of batteries

Initially, you need to make sure that the terminals of the product are well cleaned with lubrication and dirt. If this is not the case, then the battery must be wiped with a dry cloth from the fabric. It is necessary to remove the lid and unscrew the special protective plugs. It is important to check the electrolyte in each bank, making sure that the liquid is clean and transparent. If you have noticed that the electrolyte has become a dark muddy color or "flakes" swim in it, it should be replaced.

In addition, check the level of electrolyte, focusing on the marks that are applied on the walls of the product. If your batteries need to recharge, then you first need to fill the amount of fluid. Otherwise, this will lead to full or partial damage to the product during the use of the appropriate devices. For this purpose, distilled water is poured into cars (battery capacity).

Checking the charge level in power devices

Determine the charge degree of the battery for a passenger car by voltage measured in volts on its terminals. It should be done no earlier than 6 hours after turning off the product from the power supply scheme of the vehicle. You can use the simplest voltmeter that is sold at the electrical outlet.

If the voltmeter shows 12.8 volts, then this means that the battery managed to charge 100 percent. At a voltage of 12.2 volts, the driver should be aware that it lost its resource half. And when the voltage rate is less than 11.8 volts, this is evidence that the power device is completely discharged.

Determining the level of charge of power elements in vehicles using a voltmeter

If it is not possible to wait, then you can check the charge already used by the battery at its output at the time of engine start. In this case, the voltage should not fall below the mark of 9.5 volts. Or you can measure the voltage on its output contacts under load using special loading forks. Such a product is a voltmeter, to the conclusions of which the resistance is connected from 0.018 to 0.020 ohms. This is enough for products with a capacity from 40 to 60 amps / hour. Conclusions need to be brought to battery contacts and after 6 seconds to secure the testimony of the voltmeter. The result can be defined by the table below.

Determining the level of charge using the load plug

What power of the current should be charged the battery?

Current requirements that are used for these purposes are sufficiently rigid. According to the rules measurable in amperes, the force is exactly 1/10 on the capacity of the devices. For example, if the capacity of the battery is 60 amps / hour, the current strength must be 6 amps.

If the power member of the vehicle is completely discharged, it is desirable to reduce this indicator. For example, to power devices with a capacity of 45 amp / hour, the current of 2.8 amp should be set. Such a step will make the process of recharging deep and efficient, but also increase it in time.

How to charge the battery at home

Contacts Passions are connected to the terminals of the machine element sequentially - first plus to the plus and only then minus to minus (and only after that it is included in the outlet);
If charging the car battery is inside the machine, it is necessary to turn it off from the onboard power supply of the vehicle;
The process must be controlled at all its stages. This also applies to those cases if an automatic memory is used. If something goes wrong, then the product may fail or even explode. You can not surpass next to those places where other people or minor children are;
The number of charges of the power element is limited, as it depends on the resource laid in it.

What time is it required?

It depends on how much the battery is discharged. For example, if this happened 100 percent, then when using the current force in 1/10, the process will last at least 15 hours. If the motorist accepted the decision to use a reduced current force (to obtain a better result), the duration of the procedure will increase on average up to 24 hours.

If the power element of the machine has already been discharged by 50 percent, then it is necessary to reduce the duration of the standard procedure by 2 times. For example, if the capacity of the product is 65 amps / hour, but the motorist was able to determine that it was discharged by 50 percent, then in this case the standard recharging with a current of 6.5 amps should continue for 15 hours, and exactly 7.5 hour.

Simple at first glance, the charging of the car battery is actually not so primitive, as it seems. Damage from not the right action when charging the battery can be calculated by thousands, and sometimes hundreds of thousands of rubles (meaning the cases of the CZ followed by fire). And not the worst, if you can't get frosty in the morning, it happens during the charge, the battery explodes, spreading everything next to the engine compartment.

About how to charge your car battery and get the maximum possible from it. You can read below, or watch a video with a simplified way of charging the battery:

Not for anyone will not be a revelation that in the conditions of the Russian climate of the battery (rechargeable batteries) work is far from the settlement mode. For non-fresh note that the batteries fail not only because of non-charging, but also due to recharge. I will explain the beginners - the generator malfunctions are possible when it gives an increased current and recharges the battery. Or simply not an experienced motorist charges with its own hands.

The low degree of charge (the battery is not refunded) in the cold climate conditions is the main cause of plate sulfate, and in severe cases it can even be brought to the change of polarity of individual elements of AB (individual cans).

The high degree of charge (the battery is recharged) under warm climate conditions causes the destruction of the lattice of the plus plates and the intensive sweeping of the active mass with them.

All this leads to the failure of the battery and reduce its service life.

Therefore, in order for the rechargeable battery to work normally, it is necessary to fulfill certain control preventive operations.

First, four to five times a year, during operation, control the charging voltage of the AB by car, check the level and density of the electrolyte, as well as contain the battery itself and its terminals cleanly (to eliminate increased self-discharge). It is also possible to occasionally produce control cycles charge-alarm, which will determine the degree of sulfate of the work plates and detain the process of their further sulfate.

Secondly, during the period of long-term inaction or storage of AB, their periodic discharge / charging is particularly necessary. Store the battery is better in the cool room, by this you will prolong its service life. This is simply explained - the speed of the chemical reaction is the higher, the higher the temperature (in the acid battery, even during the period of downtime, chemical reactions occur).

To fulfill these conditions, at least minimum inventory is required:

Charging the battery by car

(How to charge the maintenance-free battery by car)

Many owners of modern cars are interested in the question: is it possible to charge the maintenance-free battery without removing it from the car (without disconnecting from the on-board network)?

The presence of this issue is associated with the abundance of control and additional electronics. When removing the battery, information is erased from the memory of the operational storage device of the engine control unit, the settings of the control climate, the tape recorder, etc. are knocked down. Some advanced acoustic systems after turning off the power require reuse of the control / operating program! (My friend once paid 2t.r. For the installation of the "Operations" on the Krazierius after removing the battery for recharging and even in the additives went 2 months without music).

In connection with the foregoing, it is perhaps to be relevant to charge the maintenance-free battery directly by car. Only, several recommendations should be performed:

1) the car must be in the warm garage, if possible, dry;

2) Before you start charging, you should give an excerpt for a few hours to warm up the battery to room temperature (if before that car stood in the cold);

3) in the process of preparation for charging and during her ignition and all additional electrical devices connected in addition to ignition must be disabled, or translated into sleep mode;

4) Immediately before charging (perhaps in any case of charging) you need to remove the parameters from the battery: electrolyte density to banks (if possible), electrolyte transparency, voltage on battery stamps. And based on them to present in advance in which charging need a battery (full or partial);

5) the battery charging process by car is similar to charging discontinued battery, with the only difference that in the immediate vicinity of the battery there are conductive elements of the car. Therefore, care must be taken. If you, for example, the habit of closing the hood and clocked them the charger terminals, it will be very unpleasant (and perhaps expensive). For the same reason, the charger should be connected to the stamps of the battery in the state disconnected from the mains and with the maximum reduced current. After that, connect the charger to the network and gradually increase the strength of the battery charge current. In a word, it is possible to reduce the voltage jumps as possible when charging the battery by car. Of course, there must be a consistently good contact of the charger with the battery.

But proceed to the study of the car battery charging directly:

Methods for charging batteries:

Each methods have their own positive and negative sides:

Charging the battery at a constant current

The battery charge is performed with a constant charging current equal to:

I \u003d Q / 10 - for acid batteries,

I \u003d Q / 4 - for alkaline batteries, where Q is the passport capacity of the battery (A * H), I - the average charging current, A.

Acid batteries are especially sensitive to deviating charging parameters from nominal. It has been established that charging is excessively high leads to deformation of plates and even to their destruction. The charging current recommended in the instruction manual of the battery provides the optimal flow of electrochemical processes in the battery and its normal operation for a long time.

The degree of battery charge can be monitored by the density values \u200b\u200bof the electrolyte and voltage (for acid batteries) and only voltage (for alkaline batteries). More details here ..

The end of the charging of the acid battery is characterized by setting the voltage on one element of the battery, equal to 2.5-2.6 V.

Acid batteries are sensitive to subwayers and recharging, so charging should be cheaply.

Alkaline CB is less critical to the modes. For them, the completion of charging is characterized by setting on one element of a constant voltage of 1.6-1.7 V.

Below we will consider charging acid batteries, since they are more common and more critical to operating modes and charging.

To maintain current consistency during the entire charge process, a control device is necessary.

In addition, it is necessary to periodically measure the density and temperature of the electrolyte, as well as the battery voltage in order to determine the end of the charge on time. If for 2 hours the density of the electrolyte and the battery voltage remain constant, and when charging, the rapid gas release is noticeably charged - the battery is fully charged.

The lack of such a method is the need for permanent (every 1.5-2 hours) control and control of the charging current, as well as abundant gas dividing at the end of the charge.

To reduce gas dividing and increasing the degree of battery charges, a stepped decrease in current force is appropriate as the charging voltage increases. When the voltage reaches 14.4 V, the charging current is reduced twice (2.75 amps for the battery with a capacity of 55 Ah) and with such a current, the charge is continued before the start of gas release. When charging batteries last generationwhich do not have holes for taking water, it is advisable to increase the charging voltage to 15 to reduce the current twice again.

As already written above, the battery is considered to be fully charged when the current and voltage during charge are saved unchanged for 1-2 hours.

When charging modern non-maintained AB, this state occurs at a voltage of 16.3-16.4 V, depending on the composition of the alloys of the lattices and the purity of the electrolyte.

Usually, the new battery is charged from 3 to 8 hours. In order not to have an explosion of the gas released at the end of the charge, it is impossible to bring an open flame to the battery or disconnect the charger by disconnecting the wires under load, you should not use the load fork on this time; Prober. If the electrolyte temperature during charge rises above + 45 ° C, stop the charge and allow the electrolyte cool to + 30 ° C.

If at the end of the charge, the electrolyte density will be less than or more required, it is necessary to select the rubber pear part of the electrolyte and praised the concentrated electrolyte in the battery in the battery in the first case, and in the second - distilled water. Then continue the charge for half an hour and again check the density of the electrolyte. Sometimes several adjustments may be required before the electrolyte density becomes normal. However, in most cases, this procedure is not required.

As you can see, when charging the current constancy method, everything is done slowly, the battery is charged for quite a long time and must be constantly under control.

During the charge of a constant current, the surface of the electrode is primarily saturated, and it prevents the development of the driving process.

But there are cases when it is very necessary to go, and the battery can not start the engine. For owners of cars with a manual box, the yield is obvious - to start what is called "from the pusher". But the owners of the car with automatic transmission Should either "see" from the car donor, or quickly recharge your battery. Well, the charging method will be called - "accelerated" or "forced".

Accelerated, or forced, battery charge.

Accelerated, or forced, battery charge serves the only purpose - in the shortest possible time to bring the discharged battery into the working condition, which is achieved Application of large charged currents.

The method is similar to the previous one, with the only difference that the current of the current when charging exceeds 10% of the battery tank. As a rule, it takes on the maximum current issued by the charger (there is a widespread automotive chargers at the moment) which is actually not quite large and rarely translated over 10-15a. However, you should not exceed the current equal to Q. Before charging, it is necessary to warm up the battery to room temperature (in practice, as a rule, the forced charge is applied in winter to start a frozen car), and in the process of charging if the electrolyte temperature rises above + 45 ° C, stop the charge And let the electrolyte cool up to + 30 ° C.

The forced charge of AB though and let's say, but try to avoid it, because his repetition significantly reduces battery life and therefore will not speak more about the accelerated charge. Because The main goal of the forced charge is the engine in the shortest possible time as a rule, the battery does not charge until the full capacity is restored. Due to this, after solving the tasks of paramount importance, the AKB should be filled with any of the proposed methods of "delicate" charging. You should not hope that the working car refares the battery to normal. As already mentioned during the operation of a serviceable car, the voltage in the onboard network is supported by 13.9-14.4V, and 16.3-16.4V must for complete charging. Chronic "underwear" is extremely cunning. You are operating a car as usual, nothing suspicious notice. At the same time, a charged at 70-85% battery perfectly copes with its main responsibilities (with a more or less fit engine). However, the battery life is significantly reduced, and its backup container has always falls. In the end, you will feel this after a short parking with electrical appliances included (light, radio, etc.), but it will be too late.

If the situation forces you to resort to a forced charge (you need to urgently start a car), for the greatest effectiveness of the measures done, it is worth performing a number of actions:

1) unscrew and blow the carburetrators with the carburetors of the incandescent candle, after which itching them and dry on the heating battery (in no case do not calculate the expensive candles on the gas - it can kill them).

2) cover the engine, and put it as it be a portable heating device (adequately placing it from the point of view of fire safety).

3) It will not hurt to put the heater and to the salon - it can improve your mood in the future.

4) Clean the battery stamps and response stamps on the car.

5) In the first start attempt (seconds 10-20), keep the throttle completely open. Most engine control systems at this point include the purge mode in which the nozzles are turned off. It will help you to remove the surplus gasoline from the combustion chambers, and increase your chances of a good engine start.

Accumulator control cycle of batteries

Control and training cycle of batteries (abbreviated CTC) is as follows. The battery is fully charged with a constant current, then discharge the current of the 10-hour mode to the voltage of 10.2 V and again give a full charge. This cycle allows you to evaluate actual capacity And the real possibilities of the "elderly" battery, and a series of cycles in some cases improves electrical indicators, if the battery is still suitable for future use.

You should not only carry out this operation without need, since each CTC takes part of the battery resource part. The principle here is: for its life, the battery can give a completely definite amount of energy, and each full digit corresponds to about 0.5 1.0% of this amount.

Charging the battery at constant voltage

When charging this method, the degree of charge charges at the end of the charge directly depends on the charging voltage value, which provides the charger. For example, for 24 hours of continuous charge at a voltage of 14.4 in a 12-volt battery, it charges by 75-85%, at a voltage of 15 V - by 85-90%, and at a voltage of 16 in 95-97%. It is possible to fully charge the battery for 20-24 hours at a voltage of the charger 16.3 -16.4 V.

At the first moment of inclusion, the charging current can reach a large value, depending on the internal resistance (container) of the battery. Therefore, the charger is supplied with circuit solutions that limit the maximum charge current.

As they charge, the voltage at the outputs of the battery is gradually approaching the voltage of the charger, and the charging current value, respectively, is reduced and approaches zero at the end of the charge (if the value of the charging voltage of the rectifier is below the voltage of the gas evolution). This allows the charge without the participation of a person in fully automatic mode. Typically, the criterion for the end of charge in such devices is the achievement of voltage at the outputs of the battery during its charge, equal to 14.4 + 0.1 V. However, for a satisfactory (90-95%) charge of modern maintenance-free batteries using the charged devices produced by industry The maximum charging voltage is 14.4 h-14.5 V, it will take more than a day.

Undoubtedly, this method is very convenient, as you do not need to adjust the charging current and monitor the battery under charge, there are no gas emissions from the battery. But you cannot charge the battery in this way. Therefore, using basically the battery power method with a constancy of the voltage, try to periodically combine it with a full charge when the current strength is constant.

The methods of charging batteries at constant current and constant voltage Equal from the point of view of their influence on the durability of the battery. From the point of view of the depth and completeness of the charge, the first way is better. But this method requires greater time and continuous control over the charge process. Battery charge with voltage constant, although it does not provide a complete battery charge, allows you to maintain it in working condition. This way the battery is charged by car (13.9-14.4V).

What is the method of charge of a non-servant battery apply - this is, of course, the case of taste, but it is better not to regret the time and charge the battery with the constancy of the current strength or alternate these methods.

During operation, the plates of car batteries are gradually sulphated, it increasingly reduces the battery capacity. The most effective ways to combat sulfate are an alternate charge-discharge of a battery or transmitting the so-called "asymmetric" charging current through it.

Battery charging pulse current

Under the pulsed charge of the battery, the use of current, which changes its value or voltage periodically, at certain time intervals. By the nature of these indicators, the pulse current is divided into two varieties: pulsating and asymmetrical (clarifications, see below).

Charging pulsating current

Fig. 1.1. The charge of a pulsating current: SZ - the capacity reported by the battery during the pulse T.

The pulsating current is called this in which the value varies from zero to the maximum value, while maintaining its polarity. Example Characteristics of the pulsating current is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Charging asmetry current

Asymmetric, or reversible, current is determined by the presence of reverse amplitude (see example in Fig. 1.2), in other words, in each cycle it changes its polarity. However, the amount of electricity flowing under direct polarity is greater than when inverse (the ratio of the charger and the discharge components is 10: 1, and the pulse durations are 1: 2), which provides the battery charge.

Fig. 1.2. The charge asymmetric current: SZ - the capacity reported by the battery during the pulse T3; CP - Capacity removed from the battery during the TP pulse.

This method allows not only to restore the efficiency of the accumulated batteries, but also to carry out prophylactic processing of good.

Charging the battery voobbridge (Ampere's rule)

In 1953, Woodbridge was formed by the so-called AMPER-hour law, the value of the battery charge current (in amps) should not exceed the magnitude of the missing charge to the full capacity (in amps-hours).

A simple and very useful rule of which I try to stick.

On the known methods for restoring the capacity of batteries and the way to make the charger yourself, you can read On the second page of this article.

(AKB) is a specially developed type of lead battery for motorized transport and serves to start the engine and operating onboard electrical equipment when the engine is stopped.

The battery in the car is charging from the electrical generator. To extend the battery life and protect the electrical equipment of the car from overvoltage after the generator, the relay controller is installed, which limits the voltage to 14.1 ± 0.2 V. In order for the battery to be charged 100% to it, the voltage of at least 14.5 V. should be completely charged by a car generator, even with long trips, it is impossible and the need to periodically charge the battery with a network charger.

When warm on the street, you can start the engine from the battery charged by only 20%. With the occurrence of frosts, the battery capacity is reduced by more than twice, and the starting current due to the thickened oil in the engine, significantly increases. As a result, if you do not charge the car battery before the onset of the cold, then you cannot start the engine without a "cigarette".

What current and how much time you need to charge
Car battery

With standard charge mode, recommended by the battery manufacturers, the value of the charge must be 10% of the battery capacity, and the fully discharged battery is charged 15 hours. For example, with a battery capacity of 45 A, the charge current must be 4.5 A. Better to charge less current and longer times. For example, the battery with a capacity of 45 and h is charged with a current of 2.8 and within 24 hours.

If the battery is discharged by 50%, then in the field "Enter the battery capacity" you need to enter the value of half from its factory capacitance. For example, for a battery with a capacity of 60 and h, it will be necessary to enter a value of 30 a h.

As you can see for right choice The battery charging time must be determined to what extent it is discharged. A motorist is available to several ways that are shown below.

How to find out that the battery fully charged

If it is not possible to determine the residual battery capacity, then you can determine the moment of its complete charging using a voltmeter. When, during charging, the stress on its terminals will cease to increase with a constant charge current for more than an hour, it means that the battery charged 100%. The current consumed by the current will start consuming only on its heating.

For modern non-serviced batteries, the voltage must reach the value 16.2 ± 0.1 Vwhich depends on the charge current, battery capacity, electrolyte density and other factors, and is reference. Under these measurements, you can use a voltmeter with any error, since it does not require accurate measurement of the voltage, and its constancy.

How to determine the battery charge

To determine the time and values \u200b\u200bof the charging current, it is necessary to find out the degree of battery charge. Of the existing methods of measurement, the following is available to the motorist:

on the voltage at the outputs of the battery without load;
by electrolyte density (for batteries with liquid acid);
on the voltage on the outputs of the battery load for a fork;
on the voltage on the outputs of the battery under the load of the electrical equipment of the car;
according to the built-in hydrometric indicator.

It is impossible to measure the degree of battery charge to be accurate, since there are no techniques for practical application. It is only possible to estimate it measuring the voltage on the outputs of the battery or the density of the electrolyte (only in batteries with a liquid electrolyte).

Measurement of the voltage values \u200b\u200bon the outputs without load

The table shows the data for any types of acid batteries with a nominal voltage of 6, 12 and 24 V. The data corresponds to a temperature of 20-25 ° C.

Measure the voltage at the outputs of the battery is recommended in the state of its rest, not earlier than through six o'clock After turning off the battery from the car or charger schema.

Measuring electrolyte density

If in the battery, the liquid electrolyte, that is, the possibility in the presence of a carometer, determine the degree of its charging measurement of the electrolyte density. The data in the table corresponds to the temperature of 20-25 ° C. The voltage to which the battery is calculated on the density of the electrolyte does not affect.

Using a load fork

Without expectations, you can check the degree of battery charge, measuring the voltage at its outputs under load. For this, there are load plugs, which are a voltmeter with a 12.018-0.020 ohm connected by the resistance parallel (for battery with a capacity of 40-60 A h). The plug connects to the accumulation of the battery and after 5-7 seconds, the testimony of the voltmeter is removed.

The photo shows the battery capacity using the WIN-10 loader. Though the plug and the simplest, but allows with sufficient accuracy to estimate the degree of charge of the battery. The voltmeter showed 9.5 V. According to data from the above table, we define that the battery is charged by 60%.

By voltage under the load of the car's electrical equipment

If there is no load plug and the battery is connected to the on-board network of the car, then you can load the battery, turning on the overall lights and headlights. Since the power of the headlight light bulbs is at least 50 W, then the load current will be at least 10 A. The measured voltage at a fairly charged battery must be at least 11.2 B..

Another way to evaluate the degree of battery charge is to measure the voltage at its outputs during the start of the engine. With a good starter, the voltage should not fall below 9.5 V.. If the voltage drops below 9.5 V, the battery is greatly discharged, and it must be charged. By the way, this method can determine the serviceability of the starter.. If a serviceable and fully charged battery is installed in the car, then the voltage drop on the battery terminals during the engine starts below 9.5 V indicates a malfunction at the starter.

Since the voltage value depending on the degree of battery charge changes in tenths of volts, then the voltmeter must be high accuracy. A voltmeter having an error of measurements of only 1% will already give an error in the results of the charge degree of 10%. Therefore, to determine the degree of charge battery voltage, a device with measurement error is not worse than 0.1%.

On the built-in hydrometric indicator

In some models of car batteries, a hydrometric indicator is embedded to evaluate the degree of their charge, which is a transparent eye, as in the photo.

The hydrometric indicator allows without instruments to estimate the battery status. If the eyes of the indicator glows greenThis means that the battery is charged by more than 60%. This degree of charge acb is quite sufficient for confident start-up of the engine and the electrical equipment of the car.

In case the eye is blunt and dark, as in the photo on the left, then the charge degree of the battery, below 60%, and for trouble-free starting of the engine in any weather the battery is required to recharge from the charger. And if the eye of the indicator is colorless and light, the photo on the right, the level of electrolyte in this bank, below the norm and should be addressed to it distilled water.

The hydrometric indicator is designed in such a way that with an insufficient level of electrolyte in the battery bank can not work and that is why.

The hydrometric indicator is a cork swirled into the housing one of the battery cans in which a transparent tube (light guide) is installed. At the end of this tube, a V-shaped tube is enshrined with a plastic sleeve, in which the green ball is placed. The lighting tube is sealed, and in the V-shaped electrolyte can be free. The weight and volume of the ball are selected in such a way that with an electrolyte density of 1.226 g / cm 3 at 20 ° C, it pops up (in the drawing position 1), and with a smaller density rolled into position 2. Thus, if the battery is charged by more than 60% , the ball through the eye of the indicator is visible, and if the degree of charge is smaller, then only the electrolyte is visible. In the case of a decrease in the level of electrolyte below the V-shaped tube, entering the light through the light of the indicator is reflected from the surface of the electrolyte and the reflected light is visible through the eye.

Unfortunately, the hydrometric indicator has a number of serious disadvantages, due to which its accuracy is low. The fact is that when the electrolyte temperature changes, its density changes greatly, with a decrease in temperature, it increases. Therefore, for example, at air temperature minus 30 ° C, the indicator will show that the battery is charged by 60%, and in just 40%. In addition, the indicator controls the state of only the banks of the battery, in which it is installed, and the status of the other cans can be judged only indirectly.

Car battery charging rules

The battery is a source of DC and when it is connected, the polarity must be observed. Battery conclusions are marked. The positive conclusion is indicated by the sign " + ", And a negative sign" - " At the outputs of the charger for connecting the battery, there is also the same marking. When connecting the battery for charging, you need a positive output " + »Battery connect with positive charger output, and negative" - "- with negative. If connecting the polarity of the connection, then the battery instead of charging will be discharged and even output the charger.

The cross-section of the wires for connecting the battery to the charger must be at least 1 mm 2, which corresponds to the wire diameter without an insulation of 1.3 mm.

Before charging, the battery removed from the car needs to be cleaned of dirt and rub its surface to remove acid residues with a cloth moistened with an aqueous solution of soda prepared at the calculation of a tablespoon of soda on a glass of water. If the acid is on the surface, then the aqueous solution of soda is foaming.

If the battery has corks for the pouring of the acid, then all the plugs need to be turned out, so that the gases that generated during charging in the battery can freely exit. Be sure to check the level of electrolyte, and if it is less than the required, add distilled water.

According to the theory, it is possible to charge the battery current that lacks the container to complete charging. That is, if the battery has a capacity of 50 a h and is charged by half, then at the first moment the charge can be set a current of 25 A and with each minute it is reduced, up to zero with a complete charge. This principle employs some automatic chargers that allow only a few hours to fully charge the car battery. But such chargers are very expensive. Yes, and the need for them will not arise if you charge the battery in advance.

Although some chargers allow charging in semi-automatic mode, I still prefer to charge the battery in manual mode. As a rule, the battery is not more than half, so knowing its container, it is not difficult to calculate the charge time. For example, for 50 a h of the battery, it is necessary to submit it for the full charge, taking into account the loss of the current 30 a h. I exhibit the charge current 3 A, and after 10 hours the battery will be fully charged. For a guaranteed battery full charge, if time allows, you can set a current of 0.5 A and in this mode to continue to charge the battery as long as time. For car batteries large tank Such a charge current is safe.

If the time is pressed, you can first charge the battery to the current, say, 8 and for three hours, and then reduce the current to 6 A and charge another hour. The battery will be charged in just 4 hours. But, all, the optimal regime for charging is a small current, 2-3 A. With such a current, reloading and overheating of the battery, which strongly reduce its service life. All ingenious ways of charge to reduce the sulfate plates of the battery, as practice shows no more than the theory. If the battery mode is observed (the full discharge is not allowed), high quality acid battery will last from 3 to 5 years, at best seven.

Is it permissible to charge a car battery
under negative temperature

Yes, permissible, but not in all cases. During charging, the battery heats up, and after a while the electrolyte temperature will be higher than zero. You will go on the car in the winter at a negative air temperature, and the generator regularly recharges the battery even at a temperature of minus 30 ° C.

The battery is unacceptable to charge, if it is in a highly discharged state, it was frost and the electrolyte turned into ice, which can be formed at a temperature of minus 10˚С. The frozen battery must be transferred to the warm room and start charging only after the ice melts.

Charging from the phone

I often ask the question of the possibility of charging a car battery from charging devices designed to charge mobile phones, cameras and similar devices.

Such charging devices are not suitable for charging a car battery. the following reasons.

A prerequisite for the current from the charging device of the flow into the battery is the presence of a voltage charging device at the output exceeding the voltage on the battery terminals. For battery 12 V voltage at the output of the charger should be at least 14 V. And the output voltage of most chargers for mobile phones is 1.5-6 V.

Is it possible to charge a car battery
Power supply from a laptop

The laptop charger has a voltage of 18 V at the output, but if you connect it directly to the terminals of the car battery, it will be equivalent to a short circuit of the block outputs, the protection will work and the current will not flow. This is due to the fact that the internal resistance of the car battery is the units of Omms and the direct connection of the charger is equivalent to a short circuit of its conclusions.

But if you turn on the light bulb from the headlight of the car in the break of one of the wires, it will perform the current limiter function and, in this case, the car battery can be charged. True charging current will not exceed 2 A and it will be necessary to charge a fully discharged battery with a capacity of 50 A 50% about 20 hours.

Is it possible to charge the battery
without disconnecting from the onboard network of the car

When charging the battery, the voltage on its terminals can reach, depending on the type of charger, 16 V. Even when the ignition key is removed from the ignition lock, then some devices are connected, for example, the system of security alarm, the lighting light bulb, trunk. Depending on the car model, other devices can be connected. Thus, instead of the maximum allowable supply voltage passport, the devices will be fed more to the device, which can lead to their failure. Thus, if you are not sure that all the devices are delayed with the key from the ignition lock, it is better not to risk and before charging the battery, turn off its negative output from the on-board network.

Why negative? Because the negative battery output is connected to the on-board network of the car by directly connecting to the body using a threaded connection. If you turn off, the positive output of the battery is first, you can accidentally touch the wrench to metal engine or body parts. It turns out a short circuit.

How to safely start a car
from the battery of another car (see)

No one is insured against the case when the donor battery needs to start the engine of its own car, or as people say "Seek". Usually connect the same terminals of batteries with interspersed with crocodiles with crocodiles, add gas, and start the engine of another car, leaving its operating. Such "Cursting" can remove the electronics of the modern electrical equipment of the car and should not be surprised if you immediately or after some time in your car there was a malfunction. But how to "divide" correctly? The answer is very simple.

In the winter, before you give "Currently", you need to start your car and warm the engine for at least five minutes. Move the engine. In the car, which got a battery, you must first disconnect the terminal from the minus output of the battery, and then connect the wires to cure to the positive output and to the terminal removed from the negative output of the battery.

Since the current consumed by the starter when the engine starts is about 100 A, the cross section of the cigaretteel wires should be at least 10 mm 2, which corresponds to the wire diameter without taking into account the insulation of 3.6 mm.

The second ends of the wires are connected to the conclusions of the donor. Start the engine, give it to work for a couple of minutes, and without stopping to disable the wires of the cigarette lighter.

The automotive generator generated electricity is enough for the power of the entire electrical equipment of the car. Connect negative output onboard network to a regular battery.

For a faster recharging of the battery, you must try to go on low gears to provide at least 3000 engine rolling / min. With such revolutions, the car generator will produce sufficient to power the electrical equipment and charging the battery current.

For a guaranteed next engine start after its cooling, it is necessary to immediately charge the battery from the charger.

How does the full-time battery affect the service life

Negative. Especially dangerous complete category for modern non-serviced batteries. How manufacturers of such batteries warn, even one-time full discharge can output the battery. Of personal experience I will say that I have happened twice the discharge-free battery to zero (forgot the overall lights in the summer), but the serious consequences did not occur. True, I no longer allowed the third time, put the signaling device, which, when opening a driver's door when the engine is turned off, but the included dimensions and headlights made a signal.

What time is the battery
can save performance without recharging

Storage time of a fully charged battery disconnected from the on-board network depends on its container. Internal leakage currents make up about 10 mA. Knowing it easy time to calculate. Taking into account the permissible discharge of the battery to 30% of the initial container, for 50 a h of the battery, we obtain 50 / 3,3 \u003d 16 and h - this is a permissible degree of discharge. It means that the battery can give a capacity of 50 a h-16 a h \u003d 34 a h. Now 34 A divide by 0.01 A h and it turns out 3400 hours or 141 days, about 5 months. It should be noted that the storage of the discharged battery at a temperature below minus 10 ° C is unacceptable, since the density of the electrolyte will decrease, and it will turn into ice, which deforms the battery and displays it.

If the battery is connected to the on-board network of the vehicle, then due to the leakage currents in electrical equipment, the time will be twice as much as possible, and will be 2,5 months.

If alarm is connected, it also consumes the current, which, depending on the model of the security system, is from 0.02 and h to 0.05 and h. The alarm consumption current can be found from its passport. In this case, the time, with a current of consumption by alarm 0.02 a h, will be 1.2 months, and at a current of 0.05 and h 20 days. With negative air temperatures, time will decrease by half and will be 10 days.

How to check the leakage current in the electrical equipment of the car

Sometimes motorists complain that a fully charged battery, even when the machine is not operated, quickly discharged and after a week idle time it is impossible to run. One of the reasons for this behavior of the car can be a high leakage current in electrical equipment.

To measure the current leakage of electrical equipment, it is necessary to remove the terminal with the negative output of the battery and into the gap between the battery output and the terminal removed to turn on, observing the polarity, the DC ammeter, as shown in the photo. In order not to keep the diploma of the multimeter in the hand, it is advisable to use the segment of the copper wire with a retainer on the end with a bare wire in the ring on the diameter of the battery terminal.

During the measurements, all electrical appliances must be turned off (the key should not be in the ignition lock), including, and disabled from the car chart a security alarm. If the current exceeds 10 mA, then there is a malfunction in electrical wiring or equipment.

If it is difficult to disconnect the alarm, then the measurements can be carried out without shutdown. Then the ammeter will show the total current - the leakage current in electrical equipment and consumed by the alarm, the value of which should lie within 50-100 mA. If the current is larger, then in the electrical wiring or electrical equipment of the machine there is a malfunction.

As can be seen in the photo, the total current consumption in this car is 50 mA. When measuring the readings, approximately a second periodicity will be increased by several milliamperes. This is normal and associated with the operation of the security alarm system. At the same time, the value of current consumption from the battery will be the same, both when the alarm system is turned on with the keyfob and when the off is turned off. When the security alarm is turned on and off, due to the current consumption of the central lock system, the current will be observed for a couple of seconds to 3-5 A. and if the current of such a value flows more time, then it means one of the doors activators.

How to choose a car battery when buying

Sooner or later, every motorist faces the need to replace the battery in the car. When buying a new battery, you must consider the following questions:

– dimensions battery and the ability to fix it in your car;

– The order of location on the battery of the advantage and minus conclusions;

– Date of issueif you do not find the release date on the label or has passed for more than 3 months from the date of release, then such a battery is better not to buy;

– Battery voltage and its capacity in a h. Capacity should be equal, and better greater than a regular battery.
All the statements that with greater capacity there will be a larger wear of the brush collector assembly of the starter, have nothing to do with reality. According to the law of Ohm, the current in the chain is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. Starter resistance with increasing battery capacity has not changed, voltage too. Consequently, the value of the start current will remain the same and no additional wear of the brush-collector assembly of the starter when installing a larger capacitance can not be, by definition;

– Starting Cold Scroll Current at -18 ° C in amperes (a), the more, the better. For reference, the minimum and the same in the magnitude of the starting current for different standards is marked with different values: DIN (Europe, Russia) - 170 A, EN (Europe, Russia) - 280 A, SEA (USA) - 300 A;

– Battery type It does not matter if you like to engage in chemistry (topping distilled water into battery banks, measure the electrolyte density with a steamer), take an ordinary battery. Otherwise, buy a non-servant battery;

– Buy battery need in specialized auto storesThe more expensive it is, the usual is better. Take care of the payment of the battery selling the battery, bonded in the warranty card.

And it's easier to not be set in numerous questions, you need to draw (take pictures) from the label of the old battery, its type and purchase the same.

How to check in the car
Battery charge regulator relay

To do this, run the car engine and, not including electrical devices, changing the engine speed (manipulating gas pedal) measure the voltage at the battery terminals. The magnitude of the voltage must be within 13.9 V-14.3 V. If the voltage at large engine speeds is less than the specified value, then the generator or relay controller is faulty, it might weakened the belt tension transmitting torque from the motor shaft to the generator. If the voltage is greater, the relay controller is faulty and its repair or replacement is required. With small engine speeds, the voltage can be less than 13.9 V and it is normal.

How to check the operation of a car generator without appliances

To check the health of the car generator, you need to remove the terminal with the negative battery conclusions when working. Next, without pressing the gas pedal to turn on successively Far light, fan stove and heater rear glass. The engine must continue to work consistently, only slightly reduce the turnover. If, when you turn on the next device, the engine strokes, then you need to re-run it and make the actions described above, having previously increased the turnover to 1500. With good operation of the generator, the engine should not be stuck.

Is it possible to install two batteries in the car
and connect them in parallel

Yes. When the battery was discharged in your car and you "cigarette" your car from the battery of another car, then practically connect two batteries in parallel (so "dent" is not correct). Installing in the car and connect two or more automotive batteries in parallel, while the capacity of them and the technical condition does not have the value. The main thing is that they are designed for the same voltage and were in good condition. Before parallel connection, both batteries are fully charged. In the future, when operating, if you need to charge the battery, you will need to charge both batteries. You can first take off and charge one battery so as not to leave the car without a security device, and then the second.

Is it possible to ride a car with an unfinished battery

Some motorists are tapered to fix the battery after charging or replacement. As a result, with sharp maneuvers of the car, the plastic battery case may damage the sharp edges of the parts of the car body and come into disrepair. The constant movement of the battery during driving leads to the friction of its walls about the body body, which can lead to the same consequences. In addition, due to the movement of the battery, the conductive wires are constantly bent, which can lead to their cliff. In the case of a serious accident, which will fly the loose battery and seriousness possible consequences Hard to say. The conclusion is obvious, the battery must be securely fixed.

How not to leave a car during charging
without security alarm

When charging a car battery, it is usually removed from the car at the time of charging. In this case, the car remains without electronic system Security alarm. Rarely who has a spare car battery for substitution. But it is not necessary to have it, you can do the battery on 12V small capacity, for example, from the uninterruptible power supply computer equipment. After all, when the electrical appliances are turned off, the consumption current does not exceed 0.01 A, and if the alarm is enabled, it increases the maximum to 0.05 and h. So, for a full-fledged replacement, any battery is suitable for even 1.2 and h. Suitable Even an unsuitable battery to work in UPS due to loss of tank. Before use, the valued battery must be charged and check its performance. To check, it is enough to connect a light bulb from the headlight of the car to the outputs of the battery. If the light bulb shines in full force, the battery is valid for the substitution.

To connect the battery, you first need to prepare the wires for connecting to the borochie electro the vehicle, equip the electrical clips, and remove the insulation by 8-10 cm.

Next, you need to remove the regular battery and in its place to place the prepared battery from the UPS. By observing the polarity, the regular lugs for connecting the battery are cleaned by the wiring ends. Take the Terminals to contact the temporary battery. Ensure that the random touch of a positive tip to the metal parts of the car is excluded.

It remains to close the hood cover, doors and put a car from the key fob on the alarm. The central locking will also work too. During the battery charge, the security system will successfully perform the task assigned to it.

A bit of theory

How to check battery

Charging a permanent current

Charging by constant tension

Precautions

How often charging car battery

Charging the battery charger

What voltage charge the car battery

How to estimate the condition and charge of a car battery

How to charge a fully discharged car battery

What to charge the car battery if there is no charger

Homemade memory for car battery

Is it necessary to charge a new car battery

Other questions regarding charging automotive batteries

How to charge a car battery?

How to charge a car battery?

Battery Charging: Precautions

Preparation for charging automotive batteries

Estimation of the state of batteries

Checking the charge level in power devices

Determining the level of charge of power elements in vehicles using a voltmeter

Determining the level of charge using the load plug

What power of the current should be charged the battery?

How to charge the battery at home

What time is it required?

Charging the battery by car

(How to charge the maintenance-free battery by car)

Methods for charging batteries:

Charging the battery at a constant current

Accelerated, or forced, battery charge.

Accumulator control cycle of batteries

Charging the battery at constant voltage

Battery charging pulse current

Charging pulsating current

Charging asmetry current

Charging the battery voobbridge (Ampere's rule)

What current and how much time you need to charge Car battery

How to find out that the battery fully charged

How to determine the battery charge

Measurement of the voltage values \u200b\u200bon the outputs without load

Measuring electrolyte density

Using a load fork

By voltage under the load of the car's electrical equipment

On the built-in hydrometric indicator

Car battery charging rules

Is it permissible to charge a car battery under negative temperature

Charging from the phone

Is it possible to charge a car battery Power supply from a laptop

Is it possible to charge the battery without disconnecting from the onboard network of the car

How to safely start a car from the battery of another car (see)

How does the full-time battery affect the service life

What time is the battery can save performance without recharging

How to check the leakage current in the electrical equipment of the car

How to choose a car battery when buying

How to check in the car Battery charge regulator relay

How to check the operation of a car generator without appliances

Is it possible to install two batteries in the car and connect them in parallel

Is it possible to ride a car with an unfinished battery

How not to leave a car during charging without security alarm

Editor's Choice

What current and how much time you need to charge
Car battery

Is it permissible to charge a car battery
under negative temperature

Is it possible to charge a car battery
Power supply from a laptop

Is it possible to charge the battery
without disconnecting from the onboard network of the car

How to safely start a car
from the battery of another car (see)

What time is the battery
can save performance without recharging

How to check in the car
Battery charge regulator relay

Is it possible to install two batteries in the car
and connect them in parallel

How not to leave a car during charging
without security alarm