Procedure for diagnosing the brake system. Diagnostics of brake systems of cars. Order, permissible parameters Methods for diagnosing brake systems

the main / KPP

It is impossible to argue on the fact that the car is considered a rather dangerous vehicle. Not many people know that even such a complex technical means as an airplane is much safer. But most of the automotive states happen due to the banal negligence of its owner. I did not see one thing, did not touch the other, did not make there, where it is necessary - that's all that it can disrupt the technical condition of the car vehicle. And sometimes it happens that this negligence brings to not the most pleasant things. To prevent this should be carefully monitoring the condition of all the units of your car. One of them is the brake system. How is the diagnostics of the brake system?

Diagnostics of the brake system - why?

If you are a supporter of the opinion that the brakes came up with panties, then we hurry you to dissuade this. The brake system is considered one of the most important systems in your car responsible for safety. That is why it is necessary to conduct its diagnosis in a timely manner. Usually, the diagnosis of the brake system is carried out when the scheduled maintenance is passed. It in turn is carried out, following the instructions of the automaker.

If you have discovered a clear deterioration in the technical condition of the brake system of your car, you can make diagnostics yourself. As a rule, in this procedure there is nothing complicated and with a simple replacement of the pads to cope with every person who is at least a bit disassembled in the technique. If you decide to entrust work to the master, you can send a car to a service where the car braking system can be checked with special equipment.

In which cases is necessary diagnostics?

Before you decide to repair the brake system yourself, it is necessary to understand whether it is really faulty. Usually, on the unsatisfactory technical condition of the brakes indicates one or more signs:

The brake path of the car increased markedly
The brake pedal works incorrectly - it takes deep down, then hences at all
Brake pedal is pressed, but its movement occurs on the trajectory curve
The brake system represented by the pads constantly issues the hum, the screens and severe vibration when braking
Brake fluid, pumping system, began to be consumed too fast, clearly visible

In addition to the above explicit signs, there are more secretive problems that may also arise. If you removed the wheels and there are pads in the open access, then you can pay attention to the degree of their wear. Explicit sign The fact that the system does not work incorrectly is uneven wear of the pads. Also, watching the car on your own in search of problems, pay attention to the hoses and brake tubes. It is possible that they were damaged.

Diagnostics of the brake system of the car on the stand

If you decide to entrust work to the masters of your business, or you just do not have time to engage in a car yourself, it will be quite reasonable to contact specialized service. The main advantage of this method is that you get highly qualified help of specialists who quickly and efficiently eliminate all brake system malfunctions. However, before their elimination, it is necessary to diagnose. In such services, it is carried out on specially intended stands.

As a rule, stands that are posted in automotive services are multifunctional. On them you can measure and maximum speed Car, and overclocking time and other parameters you are interested in. However, our goal is to diagnose the brake system. When checking its technical condition, the stand provides the following indicators for analysis:

General Temperature Specific
The value of the relative unevenness coefficient
Parameters asynchronous practice

It is worth understanding what equipment as a stand is quite costly pleasure, so small services cannot afford it. But the stands installed in large automotive services are divided into several types. Either they are installed as a separate equipment or are one-alone coated. The only remark, the zone for placing the car imitates the asphalt coating.

What else is in diagnostics?

Besides the fact that the car is checked on a special stand, and is carried out and visual inspection All aggregates belonging to the brake system as a whole. This is usually the same person that launches the diagnostic process on the stand, as having studied the data on the operation of the system, you can immediately assume that it is specifically faulty.

A number of details are subject to careful inspection, which may affect the incorrect operation of the brakes, with all the resulting. As a rule, the inspection passes on the list:

Inspection of the container with liquids for the brake system
General condition and inspection brake discs, including drums
Inspection of brake shoes
Technical status of the wheel bearing
Detection for faults in the caliper section
Cylinders and their performance
Functioning of the amplifier of the main brake cylinder
Inspection of brake hoses

Summing up and repair

After the car and its brake system were completely digitized, and all the details are carefully examined, the time is coming. Here you voiced a specific list of faults and details that need to be replaced.

Usually, full repair The brake system is produced once every 30-40 thousand kilometers. However, it is worth considering the fact that it all depends on your driving style. If you rarely resort to emergency braking, and you know how to use the brake pedal, you can hardly have to face such a problem as a car braking system diagnostics.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://allbest.ru.

Introduction

The number of cars is becoming more and more, their number increases worldwide, every year. And with the number of cars, the number of accidents increases, due to which a larger number of people die and still remain disabled and cripples. Inappropriate technical condition and maintenance of cars, is one of the main causes of many accidents. Accidents arising from the failure of the various car systems carry the most serious consequences.

Relevance of the topic term paper It is that the most important system responsible for the safety of the car is the brake system. The designs of cars are constantly improving, but the presence of a brake system remains unchanged, which contributes to, if necessary, stop the car, which retains the lives of pedestrians, drivers and passengers, as well as other participants road. The repair of the brake system is necessary on all vehicles, however, it is necessary to diagnose the technical condition of the brake system every several thousand kilometers, this is necessary to reduce the likelihood of a car brake failure.

The goal of the course work is to improve the efficiency of diagnosing the brake system of the car due to the recommendation on the selection diagnostic equipment brake systems.

To do this, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

perform an analysis of the brake system of cars;

explore the methods of diagnosing the brake system;

examine the equipment used in the diagnosis of brake systems. brake car Bench

The object of the study is the technology of diagnosing the brake system of cars.

The subject of the research is the means and methods for diagnosing the brake system of the car.

The research methods used in this work are methods of generalization, comparisons, analysis and analogies.

The structure of the course work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion and a list of 10 sources used.

1. Brake system device

1.1 Principle of car brake system

It is easy to understand the example of the hydraulic system. When pressed on the brake pedal, the pressure force on the brake pedal is transmitted to the main brake cylinder (Fig. 1.1).

This node converts an effort that is applied to the brake pedal, into the pressure in the hydraulic brake system, to slow down and stop the car.

Fig. 1.1. The main cylinder device

Today, to increase the reliability of the brake system, two-section main cylinders are installed on all cars, which share the brake system into two contours. The two-section cylinder braking can ensure the performance of the brake system, even if one of the contours is deployed.

If there is in the car vacuum amplifier, then the main brake cylinder is attached over the cylinder itself or is in another place where the tank is located brake fluid which is connected to the sections of the main brake cylinder through flexible tubes. The tank is necessary to control and replenish the brake fluid in the system, if necessary. On the walls of the tank is available to view the level of fluid. And also, a sensor is mounted in the tank, which follows the level of the brake fluid.

Fig. 1.2. Scheme of the main brake cylinder:

1 - rod of vacuum brake amplifier; 2 - retaining ring; 3 - byproof opening of the first circuit; 4 - compensatory opening of the first circuit; 5 - the first tank section; 6 - the second tank; 7 - bypasic opening of the second contour; 8 - compensation opening of the second circuit; 9 - Return spring of the second piston; 10 - the main cylinder case; 11 - cuff; 12 - second piston; 13 - cuff; 14 - Return spring of the first piston; 15 - cuff; 16 - external cuff; 17 - boot; 18 - first piston.

In the housing of the main brake cylinder there are 2 pistons with two return springs and with sealing rubber cuffs. Piston, with the help of brake fluid, create pressure in the working circuits of the system. Then, return springs return the piston to its original position.

Some cars are equipped with a sensor, on the main brake cylinder, which controls the pressure drop in the contours. If not a tightness occurs, it warns the driver in a timely manner.

About the work of the main brake cylinder:

1. When pressing the brake pedal, the rod of the vacuum amplifier leads to movement 1st piston (Fig. 1.3.)

Fig. 1.3. The work of the main brake cylinder

2. The compensation opening is closed, moving through the cylinder by the piston and the pressure is created, which acts on the 1st outline and moves the 2nd piston of the next circuit. Also moving forward the 2nd piston in its circuit closes the compensation hole and also creates pressure in the 2nd circuit system.

3. The pressure generated in the contours provides the operation of working brake cylinders. And the emptiness that was formed when the pistons movement is immediately filled with a brake fluid through special bypass holes, thereby preventing entering the system, unnecessary air.

4. At the end of braking, pistons due to the action of return springs, returned to its original position. At the same time, compensation holes receive messages with a tank and due to this pressure levels with atmospheric. And at this time, the wheels of the car are stamped.

The piston in the main brake cylinder, in turn, which begins to move and thereby increases the pressure in the system of hydraulic tubes leading to all the wheels of the car. Brake fluid under high pressure, on all wheels of the car, having an effect on the piston of the wheel braking mechanism.

And which, already in turn, moves brake pads And those pressed against the brake disc or brake drum of the car. The rotation of the wheels is slow down and the car stops due to the friction force.

After we release the brake pedal, the return spring returns the brake pedal to its original position. The effort that acts on the piston in the main drum also weakens, then its piston, also returns to his place, forcing the brake pads with friction linings on them, thereby freeing the drum wheels or discs.

There is also a vacuum brake amplifier used in brake systems of cars. Its use, significantly facilitates all the operation of the brake system of the car.

1.2 Types of car brake systems

The brake system is necessary for slowing the vehicle and the complete stop of the car, as well as its retention on the spot.

To do this, the car uses some brake system, as is the parking, working, auxiliary system and spare.

The working brake system is used constantly, at any speed, for slowing down and stop the car. The working brake system is activated by pressing the brake pedal. It is the most effective system of all others.

The spare brake system is used when the main fault. It happens in the form of an autonomous system or its function performs part of a working working brake system.

The parking brake system is needed to hold the car in one place. The parking system I use to avoid spontaneous movement of the car.

Auxiliary brake system is applied on a car with a high mass. The auxiliary system is used to brake on the slopes and descents. It does not rarely, it happens that on cars the role of the auxiliary system is played by the engine, where the exhaust pipe overlaps the flap.

The brake system is the most important integral part of the car, serving to ensure active security Drivers and pedestrians. Many cars use various devices and systems that increase the efficiency of the braking system - this is an anti-locking system (ABS), emergency braking amplifier (BAS), brake amplifier.

1.3 The main elements of the car brake system

The brake system of the car consists of a brake drive and brake mechanism.

Fig.1.3. Brake hydraulic diagram:

1 - Contour Pipeline "Left Front-Right Rear Brake"; 2-signal device; 3 - Contour Pipeline "Right Front - Left Rear Brake"; 4 - the main cylinder tank; 5 is the main cylinder of hydraulic brakes; 6 - vacuum amplifier; 7 - brake pedal; 8 - rear brake pressure regulator; 9 - cable parking brake; 10 - brake mechanism rear wheel; 11 - the adjusting tip of the parking brake; 12 - parking brake drive lever; 13 - brake mechanism front wheel.

The brake mechanism is blocked by the rotation of the vehicle wheels and as a result of which the brake force appears, which causes the car stop. Brake mechanisms are located on the front and rear wheels of the car.

Simply put, all brake mechanisms can be called well. And already in turn, they can be separated by friction - drum and disc. The braking mechanism of the main system is mounted in the wheel, and the mechanism of the parking system is located behind a handout or transmission.

Brake mechanisms usually consist of two parts, from fixed and rotating. The fixed part is the brake pads, and the rotating part of the drum mechanism is the brake drum.

Drum brake mechanisms (Fig. 1.4.) Most often stand on the rear wheels of the car. During operation due to wear, the gap between the shoe and the drum increases and mechanical regulators use to eliminate it.

Fig. 1.4. Drum Brake Rear Wheel Mechanism:

1 - cup; 2 - clamping spring; 3 - drive lever; 4 - brake shoe; 5 - upper blast spring; 6 - spacer plank; 7 - adjusting wedge; 8 - wheel brake cylinder; 9 - brake shield; 10 - bolt; 11 - rod; 12 - eccentric; 13 - Purpose Spring; 14 - lower chamber spring; 15 - clamping spring space plank.

On cars can use various combinations of brake mechanisms:

two drum rear, two disk front;

four drums;

four disk.

In the brake disc mechanism (Fig. 1.5.) - The disk rotates, and within the caliper are installed, two fixed blocks. In the caliper, workers cylinders are installed, when braking, they press brake pads to the disk, and the caliper itself is securely fixed on the bracket. To increase the heat removal from the working area, ventilated discs are often used.

Fig. 1.5. Disc brake diagram:

1 -- wheelpile; 2 - guide finger; 3 - viewing hole; 4 - caliper; 5 - valve; 6 - work cylinder; 7 - brake hose; 8 - brake shoe; 9 - ventilation hole; 10 -- brake disk; 11 - wheel hub; 12 - Miscoring cap.

2. Methods and equipment for the diagnosis of brake systems

2.1 Basic brake system malfunctions

The brake system requires itself close attention, because It is forbidden to operate a car, with a faulty brake system. This chapter discusses the main malfunctions of the brake system, their causes and ways to eliminate them.

Increased, large brake pedal work move. It occurs due to lack, or leakage of brake fluid from working cylinders. It should be replaced by working cylinders, rinse the pads, discs, drums and add brake fluid if necessary. And also this contributes to the hit in the brake system, in this case, it is simply necessary to remove it by pumping the system.

Insufficient braking efficiency. Insufficient brake efficiency occurs during grinding or wear of the brake pads, it is also possible to join the pistons in working cylinders, overheating brake mechanisms, depressurization of one of the contours, the use of low-quality pads, violation of ABS, etc.

Incomplete disbuilt wheels of the car. This problem occurs when the brake pedal does not have a free move, you just need to adjust the position of the pedal. The problem may also be in the most important cylinder, due to the encounter of the pistons. There may be increased protrusion of a vacuum amplifier rod, or rubber seals, just swelling, due to gasoline or oil, then in this case it is necessary to replace all rubber parts, as well as rinse and pump the entire hydraulic system.

Turning one of the wheels when the pedal is released. Most likely weakened the brass spring of the rear wheel pads, or due to corrosion, or simply contaminants - the piston in the wheel cylinder, then it is necessary to replace the working cylinder. It is also possible to disturb the position of the caliper relative to the front wheel brake disc, when weakening the fastening bolts. There may still be a violation in the work of ABS, the swelling of the sealing rings of the wheel cylinder, incorrect adjustment of the parking system, etc.

Driva, or deviation from straight movement when braking. If the car, moving along a flat and dry road, began to be rejected in any direction during braking, then this can be promoted by the junction of the main cylinder piston, clogging the tubes due to clogging, pollution or combustion of brake mechanisms, miscellaneous pressure In wheels, it may not work one of the contours of the brake system.

Increased effort on brake pedals when braking. If it is necessary to attach a lot of effort to stop the car, then the vacuum amplifier is most likely faulty, but also the hose is also damaged, which connects the engine inlet tube with a vacuum amplifier. And it is also possible to host the piston of the main cylinder, wear the pads and new blocks can still be installed, which simply have not worked.

Increased noise when braking. When the brake pads are worn, a squeaking sound occurs when braking, due to the friction of the wear indicator, sliding the disk. Also, the pads or the disk can be salted or contaminated.

2.2 Requirements for car brake systems

Brake system of car other than general requirements to the design, has increased special requirements, because It ensures the safety of car traffic on the road. Therefore, the brake system in accordance with these requirements should provide:

minimum brake path;

car stability during braking;

stability of brake parameters with frequent braking;

quick triggering of the brake system;

proportionality of effort on the brake pedal and on the wheel wheels;

ease of control.

The brake systems of the car, there are requirements that are regulated by the UNECE Rules No. 13 applied in Russia:

Minimum brake path. Brake system on cars should be highly efficient. The number of accidents and accidents will be less if the maximum value of the deceleration is high and approximately equal to various cars and the type of car moving in the intensive stream.

And also brake routes of cars must be simultaneously close to each other, with a difference of about 15%. If the minimum brake path is reduced, it will be ensured not only high security Movement, but also an increase in the average velocity of the car.

The necessary conditions for the minimum brake path is the smallest time required to trigger the vehicle braking, as well as the braking of all wheels at the same time and the ability to bring brake forces to the maximum clutch value and ensure the desired distribution of the brake forces between the wheels of the vehicle in accordance with the load.

Brake stability. This requirement increases the efficiency of car braking on the road with small clutch coefficients (icy, slippery, etc.) and thereby increases the level of security of all participants in the roads.

In compliance with the proportionality between the brake forces and the loads on the rear and front wheels, the car braking with the maximum slowdown is ensured at any road conditions.

Stable braking. This requirement is associated with the heating of the braking mechanism during braking and possible impairment of their actions when heated. So, when heated between brake drum (disk) and friction pads of the pads, the friction coefficient decreases. In addition, when heating brake linings, their wear is significantly increased.

The stability of the brake parameters at frequent braking of the vehicle is achieved with the coefficient of friction of the brake linings, equal to about 0.3-0.35, practically independent of the speed of sliding, heating and water from entering the water.

From the time of operation of the brake system of the car, the braking path will depend on that significantly affects the safety of motion. Mainly, the type of brake drive depends on the triggering system. Car S. hydraulic drive There will be 0.2-0.5, in vehicles with a pneumatic drive of 0.6-0.8 and in road trails with a pneumatic drive 1-2. When performing these requirements, a significant increase in car safety is ensured in various road conditions.

The brake pedal effort during car braking should be 500 - 700 H (minimum value for passenger cars) During the course of the pedal 80 - 180 mm.

2.3 Methods for diagnosing brake systems

To diagnose brake systems of cars, two main diagnostic methods are used - road and stand.

road diagnostic method is designed to determine the length of the braking pass; steady slowdown; car stability in time of braking; brake system operation time; The slope of the road on which the car must still stand;

the stand test method is necessary for calculating the overall specific brake force; The coefficient of non-uniformity (relative unevenness) of the brake forces of the axis wheels.

To date, there are many different stands and appliances for measuring brake qualities by various methods and methods:

inertial platforms;

static power;

strength roller stands;

roller inertial;

devices measuring the deceleration of the car during road testing.

Inertial platform booth. The principle of operation of this stand is based on the measurement of inertia forces (from rotationally and progressively moving masses) arising during the car braking and applied in the pairing places of the vehicle with dynamometer platforms.

Static strength stands. These stands are roller and platform devices that are designed to turn the "breakdown" of the inverted wheel and the measurement of force applied at the same time. Statistical power stands have, pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical drives. The brake force is measured when hanging the wheel or when it is supported on smooth running drums. This method has a lack of diagnosing brakes - is the inaccuracy of the results, as a result of which the conditions of the present dynamic braking process are not repeated.

Inertial roller stands. They have rollers that have a drive from the electric motor or from the car engine. In the second example, due to the rear (leading) wheels of the car, the rollers of the stand rotate, and from them with mechanical transmission - And the front (slave) wheels.

After the car is installed on an inertial stand, the linear velocity of the wheels is adjusted to 50-70 km / h and sharply slow down, at the same time separating all the bench carriages by turning off the electromagnetic couplings. At the same time, in the places of contact of the wheels with rollers (ribbons) of the stand arise inertia forces, opposing the brake forces. After some time, the rotation of the bench drums and wheels of the car stop. The ways passed by each car wheel during this time (or the angular slowdown of the drum) will be equivalent to brake paths and brake forces.

The braking path is determined by the frequency of rotation of the rollers of the stand, fixed by the meter, or by the duration of their rotation, measured by the stopwatch, and the slowdown is an angular desperometer.

Power roller stands using wheel clutch forces with roller make it possible to measure braking force in the process of its rotation at a speed of 2.10 km / h. Rotation of wheels is carried out by the rollers of the stand from the electric motor. Brake forces are determined by the reactive moment that occurs on the stator motor gearbox of the stand when braking wheels.

Roller brake stands allow to obtain quite accurate results of checking brake systems. With each repetition of the test, they are able to create conditions (first of all the speed of rotation of the wheels), are absolutely identical with the previous ones, which is provided with an accurate job of the initial braking speed by external drive. In addition, when testing on power roller brake stands, a measurement of the so-called "ovality" is provided - an assessment of the non-uniformity of the brake forces in one turnover of the wheel, i.e. The entire braking surface is investigated.

When testing on roller brake stands, when the force is transmitted from the outside (from the brake bench), the physical pattern of braking is not violated. The brake system should absorb the incoming energy even though the car does not have kinetic energy.

There is another important condition - safety tests. The safest tests are on power roller brake stands, since the kinetic energy of the test car on the stand is zero. In case of failure of the brake system during road testing or on the platform brake stands, the probability of an emergency is very high.

It should be noted that by the totality of its properties, it is the power roller stands that are the most optimal solution for both diagnostic lines of maintenance stations and for diagnostic stations conducted by GOSTHAS.

Modern power roller stands for checking brake systems can define the following parameters:

According to the general parameters of the vehicle and the state of the brake system - the resistance to the rotation of the non-rotated wheels; non-uniformity of the brake force in one turnover of the wheel; Mass coming on the wheel; Mass coming on the axis.

On working and parking brake systems - the greatest brake force; brake system operation time; non-uniformity coefficient (relative unevenness) brake forces of axis wheels; Specific brake force; Effort on the control body.

Control data (Fig. 2.3.) Displays the display in the form of digital or graphic information. The diagnostic results can print and stored in the computer's memory in the database of diagnosed cars.

Fig. 2.3. Brake system monitoring data:

1 - indication of the inspected axis; Software front axle brake; ST - parking brake system; ZO - the rear axle brake

The results of checking the brake systems can also be displayed on the dashboard (Fig. 2.4.)

The dynamics of the braking process (Fig. 2.5.) Can be observed in graphical interpretation. The schedule shows the brake forces (vertically) relative to the effort on the brake pedal (horizontally). It reflects the dependence of the brake forces from the injection force on the brake pedal for both the left wheel (the upper curve) and the right (lower curve).

Fig. 2.4. Brake Stand Dashboard

Fig. 2.5. Graphic display of the dynamics of the braking process

With the help of graphic information, you can also observe the difference in the brake forces of the left and right wheels (Fig. 2.6.). The graph shows the ratio of the brake forces of the left and right wheels. The braking curve should not go beyond the boundaries of the regulatory corridor, which depend on the specific regulatory requirements. Observing the character of changing the schedule, the diagnostic operator can make a conclusion about the state of the brake system.

Fig. 2.6. The values \u200b\u200bof the brake forces of the left and right wheels

3.1 Choice of diagnostic equipment

Space brake stands have a certificate of quality management system according to UNI EN ISO 9001--2000 confirms the use of advanced technologies, the use of modern coatings, high-quality materials and components, which makes it possible to export equipment in more than forty countries.

Diagnosing the car braking system is carried out by rollers, which are divided into 3 types. Brake stands have a different design and engine power, but the main main feature is the maximum value of the brake force (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1.

Roller aggregates for brake stands

As well as one more important characteristic - This is a coefficient of friction between the wheel of the car and the rollers of the stand. In our case, we take a value equal to 0.7. To select the brake stand, we define the braking force.

Brake effort is the power of the car's wheel interaction with outside Roller (imitation of the movement of the car on the road). It is expressed in Dan.

1 Newton \u003d 0,101972 kg.

1 Dan \u003d 10 Newton \u003d 1.01 kg.

For the convenience of calculations, we take 1 dan \u003d 1 kg with 1% minor error.

The friction coefficient μ is the ratio of force F to mass M.

This expression means the relationship between the mass of the car and the power required to move along the road.

If we have a mass M, interacting with the surface and 0.5 kg of force F for its movement, then the friction coefficient μ will be 0.5.

Upon this averaged value, the roller brake stand is chosen, for example, PFB 035 \u003d 500 DEN.

Motor power (and roller actuator) allows accurate measurements of force F Over 510.2 kg. To the tangent surface of the roller. After measuring this magnitude, the motor reduces the speed, and further measurements are not performed. To determine the maximum mass, use the previous formula:

We get 500 kg / 0.7 \u003d 714 kg (a mass acting on one roller). Hence it follows that weight Limit On the axis is 1428 kg.

For the maximum theoretical mass value on the axis, we can choose the PFB 035 model. This choice is not accurate, because the friction coefficient is highly dependent on the characteristics of the tire (the poor tire has lower friction) and other conditions. For example, the maximum braking force does not measure the braking time of the previously damaged tire, in order to avoid its further wear. It also allows you to slightly increase the maximum axis weight. It should be noted that the weight of the axis is not just half full weight The car, as the unloaded car has a greater weight on the axis, but if you load the car, respectively, the axis load increases.

3.2 Specifications of the selected equipment

The principle of operation of the Space line (Italy) is a consistent collection and software processing of measurement results and visual control of the technical condition of the PBX with the help of measuring instruments of equipment included in the package of tool control. The car testing procedure is controlled from the remote control or from the keyboard, processed and stored by the processor, visualizing testing using the monitor, all images 3D graphics, print results on the printer, interface for connecting:

stand of the station;

suspension tester;

gas analyzer;

chymometer;

tachometer.

List of measured parameters:

Rolling resistance;

Disks ovality or brake drum relative;

Maximum brake force on the wheel;

The difference between the brake efforts between the right and left wheels of one bridge;

The efficiency of braking working and parking brakes;

Effort on foot brake pedal and lever manual brakes

On the brake stand you can experience both cars with a drive for all 4WD wheels. The test procedure for full 4WD drive cars is divided into two separate phases for each bridge. In the first phase, the left roller aggregate begins to rotate along the movement, and the right - in the opposite direction. At the same time B. dispensing box The transfer to the second axis is discharged, and, therefore, the moment of rotation is not transmitted to the wheels that are not standing on the rollers. The results will be shown after testing both axes. At the end of the measurements of the brake efforts on each bridge, you can see the brake effort schedule.

Fig. 3.2. Testing procedure is full of drive cars.

After all the data and the car came down in the computer's memory, a page with final test results of the entire brake system appears on the monitor screen (Fig. 3.2.).

Technical characteristics of PFB 035 stands, PFB 040 and PFB 050 are shown in Table 3.2

Table 3.2.

Specifications

Comparison of price profitability, repair and duration of performance are shown in Figure 3.3

Fig. 3.3. Comparative chart of stands (in percentage ratio).

Conclusion

The modern car works in a wide variety of road and climatic conditions. Long operation inevitably leads to the deterioration of its technical condition. The performance of the car or its aggregates is determined by their ability to perform the specified functions without violating the established parameters. The performance of the car depends primarily on its reliability, which is understood by the ability of the car to safely transport goods or passengers when complying with certain operational parameters.

When writing work, special literature was studied, including articles and textbooks, theoretical aspects are described and the key concepts of research are disclosed.

During the writing course, the brake system was studied. Methods and methods for restoring the performance of the brakes were considered. And in conclusion on the basis of the material studied, recommendations were developed to select the SPASE diagnostic equipment, of the three roller stands PFB 035, PFB 040 and PFB 050. During the study of the technical characteristics, the price category, the cost of repair and service life was taken The solution to select the first PFB 035 unit, as it is more optimal option According to the price category, and the technical characteristic is not much inferior to the rest of the stands, as well as on the cost of repair and service life, which is given in Figure 3.3, is more profitable.

List of sources used

1. GOST R 51709-2001. Motor vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods. - M.: Starotinform, 2010. - 42 p.

2. Derevko V.A. Brake systems of passenger cars - M.: Petit, 2001. - 248 p.

3. Diagnosing cars. Workshop: studies. Manual // Ed. A.N. Kartashevich. - Minsk: new knowledge; M.: Infra-M, 2011. - 208 p.

4. Roller brake stands for passenger cars: Space [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.alpoka.ru/catalogue/str1__13__itemid__73.html.

5. Diagnosis and control of motor vehicles [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ktc256.ts6.ru/index.html.

6. Maintenance and car repair: mechanization and environmental Safety production processes // V.I. Sarbaev, S.S. Selivanov, V.N. Konoplev - Rostov: Phoenix, 2004. - 448 p.

7. Maintenance and repair of cars: a textbook for the stud. // V. M. Vlasov, S. V. Zhankaziev, S. M. Kruglov et al. - M.: Publishing Center Academy, 2003. - 480 p.

8. Technological processes of diagnosing, maintenance and repair of cars: studies. Manual // V.P. Ovchinnikov, R.V. Needin, M.Yu. Bazhenov - Vladimir: Publishing House Vladim. State University, 2007. - 284 p.

9. Technological processes of maintenance, repair and diagnostics of cars: studies. Manual for studies Higher. studies. institutions // V.G. PERSIONS, V.V. Mishoustin. - Novocherkassk: Yurgu (NPI), 2013. - 226 p.

10. Harazov A.M. Diagnostic Support for Maintenance and Car Repair: Ref. Manual - M.: Higher. Shk., 1990. - 208 p.

Posted on Allbest.ru.

Similar documents

The principle of operation and the main elements of the car brake system. Scheme of the main cylinder and vacuum brake amplifier. Comparison of technical specifications, price category, costs of repair and service life of diagnostic equipment.

coursework, added 06/20/2015

The device and the principle of operation of the car brake system VAZ 2109. Regulationsgoverning the value of the parameters of the data efficiency of the mechanisms. Procedure for diagnosing brake systems, rules for using stand and processing results.

coursework, added 02.06.2013

The main types of car brake systems and their characteristics. Purpose and device of the brake system of the VAZ-2110 car. Possible malfunctions The brake system, their causes and elimination methods. Safety and environmental protection.

course work, added 01/20/2016

Construction and components of the brake system of cars. Trends in the development of disk brake mechanisms. The device and the principle of operation of the test bench for the diagnosis of the elements of the brake system of passenger cars with hydraulic drive.

course work, added 02/09/2015

Brake system device ZIL-130: Structure and elements, principle of operation. Maintenance of the brake system with pneumatic reception, receptions and tools for implementation. Technique and safety rules for car maintenance.

coursework, added 06/28/2011

Assessment of the technical condition of the brake system. Purpose, device, basic equipment And Cartec Video Stand Videoline Stand Indicators. Description of the brake system of the car VAZ 2112. Analysis of faults and methods of repairing the braking system.

thesis, added 09/12/2010

The device and the principle of operation of the brake system of the car. Principle of operation and main constructive features Working brake systems. Brake efficiency and stability motor vehicle. Conduct the working brake system.

course work, added 13.10.2014

Analysis of the design of the working brake system truck. Detection of major malfunctions of the working brake system, the elimination methods, the development of the route map of the assembly of the main brake cylinder with the hydraulic amplifier during the repair.

thesis, added 03/20/2011

Device car VAZ-2106 and its specifications. Brake system and its device. Short description and the principle of the brake system of the VAZ-2106 car system. Description of individual brake system devices and possible malfunctions.

abstract, added 01/12/2009

Device of the brake system with hydraulically driven car GAZ-3307. Malfunctions, their main causes and ways to eliminate. Maintenance operations. Requirements for the equipment of the car for the transport of fuel and lubricants.

Methods and means of diagnosing brake systems are developed in relation to the diagnostic parameters and the requirements of the technological processes of maintenance and repair of the car. Accordingly, there are means for the general diagnosis of brakes on road conditions, for general stationary diagnostics before servicing or repairing, for elementary diagnostics in the process of maintenance and repair or after their execution.

Existing means of technical diagnostics of brakes (STTT) can be classified on five grounds:

1. Upon use of the clutch forces with a support surface;

2. at the installation site;

3. By way of loading;

4. According to the mode of movement of the wheel;

5. By the design of the reference device.

Fig. 2.1. Funds technical diagnostics brakes.

2.1. Stands of technical diagnostics of car brakes.

All the stands of technical diagnostics of the brakes (STTT) are divided into two large groups. The first to which the main part of the stands belong is more numerous. This group of STTT works using wheel clutch forces with a support surface. In these stands, the braking torque was limited to the clutch force with the support surface of the stand, so in most of them it is impossible to realize the full braking moment of the car. The second group of stands working without the use of the clutch forces with a support surface is structurally different in that the braking torque is transmitted directly through the wheel or through the hub. This group of stands have not found wide use due to the complexity of the design and non-technological tests.

Stands, in turn, by the method of loading are powerful and inertial. The power stands of the first group on the mode of movement of the wheel on the stand can be: with partial turning of the wheel and with full turning of the wheel. The first mode is usually characteristic of platform stands, and the second is for all other stands.

According to the design of supporting devices, stands are divided into: platform, roller and tape (first group); With hanging the axes of the wheels and without hanging the axes of the wheels (second group).

In the power platform stands of the car's wheel are stationary, so when you press the brake pedal, only the shear force (breakdown) of the blocked wheels from the place changes, i.e. Friction force between brake linings and drum (disk). There are stands with one common platform for all wheels and with platforms for each wheel of the car.

Power platform stands Possess a number of significant shortcomings that exclude their widespread use. For example, when tested, the effect of movement rate on the friction coefficient of sliding and dynamic impacts in the brake system are not taken into account. The measurement results are largely dependent on the position of the wheels on the stand area, from the state of the supporting surface and the treads of the wheels. It is only measured by the effort of the place of the inhibitory wheels.

Platform inertial standshaving a movable (one common per side or for each wheel) of the site, compared with the power platform stands more perfect, since more fully take into account the dynamics of the braking forces in real conditions. However, these stands have a number of significant disadvantages: the need for acceleration of the car, a decrease in the safety level of work in diagnosing, the accuracy and accuracy of diagnostic information are not sufficient.

Inertial Load Ribbon Stands Reproduce road conditions of interaction of the tire with support surfaces. However, they have significant dimensions and do not provide sufficient stability of the car during diagnosis, and such design deficiencies, like slipping of ribbons and large mechanical losses in friction pairs.

Roller brake stands. From their number in the prevailing majority, stands based on the power diagnostics method are used. The power method allows you to determine the brake forces of each wheel with a defined force of pressing the pedal, the time of operation of the brake drive, evaluate the condition of the working surfaces of the brake linings and the drum, the ellipsity of the drums, etc. In the overwhelming majority of these stands, during the forced scrolling of the inhibited wheels of the car, the speed of movement is simulated 2-5 km / h, rarely up to 10km / h,

The most reliable is inertial method diagnosis on roller inertial stands. They measure the brake path for each separate wheel, the time of operation of the brake drive and slowing (maximum and for each wheel separately), but due to complexity, high cost and lower technological in operation these stands are used extremely limited.

To diagnose brakes in cramped conditions, as well as in order to localize faults and in-depth diagnostics, portable STTT are most effective. The essence of the work method of these devices is that the wheel of the car is forcibly spinning, and when the rotational speed reaches a specified value, the device is triggered to the brake pedal; The wheel is braked, in the process of which the time of operation of the brake drive is recorded, the time of deceleration at a specified wheel speed interval and the braking path with the installed brake force value.

Due to the small inertial mass of postended wheels, the braking process differs significantly from the real one. Bringing the results of the diagnosis of brakes to real conditions is carried out through the translated coefficients for the brake path and deceleration.

The general diagnosis of the car in road conditions is carried out by the following methods; visually on the brake path and synchronization of the start of braking by all wheels; with portable devices; at the maximum deceleration of the car; using built-in devices; By automatic alarm on achieving the diagnostic parameter of the limit value.

The diagnosis on the braking path on the dynamometer is to monitor the car with a sharp one-time press on the pedal (clutch off) and measuring the brake path. At the same time, they are observed for synchronization of braking in the trails of tires left on the road. The test site should be smooth, dry and horizontal. The normative brake path (at a speed before braking, equal to 30km / h) is for passenger cars at least 7.2 m, and for freight and buses, depending on the carrying capacity of 9.5-11m. This method does not give reliable results, and the use of them is difficult due to the need to have a fairly large part of the horizontal road with a solid, dry and even coating.

Diagnosing brakes to slower vehicles using portable instrument-desverometers is also carried out on an even horizontal portion of the road. The car is accelerated to a speed of 10-20km / h and dramatically slow down by a single press on the pedal when the clutch is turned off. At the same time measured ј MAX. Regulatory deceleration (it does not depend on the velocity of the car) for passenger cars is at least 5.8 m / s 2, and for freight, depending on the carrying capacity - from 5.0 to 4.2 m / s 2. For manual brakes, the slowdown must be within 1.5-0.5 m / c 2.

Fig. 2.2. Schematic scheme Descharometer with progressively moving mass.

1 - inertial mass;
2 - warning lamp;
3 - Plate Spring;
4- adjusting screw;
5 - Battery.

The principle of the desserometer is to fix the path of moving the moving inertial mass of the device relative to its body, fixed by car. This movement occurs under the influence of inertia strength occurs when braking the car and proportional to its slowing down. The inertial weight of the dessellometer can serve as a translationally moving cargo, pendulum, liquid or acceleration sensor, and a gear device, scale, a signal lamp, a self-director, a composter, and others. To ensure stability, the testimonometers are provided with a damper (liquid, air, spring), and for Ease of measurement - the mechanism of fixing the maximum slowdown.

To diagnose car brakes using structurally built-in devices, systems are used to provide information on the wear of the brake pads, the level of the brake fluid, the pressure in the pneumatic - or hydraulic drive, the operation of the manual brake, the malfunction of the anti-slip device, etc.

The system consists of built-in sensors and panel pointers or emergency alarms. Built-in diagnostics provides continuous tracking of the brake state. From this point of view, it is perfect. The limited application of embedded diagnosis is due to a significant cost. The development of modern instrument making and electronics allows you to expect the rapid development of funds for the built-in diagnosis of modern cars.

General stationary express diagnostics are performed on specialized posts and lines, using high-speed platform stands inertial or power type. For general diagnosis with adjustment work, both roller-type brake stands are also used.

The principle of operation of the inertial platform stand is based on the measurement of the inertia forces (from translationally and rotationally moving vehicles) arising from its braking and attached to the contact places of wheels with dynamometer platforms.

The platform inertial stand consists of four movable platforms with a corrugated surface, which the car runs with wheels at a speed of 6-12 km / h and stops with sharp braking. The emergence of the inertia of the car correspond to the brake forces. They affect the platform of the stand are perceived by liquid, mechanical or electronic sensors and are fixed by measuring instruments located on the remote control.

The disadvantages of the stands of the platform inertial type include: the large production area occupied by them (taking into account the need to pre-overclock the car); Unstability of the clutch coefficient of tires, depending on their pollution, humidity and temperature.

The platform braking stand of the power type on the principle of action is different from the inertia in that the brake forces arising when braking in places of contact of the wheels with dynamometer platforms are obtained not due to the inertia of the car, but as a result of its forced movement through the platforms using the traction conveyor.

For elementary diagnostics at posts and maintenance and repair lines, inertial stands with running drums and power stands with rollers are used. They are divided into two classes: using clutch forces and without using these forces to scroll down.

In the first case, the inhibited wheel turns through the clutch forces arising in the wheel contact places with a drum (roller), to which an inertial torque or a moment of the electric motor directly to the car wheel is applied. In the practice of diagnosing cars, the stands of the first type are used mainly, as they are cheaper and technologies.

Inertial stands with a running or tape reference device using clutch forces can be driven from wheels of a working vehicle or drive from electric motors. A stand with a wheel drive consists of two support-drive units, kinematic interconnected and providing simultaneous testing of brakes of both axes of the car. Each reverse drive unit of the drum stand consists of a frame and two pairs of cross-country drums, which are based on the wheels of the car. Running drums are associated with fly masses.

An electric booth consists of one unit and is usually designed to alternately checking the brakes of vehicles with two driving axes of the reverse drive unit are supplied with additional supporting drums.

The principle of operation of all inertial stands using the clutch forces is the same. If the stand has an electric drive, then the wheels of the car are driven to rotation from the rollers of the stand, and if it does not, then from car Engine. In the latter case, the driving wheels of the car lead the rollers of the stand, and from them with the help of mechanical transmission and front, slave, wheels.

After installing the car on an inertial stand, the circumferential velocity of the wheels is brought to 50-70km / h and slowly slow down, at the same time separating all the booth carriages by turning off the electromagnetic coupling (the specified force on the brake pedal is provided by a machine or a monster with a pointer installed on the brake pedal). At the same time, in the field of contact of the wheels with rollers of the stand arise for the forces of inertia, opposing the brake forces. After a while, the rotation of the bench drums and wheels of the car stops. The paths passed by each car wheel during this time, or the corner slowing the drum will be equivalent to their brake paths and brake forces.

The braking path is determined by the frequency of rotation of the rollers of the stand, fixed by the counter, or by the duration of their rotation, measured by the stopwatch, and slow down - the angular desperometer. On the inertial bench, a direct measurement of the braking torque is also possible in the magnitude of the reactive torque that occurs on the shaft of the stand between the flywheel drum. For the accuracy of the results obtained, it is necessary that the conditions for braking the wheels of the car on the stand correspond to the real conditions of car braking on the road. This means that kinetic energy absorbed by the car brakes when they are testing on the stand should be the same as on the road.

Power stands using wheel clutch forces allow you to measure the brake forces in the process of rotation at some speed V \u003d 2 ... 10km / h. In this case, the brake power of each of the wheels of the car installed on the stand is measured by braking them in the process of rotation. Rotation of wheels is carried out by the rollers of the stand from the electric motor. Brake forces are determined by the magnitude of the torque arising from the rollers when braking the wheels.

When diagnosing the brakes with hydraulic drive, this method determine the dependence of the MT's brake force measurement on each of the vehicle wheels from the pressure force on the pH brake pedal. This dependence, called the braking diagram, gives a fairly complete characteristic of the performance of the brake system. In case of the power method of diagnosing the brakes, the total efficiency parameter is the specific brake force σр T / G A · 100%. For most cars, this force is 45-80%, the last digit is an indicator of an excellent state of brakes. The difference of brake forces on the wheels of one axis of the car, ensuring the absence of drift, should not be more than 10-15%.

Diagnosing brakes with power stands is most common. This is explained by the large adaptability of power stands to elementary diagnostics in combining diagnostic work with adjustment, relatively small cost, small or production Square and economical electricity consumption.

The undoubted advantage of inertial brake stands is the ability to diagnose brakes at high speeds. It is this factor that is fundamental to test brake systems with ABS, because This system begins its work from about 20 ... 30km / h.

As the experienced drivers say - they are not broken from the faulty accelerator pedals in the accident. But the defective brake pedal is easily. Having gained speed, the car (as a rule, weighing more than tons) gets such a supply of inertia that it takes a tremendous effort to stop it. The maintenance of the brake system is directly related to the safety of the driver and passengers.

Brake system B. modern cars It is quite reliable, otherwise automakers will not be able to certify their product. There is a built-in diagnostics of the brake system, the pipelines are made in the form of two equivalent and independent contours. Nevertheless, the statistics of the accident due to the flawed brakes are disappointing. It is not only about the inability to stop in time. Uneven distribution of effort between wheels, early blocking, lead to loss of manageability and drift. That is, the car seems to be slowed down, but the braking system itself becomes a source of danger.

The situation aggravates a large number of cars with solid mileage. The owners, as a rule, are negotious to the maintenance of such cars, because the warranty has long been over, and confidence in the reliability of its iron horse on the contrary is strengthened. BUT simple diagnosis The brake system will help not only avoid trouble, but maybe save your life.

Signs of brake system malfunction

The usual grabity disappeared - with the same position of the pedal, the braking is more sluggish.
Increased brake pedal stroke.
When braking, the car takes to the side.
The main brake cylinder has a backlash.
Unjustified decrease in the level of brake fluid.
"Potion" of brake hoses or connecting elements.
Driving on system elements.
Short-term lightning of the lamp "Faulty brake system" on the instrument panel.
Outsided sounds in the area of \u200b\u200bthe wheels when braking.
Drops of brake fluid on the site of a car.

Of course, with an obvious brake failure, the diagnosis of the brake system is not required. Urgent repair is required, since the operation of the car in this case is prohibited. If any of the listed features appears, we recommend contacting our service to examine and prevent serious breakdowns.

How often is the brake system checked?

The frequency of diagnosis is defined in service book, there is a list of works during maintenance. There is also a daily verification that you can spend yourself. But the detailed check, with the measurement of the parameters, is possible only on professional service. If you for some reason do not conduct a regular then, our service station will help you to estimate the state of the brakes with the help of professional stand equipment.

What includes the diagnostics of the brake system?

In addition to standard dynamic tests at which the braking path is estimated, we work according to the factory algorithm.

Checking the wear of the brake pads using the measuring instrument.
Estimation of the condition of the caliper: fastening, guides, springs, dampers.
Check the content of moisture in the brake fluid.
The main brake cylinder: the condition of the cuff, the glands, connecting pipes.
The magnitude of the working pistons.
The performance of the brake system amplifier.

The main diagnosis of the brake system is made on the stand. With the help of measurements, all dynamic parameters. The brake system is checked in workers, emergency and extreme modes. The measurement accuracy is determined by the instrument class. Our service has universal equipment on which you can not only test, but also adjust the main brake cylinder and other system elements.

Is it possible to diagnose the system yourself?

Specialists of our service categorically do not recommend this. Incorrectly carried out the diagnostics of the brake system not only can damage any component. You can make incorrect conclusions about the level of brakes. And then, in a responsible moment, the system will sum up. The same applies to non-professional specialists.

If the work is manufactured on the dealer station, the quality is guaranteed. But the cost of diagnosis will be too high. In this case, the equipment is used the same. After the diagnosis, our service will offer you an optimal cost, repair. You pay only real work, according to flexible rates. On the dealer a hundred you will be imposed of mandatory procedures installed by the manufacturer.

The cost of diagnosing the brake system

The cost of diagnosing the brake system is 400 rubles. Independently calculate the cost of repairing the brake system you can

The brake system is perhaps one of the most important elements in the car and the main guarantor of the driver's safety, so its timely diagnosis and repair must be carried out regularly. The negligence attitude to the work of this node may have the saddest effects. Therefore, I recommend to eliminate the existing minor malfunctions immediately than then produce a serious overhaul.

Brake System Fault Diagnostics

The brake system malfunction indicates: availability foreign noise, brake creaking, jealous, leakage of brake fluid, falling, rustling and lightweight brake pedal, as well as an increase in the braking path. Often, these brake system malfunctions occur due to the violation of the tightness of some elements of the braking system, the brake fluid deficiency or the late replacement, as well as the serious wear of the brake pads.

If you have noticed at least some of these signs, I strongly recommend that you make a complete diagnosis of brakes. First of all, make sure the tightness of all available connections that go from the intake manifold. Then, by clicking on the brake pedal with the engine running, check the vacuum amplifier. Also check that all indicators dashboard Were fee. Take a check of the tightness of the pneumatic reception with non-working engine. The places of large air leaks are quite easy to determine the rumor, and small places are made to identify with the help of a soap solution, which are treated with pipelines.

Repair of the brake system

Before you start repairing the brake system, fix the car in one position. In the event of ineffective inhibition, it is possible to conclude that somewhere there is a leakage of brake fluid from the cylinders of the rear or front brakes. To resolve this problem, you need to replace faulty parts of the cylinders. After that, rinse thoroughly and dry drums and pads, as well as pump the hydraulic system.

When the brake pedal fails, this is a sign that the brake system is delivered. Air from the hydraulic drive must be removed, after which it is necessary to restore the level of the brake fluid in the tanks. Before you begin to remove the air, you need to check which level of fluid in the tank of the main brake cylinder. If the level is lower than the permissible, it is necessary to restore it. After that, remove the protective cap from the exhaust air valve, which is usually on the working cylinder of the rear right wheel of the car. Then one end of the rubber hose is put on the fitting of the valve, and the other is lowered into the glass container with the brake fluid.

Hall a brake pedal several times, then holding it down, reject the fitting into several revs. Having done this, again work the brake pedal and delay it. Now you can gradually release the pedal. Such pumping system of the hydraulic drive must be performed until air bubbles will stop in the dishes with the brake fluid. After the system does not remain in the system, while holding the brake pedal, wrap to the end of the fitting. Having done all the above, the pedal can be released, and the hose is disconnected and installed in place a protective cap.

It happens that the cause of bad work of the brakes is the grinding of the brake linings, while the car, when braking, begins to make a slightly, is accompanied by a characteristic brake creak. In this case, it is necessary to rinse them with warm water using detergent, after the "bathing" thoroughly dry. After the brake linings were dried, it is desirable to produce their grinding, as well as remove abrasive dust.

If you hear a uniform noise during the movement of the machine that disappears when braking, it may mean that the brake pads are erased. In this case, you should be replaced in an urgent strane, otherwise you risk spoiling the brake disc itself. To do this, lock your car at a convenient sustainable position and start disassembling the wheels. Turn steering wheel Maximum right, it will allow you to easier reach the brake pads.

Remove in advance from the bracket, on the front racks, brake hoses. Next, with the help of a "gas" key, climb the brake piston of the caliper. Performing work, pay attention to the fact that the level of the brake fluid is raised. Then remove the brake hose to the side and unscrew the bolts, and also gently remove the brake bracket. After that, install new pads, secure the bolts and install all the details in your place.

With a tight course of the brake pedal, it is possible to conclude that the vacuum amplifier came out, or in the places of the compound of the fitting with the engine pipeline, tightness was broken. To do this, you need to replace the faulty details of the vacuum amplifier. And to restore tightness, process the connection points with special composition or pasta.

If you suddenly happen spontaneous braking of the car, then you most likely faulty caliper or its position is impaired. If you have the first option, then you have to replace the caliper to a new, as for the second - then you can do it just a suspended attachment bolts. In the case of gasoline input fluid, the main brake cylinder seals swell, this is also one of possible causes Turning the wheels. "It is treated" by a serious flushing of the brake fluid system, after that, the details failed, it is necessary to replace and pump the hydraulic system.

Often the cause of the brake system malfunction becomes unfaitingly, brake hoses. The cause of this can be various mechanical damage. If the hose is damaged, there is an increase in pressure, therefore, it must be replaced immediately. Do not listen to those who will advise you to build some tricky bandage or isolation, it can lead to more serious consequences. If the hose is in order, the thread of the connection is damaged, you will have to replace the node or all brake tube. And in no case do not think to use a sealent or tape, believe me, nothing good will come out of it.

Watch out for the state of the brake system of your car, make timely diagnostics, replace the necessary elements, and you are guaranteed to avoid unpleasant situations on the road, as well as secure yourself and other road users. In case of failure, be sure to perform