Transportation of oversized cargo. Permissible dimensions of cargoes How the dimensions of the vehicle are determined

Overall and weight limitations,
Acting in relation to vehicles
1. Requirements for vehicle size
1.1. The maximum length should not exceed:
Single vehicle Categories M1, N and O (trailer) - 12 m;
single two-axis vehicle categories M2 and M3 - 13.5 m;
single vehicle categories M2 and M3 with more than two axes - 15 m;
road train in the tractor and trailer (semi-trailer) - 20 m;
The articulated vehicle categories M2 and M3 - 18.75 m.
When measuring the length, the following devices mounted on a transport
Tool:
Cleaning and washing devices of windshield;
Plates of front and rear registration signs and structural elements for installation
state registration marks;





Air intake devices in the engine inlet system internal combustion;
locking devices for dismantled bodies;
steps and handrails;
Elastic buffer devices or similar equipment;
lifting platforms, ramps and similar equipment in the position for movement, not
Increasing dimensions of more than 300 mm, provided that the load capacity
vehicle is not increased;
Coupling and towing devices of vehicles;
Pipe graduation system;
Removable spoilers;
vehicle drivers with power supply from the contact network;
Exterior sunscreen visors.
1.2. Maximum vehicle width Categories M, N, O should not exceed 2.55
m. The maximum width of 2.6 m is allowed for isothermal bodies of vehicles.
When measuring the width, the following devices mounted on a transport
Tool:
Custom sealing and elements of its protection;
appliance devices and elements of their protection;







outer mirrors and other indirect visibility devices;
Supporting means of observation;
retractable steps;
Lighting devices and light alarm;

Surface.


Tool:
antennas;


Devices.

Categories M3, N3 and O

shown in Table 1.
Table 1

Number of axes
Permitted maximum
Mass, T.
Single:
Categories M3, N3:
2 18

Categories M3)
25
3 (articulated buses category M3) 28
4 (with two controlled axes) 32
Road train:
3 28
4 36
5 and more than 40

exceed the allowed values \u200b\u200bshown in Table 2.
table 2
appliance devices and elements of their protection;
tire pressure control devices;
protruding flexible parts of the system of protection against splashing from under the wheels;
For vehicles Categories M3 Entrance ramps in the position for motion, lifting
platforms and similar equipment in the position for the movement provided that these devices are not
Perform more than 10 mm for the side surface of the vehicle and the angular edges of the ramp,
directed forward and forth, have rawren radii at least 5 mm; Round radii
The remaining edges should be at least 2.5 mm;
outer mirrors and other indirect visibility devices;
Supporting means of observation;
retractable steps;
Lighting devices and light alarm;
The deforming part of the side walls of the tire directly above the point of contact with
Surface.
1.3. Maximum height Vehicle categories M, N, O should not exceed 4 m.
When measuring the height, the following devices mounted on a transport
Tool:
antennas;
Pantographs or current collectors in the raised position.
For vehicles with lifting axis, the influence of this should be taken into account
Devices.
2. Requirements for Weighing Vehicle Parameters
Categories M3, N3 and O
2.1. The maximum mass of vehicles should not exceed the allowed values,
shown in Table 1.

Table 1

table 2

It consists of 5 points providing for surface requirements for this situation.

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However, more close analysis makes it possible to determine more specific conditions applicable to the stage of transportation of large-sized containers, and other goods.

PDD signs that limit the movement of cars in size

PDD of the Russian Federation provides for uniform standards characterizing the conditions for prohibiting the movement of cars that are not relevant to standard dimensions.

In the "prohibitive signs" of all 3:

1. Sign 3.13 "Height Limit". Used to limit the passage of TC, the height of which is greater than the values \u200b\u200bgiven on it. It is set in situations when the gap from the road to the lower part of the beneficiaries or means relating to engineering communication is less than 5 m.

   The maximum difference in height between the number indicated on the sign and the actual depends on what it is installed:

   • for architectural structures: at least 30 - 40 cm;
   • for communications: at least 20 - 40 cm.
2. Sign 3.14 "Width Limit". It is intended to ban the movement of the vehicle, with dimensions in the width exceeding the characteristic standards. It is placed before travel and entry from tunnels, parking, bridge structures.

   

   The value on the mark is mandatory indicated by a less real 20 cm. The second duplicating a similar sign is placed on a span or an artificial construction.

3. Sign 3.15 "Loan restriction". Used to ban the movement of automotive vehicles, the length of which exceeds the amount given on it.

   

   Used on a part of the road having the following characteristics:

   • narrow driving part;
   • close nearby architectural building;
   • cool turns;
   • mountain serpentine;
   • other sites of the roadway, where the crossing with the counter car or a single movement can create an emergency situation, or just difficult.
4. Signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and 3.12 "Mass restriction, for each axis TC". They affect the weight of the car with cargo or without it. The movement of the car on the roads of general purpose in the zone of their action is prohibited.

   

   Permissible dimensions when transporting goods on a cargo car

   First of all, the information taken from paragraph 23.4 of traffic police of the Russian Federation should be brought.

   According to the information presented there, the overall cargo has the following criteria:

   1. Speakers both sides of the car or one of them no more than 40 cm from the outer edge.
   2. Speakers in front or behind no more than 100 cm.

   Exceeding permissible measures, allowed, but transportation must occur if there is an identification icon " Large cargo", With the onset of poor visibility - 2 lanterns, or by the light railings:

   1. In front white color.
   2. Rear - red.

   Here you should add that a red rag, which was tied in Soviet times in such cases for this situation is not suitable.

   The "Large load" icon is officially approved by the rules of the road and should look like this:

   

   1. Appearance in the form of a square of 40 * 40 cm.
   2. The image is applied by alternating white and red stripes, whose width should be 5 cm.
   3. The surface of the sign is covered with a reflective film that allows it to see it in the dark time of day and in conditions of insufficient visibility.

   What is curious, in Russia there are other standards for determining the dimensions of the wagon, than in the European Union countries or the United States:

   

   Permissible standards for passenger transport

   If you do not take as an example, the information taken in the traffic police of the Russian Federation, paragraph 23.4, presented in relation to passenger carsmobile, one can lead a number of conditions whose compliance can be a fine:

   1. The cargo should not disturb the resistance of the car.
   2. The maximum width of the vehicle together with the cargo should not exceed 2.55 m.
   3. In front and rear, there should be no zoom in more than 2 m with any of the parties.
   4. The cargo should not close the driver overview and create interference in driving a car.
   5. Does not create strong noise and does not close with his body light devices and backgrowers.

   On the roof of cars

   Regarding the carriage of goods in the upper trunk a passenger car (on the roof) should consider the requirements listed earlier concerning 40 cm of the WBOV and 1 m forward or back:

   

   However, due to the specifics of such transportation at the time of the movement, the following factors should be taken into account:

   1. Loading more than 100 kg of cargo on top trunk It may cause damage to the racks and the formation of dents.
   2. Materials having a large volume or area, such as large bags or sheet of plywood, drywall, with strong wind gusts, or increasing the velocity of the vehicle will work as a large sail. The created aerodynamic effect will affect the breakdown of fasteners or the tip of the machine.

   For trailer

   The situation concerning permissible dimensions in length in the trailer of a passenger car at the time of transportation of goods is that measurements of the protruding element occur not from the headquart machine, but from the rear edge of the trailer device.

   Thus, the metal profile that the Muscovite driver is lucky in the photo presented below, is placed in compliance with the requirements established in the rules:

   

   1. If the property, acts beyond the front or back of more than 1 m, in the bright day of the day it is necessary to use the identification plate "Large load".
   2. Transportation at night or in conditions of poor visibility, using 2 reflective elements or lanterns about which was mentioned earlier.

   For oversized on trawl

   In accordance with Russian legislation, the organization of complex oversized cargo should occur subject to a number of rules regulated by the following regulatory acts:

   1. Art. 31. Revealing the features of the movement of cars, with a permitted maximum mass of more than 12 tons.
   2. PDD of the Russian Federation, paragraph 23.5, providing for certain dimensions, the excess of which relates a car to the category of vehicles, whose movement is governed by the legislative acts listed.

   

   Used to transport heavy cargo or exceeding the installed traffic rules. In most cases, they are permitted for transportation without accompanying traffic police.

   The exception is only the above situation when the car does not fit into the framework approved by the Rules.

   Variety of trabs amazing imagination, however, in most cases of them specifications They look like:

   1. Load capacity - 36 tons.
   2. Length - 12 - 13 m.
   3. Width - 2.5 m.

   Act of discrepancies

   The requirement to compile an act in the implementation of weighing and measuring the dimension of the car is defined in clause 2.1.1.1.3. Sample of this document:

   

   According to the document text, the following information is displayed:

   1. Date and time checking.
   2. The name, location and belonging of the safety and weighing item is a particular institution.
   3. Registration number, model and brand of a valid car.
   4. Specificity of cargo.
   5. With making information about the path traveled:
      • on the roads of federal significance;
      • regional;
      • intermunicipal;
      • local.
   6. Vehicle weight:
      • maximum permissible;
      • actual.
   7. Overall parameters:
      • length;
      • width;
      • height.

   A compiled document that reflects the presence of either no disorder must be drawn up in 2 copies and signed by the face in the performance of its official duties. One sample is transmitted to the driver, the other is laid in the archive of the control and weight item.

   The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for the official form of an act of discrepancies of dimensions during transportation. Mostly in this case, the forms approved by the rules of cargo transportation, carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 38.

   Fines when non-compliance with rules

   Of all the information provided earlier, you can make a conclusion, the key points of which are shown in the image:

   

   Any non-compliance with these requirements may cause an emergency resulting from which people or their property will suffer.

   If we consider the situation regarding administrative offenses, legislation provides for various options, Event Development:

   1. p. 1 - non-compliance with the conditions of transportation with a fine of equal 500 rubles.
   2. clarifying excess permissible sizesprovided in documents for different values \u200b\u200bdepending on the specific point. The large permissible mass of the vehicle on a different value without the presence of a resolution or excess of the weight specified in it or the axis load on each of the axes by the amount corresponding to the specific section.

   According to 11 points of this article, a measure of punishment for the following persons is characterized by:

   • physical (driver);
   • legal (organizations, enterprises and other companies, regardless of their legal regulation);
   • officials who admitted violations while performing their duties stipulated by the employment contract;
   • With the deviation of the specified parameters.

   Art. 12.21.1. Measure Punishment is provided in accordance with the degree of difference determined by the content of 11 points.

   It should be noted that with the exception of paragraph 10 of this article, individual entrepreneurs are equal to legal entities.

   Based on the information submitted, it becomes obvious that the elementary trip to the cottage with the seedlings sticking out of the window of a passenger car can be the close attention of traffic police officers and getting a fine.

   When moving in roads, it is necessary to take into account the allowed cargo dimensions for transportation by road. This is one of the factors providing security. road For all of its participants, as well as the key to successful transportation of moved objects, goods, substances. In addition, the limitation of the dimension and weight of cargo is an important tool for influence on competition. Therefore, these norms are clearly regulated and require mandatory compliance.

   What is the overall cargo?

   The overall is the load with dimensions that do not exceed the norms acting for the car. That is, transported equivalent to the vehicle itself. Maximum dimensions for cargo transportation by car PDDs are installed and other regulatory acts.

   Automotive standards in the European Union

   In European countries, the norms regarding the dimensions of transportation by road defines the Directive 96/53, namely, its application. According to this document, such restrictions are introduced:

   • the total length from the rear bumper to the front: a solid truck - 12 m, the road train - 18.75;
   • body width: Isothermal vans - 2.6 m, total - 2.55 m;
   • a permissible cargo height for transportation by road - up to 4 m;
   • weight for cars: two-axis - 18 tons, three-axle - 24 tons, five-, six-axle - 40 tons.

   In Russia

   According to current standards, the road haulage is carried out by road with the parameters that are listed below.

   Last weight

   For single cars, depending on the number of axes, such restrictions are taken:

   • two axes - 18 tons;
   • three axes - 25 tons;
   • four axes - 32 tons;
   • five axes - 35 tons.

   For saddle semi-trailers, as well as trailed road trains, the following weight requirements have been introduced:

   • three axes - 28 tons;
   • four axes - 36 tons;
   • five axes - 40 tons;
   • six axes and more - 44 tons.

   Limit dimensions

   Restrictions and relatively permissible cargo dimensions for transportation by trucks are established:

   • distance between the front and rear bumpers: for the car train - 12 m, for a single vehicle and trailer - 12 m;
   • body width: Total - 2.55, isothermal vans - 2.6 m;
   • maximum cargo height for transportation by road - up to 4 m.

   Based on the established norms, the maximum parameters of the truck, which has the right to move freely on the road, make up: height is 4 meters, length - 20 meters, weight - 40 tons.

   Limitations on traffic rules

   Norms PDD Provide that the mass of the transported should not exceed the indicators that laid the manufacturer when developing a vehicle. In addition, there are other rules regarding dimensions road transport:

   • it is forbidden to carry items protruding beyond the bodies of TCs more than 1 m from behind or in front, and 0.4 m on the sides;
   • the moved should not close the road overview, influence the readability of registration signs, headlights, interfere with the perception of signs that the driver gives his hand;
   • the load is securely secured to eliminate its fall, especially if we are talking about plywood sheets, fiberboard, other similar objects, since they enhance aerodynamic resistance;
   • if the route is long, regardless of the dimensions of the cargo for transportation, the road road periodically stop and check the reliability of the attachment;
   • a loaded car or what he transports should not cause dustiness, noise or pollute the environment;
   • the stability of the car due to the objects placed on it should not be violated.

   If the maximum cargo dimensions allowed for transportation by road are exceeded, the driver sets the signs that are notifying that the cargo is large, and is making other measures that indicate legislative acts to eliminate the likelihood of an emergency on the road.

   How to "hide" too much?

   When transporting great importance, which transport is used for this. And if you choose the right car, you can easily move from the initial point to the final without the delivery of the cargo to the category of oversized.

   For example, it is necessary to carry a container with a height of 3.1 m. At the same time, the allowable cargo dimensions to the height for transportation by motor vehicles are 4 meters. If the container ship or the onboard trailer of the "Saland" type is used, the height of the item you want to deliver is greater. However, if the carrier immerses it to low-handed trawl, then the container will "fit" in the established norms and will be considered overall. This affects the cost of transportation, since in the second case, it is not necessary to make a special permit, use covers for the transport of large-sized cargo.

   A similar solution is offered for the transportation of horizontal cargo, which go beyond the term "dimensional". For example, a 16 m long container on the standard declaration is not placed, and then a sliding semi-trailer is used. It helps "hide" extra meters.

   For transportation of passenger and private cars

   Rules O. overall dimensions cargo allowed for transportation by road extended not only to profile companies and entrepreneurs providing services in this area. They must be observed and the owners of individual passenger vehicles, which is used for their own purposes.

   Special rules have special rules for transportation of oversized sizes. Ignoring the requirements relative to the maximum permissible value of the items transported is punishable by the imposition of a fine and the use of other sanctions. Auto transport companies And private carriers should understand that if the dimensions exceed the established norms, the transporter together with the cargo can get to the arrest pad, and the responsible individuals will be imposition.

   Often during the transportation process you have to transport various oversized cargoes. There is no clear definition in traffic rules for such.

   It is believed that the cargo is oversized, if it does not meet the requirements and exceeds the size of the vehicle itself, as a result of which the risk of accidents increases. Therefore, the oversized need to be allocated in such a way that other road users can see it from a long distance and take measures to ensure security.

   Allocate two main types of this type of cargo:

   • large - exceeds the size of the vehicle, can overlap part of the carriageway;
   • heavy - his weight is greater as possible permissible weightwhich can carry this machine.

   If we are talking about freight traffic, Negabarite exceeds the following parameters:

   • its height is more than 2.5 m;
   • weigh from 38 tons;
   • length starts from 24 m;
   • width - from 2.55 m.

   What is a penalty for non-compliance with the requirements?

   It is also necessary to recall that the administration provides for the incorrect organization of transportation of oversized and without appropriate permission.

   • In particular, in article COAP 12.12.1 Part 1 It is said that the driver will be forced to pay a fine of 2 500 rubles.
   • The official person who allowed such transportation will be obliged to pay 15-20 thousand rubles.
   • And for the Jurlitz, responsibility is superimposed in the form of 400-500 thousand rubles.

   For the same article, the driver can deprive his driver's license to six months.

   Based on all these factors, the driver and responsible person can receive not only a penalty for oversized cargo, but also lose their rights. Therefore, it is necessary to study and clearly adhere to the rules for transporting the ovelaces, which are described in traffic rules.

   Sign overall cargo

   First of all, the vehicle is noted by a special load "Large load". It is a metal plate on which diagonal white and red lines are applied. The size of the shield - 40x40 cm. Also allowed to use similar size stickers.

   

   The surface of the plate must be reflecting that it was noticeable both in the day and at night.

   In addition to this plate any freight car Must be marked by the following signs:

   • road train;
   • large;
   • long vehicle.

   Set this sign is necessary on those parts of the cargo, which come over the carriageway. Also apply reflectors. In front of them, they should be white, in the back - red or orange.

   Negabarrit - Transportation of passenger transport

   Often you can see how on passenger cars Similar to cargo transportes are transporting oversized cargoes protruding over the carriage part. For drivers of passenger cars, it is also responsible for violating the transport rules, so they should be considered.

   

   Neggabar is considered the following cargo:

   • rear or in front performs for more than one meter;
   • on the side - by 40 and more centimeters.

   If you are dealing with such a type of transport, then you need to use the above plate (sign) and attach it directly to the protruding parts of the oversized cargo. At night, in addition to the sign for oversized cargo, use reflectors - on the front white, the back is red.

   It is necessary to place the cargo in such a way that it does not overlap the driver's review, there was no risk of his scaling, did not harm the road surface or auxiliary structures.

   Please note that if the load comes from behind or in front of more than 2 meters, and the total width exceeds 2.55 meters, then its transportation on passenger transport No special permission is prohibited. If the inspector stops you, then there is a high probability that the appropriate protocol will be discharged and you will deprive the rights for a period of half a year.

   Organization of transportation of bulky cargo

   If the delivery of massive objects by road, such as heavy equipment or large agricultural machinery, must be taken in advance to obtain permission in the regional branch of the Ministry of Transport.

   It will be necessary to provide the following information:

   • metric parameters of the equipment transported;
   • the route by which the autocolone will move;
   • quality certificates and additional documents confirming the characteristics of the cargo: dangerous, large-sized, not representing danger and so on.

   

   For the coordination of routes and to obtain permission, up to 30 days may be required. The Ministry of Translation will analyze the route, and if it turns out that on this highway there are any communications that interfere with the passage (low bridges, overpass, hanging power lines, narrow portions of the road), the route can be revised. A variant is possible that it will be necessary to take advantage of another type of transport, such as rail or sea.

   In particular cases, accompaniment can be excreted in the form of several patrol machines with flashing orange flash beacons. They will not give any priority in motion, but they will warn other car owners about a potential threat.

   If the autocolon is moving, consisting of several long vehicles, the following requirements must be followed:

   • accompanying cars with flashing beacons in front and rear columns;
   • the distance between each unit of transport should ensure safety;
   • if dangerous goods are transported, the presence of another additional heavy-load vehicle will be required to shift the load in case of unforeseen situations.

   In poor visibility conditions, all TCs must be equipped with warning lamps.

   There are such cases when the transportation of oversized can be denied:

   • it is possible to transport it in other ways - railway, air or sea transport;
   • the load is divisible, that is, it can be disassembled without prejudice;
   • 100% security can not be ensured, for example, if the route runs through settlements Or near dangerous areas of the road.

   Well, very important moment - Only technically good vehicles are allowed for such work. Therefore, before starting, it is necessary to complete the full diagnostics, eliminate any malfunctions. Drivers also undergo a mandatory medical examination and comply with modes of work and recreation.