Mitsubishi Ice X. Mitsubishi ASX dynamic urban crossover. High-tech Mitsubishi ASX engines

home / Driving

In the spring of this year, a company that is part of the Nissan concern Mitsubishi Motors preparing to show the latest development model range which will be produced until 2020. The designers promise to keep the original volume of the body Mitsubishi ASX 2019 with a significant reduction in overall dimensions.

Significant changes in the design of the updated compact crossover are not expected, the main efforts are aimed at updating on-board equipment and electronics in accordance with modern standards.

According to the manufacturer's plan, the car, which has undergone a planned restyling, will be able to successfully compete with similar models of leading Asian and European companies.

Appearance new version crossover Mitsubishi ASX 2019 differs from its predecessor only in details. The body design has been updated in terms of style updates. Analysis of the photo shows that the most changes are in the frontal part of the body.

  • Externally, the car is easily identified by the proprietary X-shaped chrome grille, wedge-shaped front optics, a complex bumper configuration with integrated air intakes, running lights and fog lights.
  • When developing the side design, the main emphasis was placed on the height differences of the door handles, the window sill line and the wide longitudinal profile. The roof line descending towards the stern is perfectly combined with the configuration of the side glazing, semicircles of high wheel arches.
  • List of successful design solutions includes a new body with dynamic sporty styling elements, an exclusive pattern of light alloy wheels and rear-view mirrors with reversed direction indicators.

When reviewing the stern, attention is drawn to a radically modified bumper shape with LED running lights located on the sides, complemented by a metallized plastic lining.

The new model also differs from the pre-reform counterpart by the presence on the lid luggage compartment chrome strip. The appearance and layout of the rear lights are completely copied from the predecessor. The color spectrum of the exterior décor has been expanded with a new shade of Alloy Silver.





Interior

The new body fully provides the convenience of long trips for the driver and four passengers. High-quality noise-absorbing and decorative finishing materials were used in the interior trim.

On-board equipment and automotive electronics are controlled using touch monitors.

In the list of updates:

  • equipped with interfaces Apple CarPlay and Android Auto multimedia complex Smartphone Link;
  • modified layout of the front console, tunnel and transmission mode selector lever.

The Touring Package offers a road obstruction detection, lane monitoring, automatic control head optics. The additional list includes a reverse camera and a panoramic roof with an integrated sunroof.

Specifications

The overall parameters of the Mitsubishi ACX 2019 with a curb weight of 1385 kg are made in the ratio of 4295x1770x1615 mm. The base ride height is 170 mm, the wheelbase length is 2670 mm.

The combination of the above parameters of the updated crossover contributes to:

  • convenient parking on city streets;
  • stable directional stability when driving at high speeds;
  • patency on roads with problematic surfaces.

The choice of power unit for the American version is limited to two gasoline-powered drives. In the basic version, this is a 2-liter 148-horsepower engine, in the top version, a 2.4-liter analogue with a return of up to 168 hp.

The power characteristics of the power units are realized by a 5-speed manual transmission or by means of a CVT type variator. Depending on the configuration, the crossover is equipped with a front axle drive or a Multi-Select 4WD all-wheel drive chassis.

Model intended for deliveries to Russian market, most likely it will be equipped with pre-reform power units with a displacement of 1.6-1.8, respectively, and a power of 117/140 hp. There is no reliable information about transmissions.

Options and prices

Within basic configuration Inform new Mitsubishi ACX 2019 model year costing from 1,100,000 rubles offers a fairly wide range of on-board equipment:

  • electric windows;
  • the function of adjusting the seat and steering column according to the driver's build;
  • touch control of the media and information system.

In the list of additional options - alloy wheels wheel pneumatics, a set of parking sensors and fog lights.

The equipment of the updated Mitsubishi ACX model of the Invite version, costing from 1,200,000 rubles, has been supplemented with:

  • front row seat heating systems;
  • a branded audio complex and a luggage compartment curtain.

In a higher price category there is a crossover version of Intense. The price increased by more than 150,000 rubles is compensated for:

  • moving the main elements and systems of the car on the steering wheel;
  • the presence of another information monitor;
  • leather-wrapped steering wheel and gear selector.

Start of sales in Russia

In American car dealerships, a modernized 2019 Mitsubishi crossover called Outlander Sport will appear in the fall of this year.

Officially, the release date in Russia has not been made public, according to information received from dealers, the Russian version of the car will appear on the domestic market towards the end of the year. The time for accepting and processing applications for a test drive will be announced later.

Competing Models

It is expected that the modernization will allow the new Mitsubishi model of the ACX series to compete on equal terms with similar developments of other automotive brands. At this hour, the list of rivals includes models similar in basic parameters, and.

Good afternoon. In today's article, typical weak spots Mitsubishi ACX and operational problems. Traditionally for our site, the article is supplemented with excellent photo and video materials.

Competition among compact crossovers is now fierce. Almost everyone automotive manufacturer considers it his duty to offer customers a compact conqueror of light off-road. Mitsubishi was no exception, which in 2010 introduced the Mitsubishi ASX crossover to the European market. And among the competitors, the Japanese "SUV" is not lost. A year later, on the streets of our cities, ASX began to come across with enviable regularity, and now compact crossover quite common in the used car market. And there, he is also not deprived of attention from potential buyers. But will the operation of a used Mitsubishi ASX be joyful and serene?

The body is the weak point of the Mitsubishi ACX.

Almost all paintwork modern cars is a favorite object of criticism from motorists. The Japanese crossover was no exception. After a couple of years of operation, a fairly large number of small chips and scratches appear on the body of the Mitsubishi ASX. The Japanese crossover has not bypassed another problem of modern cars - the appearance of condensate in the rear lights and foglights. But if you can still put up with this, then it is much more difficult to put up with the bursting glass of fog lights. Keeping them safe and sound, however, is not so difficult. To do this, try not to expose the delicate glass of the foglights to sudden changes in temperature. So forcing deep puddles at full speed on a Mitsubishi ASX is better don't get involved.

Salon - cheap and cheerful.


Cabin plastic in the ASX is not too expensive, so it's not surprising that it starts to squeak a little over time. Most crossover owners get used to the creak and simply stop paying attention to it. But getting used to the drop from the ceiling lamp will not work. The problem will have to be solved. Condensation that forms between the roof and its upholstery can be eliminated by gluing the inner surface of the roof with special heat-insulating materials. It won't be very expensive, but it will take some getting used to.

Engine range - which is better to choose?

For the Mitsubishi ASX sold on our market, three gasoline engines were offered, each of which has a timing chain drive. On this moment the owners of the Japanese crossover have the least complaints about the most powerful two-liter engine with a capacity of 150 Horse power. With timely maintenance, he will not remind himself at all.

But the most weak engine, which, with a volume of 1.6 liters, develops 117 horsepower, can cause minor problems from time to time. Some Mitsubishi owners ASX with this power unit have already complained that they are not always able to start the car the first time. But since the problem has not become systemic over the years of crossover production, the Japanese are not yet thinking about solving it. But with detonation, which sometimes occurs at medium speeds on cars with a 1.6-liter engine, dealers and Mitsubishi itself tried to fight. They released a new firmware for the engine ECU, which partially solved the problem. Although individual owners still note that sometimes detonation appears again.

There are fewer complaints about the 140-horsepower 1.8-liter gasoline engine. Only on restyled versions of the crossover, and they began to be produced in 2012, this power unit sometimes frightened the owners of the Japanese crossover with the appearance of extraneous rattling sounds. And if at first official dealers blamed the resonating crankcase protection for everything, then it turned out that the source extraneous sounds is the vibrating drive belt tensioner.

transmission problems.


A very reliable manual transmission on the Mitsubishi ASX is relatively rare. Most of the cars that have already managed to prove themselves well on the older Outlander models. Only isolated cases of premature failure of the variator are known. And in this case, we can say with confidence that the blame for this lies entirely with the owners of the ill-fated cars.

The suspension is another weak spot.


So if Mitsubishi has ASX weak place, then this is definitely its suspension. Not only was it tuned not in the best way on pre-styling crossovers (on cars that were released after 2012, the settings were changed for the better), but also from the point of view of reliability, it is far from ideal. The stabilizer bushings on the Mitsubishi ASX can withstand only 35-40 thousand kilometers, after another 10-15 thousand kilometers the crossover can upset with leaking front shock absorbers. The rest of the "consumables" can withstand more. And their cost is quite acceptable, so the suspension of the "Japanese" will not require any special costs.

Conclusion.

Of course, Mitsubishi ASX owners are not immune from small troubles, but the Japanese crossover will not cause big troubles. In terms of reliability, it looks much more preferable than most of its competitors. Not without reason, even used Mitsubishi ASX find their new owners quickly enough.

That's all for me today, if you want to supplement the article about the weaknesses of the Mitsubishi ACX - write comments.

The constant growth in fuel costs and the desire of motorists to save money has given rise to completely new trends in the automotive industry. A striking example of a new trend is the ASX car, which is sold on favorable conditions and you can buy it on credit, as well as for your own funds. This small crossover created by the Japanese meets all modern requirements, ranging from big expense fuel and ending with compact dimensions. At the same time, as additional option You can order all-wheel drive, which will allow you to overcome light off-road. Numerous tests of this model have shown that it is quite good, the only thing that it cannot do is diagonal hanging. Despite the large amount of special electronics, the wheels slip.

car design Mitsubishi ACX was a success, so the sale of this model is a great success around the world, and the price varies depending on the configuration. The front end was made in the style of the latest Lancer model, which shocked everyone. Autosalon "Inkom-Avto" is an official dealer ASX car, we give the opportunity to buy this model at favorable price and choose the package that suits you. You have the opportunity to choose one of three petrol engines with a volume of 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 liters, which are equipped with a manual gearbox or CVT variator. Buying a car Mitsubishi ASX on credit You definitely need to buy a full package of insurance services, and thanks to the successful work of our managers, you will receive a good discount on these services. Also, when buying from us, you will have discounts on the purchase of accessories and become a member of the bonus system.

Car showroom " Inkom-Auto”is the best ASX car dealer in Moscow, our customers have a unique opportunity to purchase a new car at the best price. To further expand the capabilities of our car dealership, we have our own technical center that deals with the repair, maintenance of cars, as well as the installation of additional accessories and equipment. You can buy a lot of accessories for ACX from us, our car dealership is the largest in Moscow and is ready to do everything to make our offers the best for customers.

As for the car itself, it is ideal for almost any purpose and can be driven by both a woman and a man. Also, to increase the number of buyers, this model has different engines and gearboxes, which can provide high efficiency and acceptable dynamics. ASX sale started relatively recently, and in such a short period of time the model has a lot of potential buyers and the price in our showroom adds to its attractiveness.

At the very beginning of 2013, it became known about a minor restyling for the compact ASX SUV, as a result of which the car received a different finish for some interior elements, and also underwent improvements in appearance. But, despite this, the manufacturer decided not to increase the cost of the car, which means that in the showrooms official dealers the updated SUV can be purchased at the prices of last year's lineup.

Recall that the Mitsubishi ACX compact SUV was created on the basis of the Concept-cX concept car, shown back in 2007. The first production cars rolled off the assembly line in 2010. This car is based on the Project Global universal platform, which makes it similar to the Outlander XL and Lancer X. And in the abbreviation "ASX", the manufacturer encrypted the main concept that the developers relied on when creating this crossover, and in full it reads like Active Sport X -over or "crossover for active driving."

A clear adherence to this concept can be traced already in appearance car. The compact Mitsubishi ACX crossover is dynamic and modern, and in some details it looks like a full-fledged aggressive SUV, ready for any difficulties in its path.

Restyling in 2013 gave this model new bumpers, while the front one was especially updated - it became more solid due to getting rid of the massive lower contrasting insert and changing the shape of the fog lamps. The design of the radiator grill has also undergone minor changes. In addition, there are more chrome elements in the exterior trim, which added elegance and style to the car.

Dimensions have not changed: 4295x1770x1625 mm. Wheelbase still equal to 2670 mm, and the ground clearance is 195 mm. All the same impressive trunk volume - 415 liters (despite the fact that a full-size spare wheel is hidden underground).

There was no global revision of the interior of the crossover during restyling. The five-seat interior layout has been retained, the location of the control elements on the front panel and center console has also remained virtually unchanged. Of the conspicuous changes, we note the presence of a new steering wheel, the use of more expensive seat trim materials, the appearance of chrome inserts on the door panels, the use of a different audio system and a new navigation module with support for SD memory cards for loading additional navigation maps.

Otherwise, the interior of the Mitsubishi ASX 2014-2015 model year has retained the previously laid down high ergonomics and good level comfort.

Specifications. In Russia and the CIS countries, the 2015 Mitsubishi ACX crossover is offered only with gasoline engines, while in Europe and the USA a modification with a diesel power unit is also available, which it was decided not to use in our country due to poor quality diesel fuel, capable of making the engine unusable in a very short time (much less than the warranty period).

However, the range of gasoline engines in this “Mitsubishi SUV” is quite wide - it includes three engines that can satisfy the needs of any buyer:

  • The youngest in this line is the 4A92 four-cylinder power unit, developed back in 2004 by MDC Power, but later subjected to a number of improvements. This engine has a working volume of 1.6 liters (1590 cm³) and is capable of developing up to 117 hp. at 6100 rpm. Each cylinder has 4 valves controlled electronic system variable valve timing MIVEC. The engine is built on the basis of an all-aluminum block, equipped with an ECU-MULTI distributed injection system and has a timing chain drive with two camshafts DOHC. The maximum torque of this power unit is at around 154 Nm at 4000 rpm, which makes it easy to accelerate the crossover to 183 km/h or accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 11.4 seconds. The 4A92 engine meets the requirements of the Euro-4 standard and has very decent performance characteristics: the average fuel consumption of the AI-95 class in the city does not exceed 7.8 liters, on the suburban highway, gasoline consumption drops to 5.0 liters, and in mixed driving mode the car consumes about 6.1 liters of fuel.
  • The second in the line of engines for ACX is the unit with the index 4V10, also entirely made of aluminum and having four cylinders with an in-line arrangement. Like the previous engine, the 4V10 is equipped with an ECU-MULTI multipoint injection system, DOHC camshafts and MIVEC electronic valve timing control. The engine was built on the basis of the GEMA platform, in the development of which Mitsubishi, Hyundai and Chrysler participated. The working volume of this power unit is 1.8 liters or 1798 cm³, and the maximum power reaches 140 hp. at 6000 rpm. The peak torque is at around 177 Nm at 4200 rpm, allowing the crossover to quietly develop 186 km/h top speed or raise the arrow from 0 to 100 km / h in 13.1 seconds. The engine also complies with the Euro-4 environmental standard, and its fuel consumption in the city is about 9.8 liters. On the highway, the 4V10 engine consumes 6.4 liters of AI-95 gasoline, and in the mixed driving mode, the average consumption will be about 7.6 liters.
  • Flagship gasoline engine for A-S-X, the 4B11 unit, also built on the GEMA platform, was selected. In terms of equipment with electronic and other systems, nothing new is added in this version, but the working volume of four cylinders has been increased to 2.0 liters (1998 cm³). The power of the power unit using AI-92 fuel has increased to 150 hp. at 6000 rpm, and the peak torque is 197 Nm at 4200 rpm. The capabilities of the 4B11 engine make it possible to accelerate the updated crossover to 188 km / h, while the acceleration time to the first hundred on the speedometer will be about 11.9 seconds. You can’t call an economical engine, but this can be attributed to the costs of using all-wheel drive: 6.8 liters on the highway, 10.5 liters in the city and 8.1 liters in mixed driving mode.

As for the transmission, the junior power unit is equipped exclusively with a five-speed mechanical box gears, and the other two engines are aggregated with a continuously variable variator. The automatic all-wheel drive system is installed only in modifications with the flagship engine and has three modes of operation, selected at the touch of a button on the central tunnel: 2WD, 4WD AUTO and 4WD LOCK. Junior engines are installed on cars with front-wheel drive.

Improvements and some changes in the suspension settings of the updated Mitsubishi ASX in 2013 made it possible to significantly improve the driving capabilities of the car, bringing the quality of the suspension closer to the Outlander XL level. The crossover received stiffer front levers, new silent blocks, as well as retuned shock absorbers. The front still uses MacPherson struts and a stabilizer bar. roll stability. At the rear, a multi-link suspension system is used. On all wheels, the manufacturer installed a ventilated disc brake system with discs with a diameter of 11.6 inches. As a steering mechanism, a rack and pinion type is used, supplemented by a modern electric booster.

Options and prices. Mitsubishi ASX in 2015 is offered to Russian buyers in a very wide range of trim levels:

  • ACX modifications with a junior engine have three types of equipment: Inform for a price of 989,000 rubles, Invite for 1,069,990 rubles and Intense for 1,129,990 rubles.
  • The 1.8-liter engine is offered in Invite, Intense and Instyle trim levels. The price in this case varies in the range from 1,189,990 to 1,359,990 rubles.
  • The choice of the flagship engine implies an even greater variety of equipment options, with "Invite", "Intense" and "Instyle" being added "Ultimate" and "Exclusive". The cost of "ASX" with such a motor, respectively, starts at 1,379,990 rubles, and for the maximum exclusive equipment, you will have to pay at least 1,699,990 rubles.

We add that the prices shown are relevant for cars painted in the base color. White color. Those who decide to choose a different body color will have to fork out an additional 14,000 rubles.

The creation and sale of modern city cars is the main task of Mitsubishi. Modern ASX crossover is a car that is increasingly seen on our streets.

The urban crossover market is oversaturated with modern and high-quality cars. However, even under these conditions, Mitsubishi managed to create an interesting and stylish car, which is currently the leader in sales in this segment.

The first version of the ASX crossover was not particularly popular, but three years later the company released an updated version of the car, which captivated domestic motorists with advanced technologies and stylish design. However, is the car worth its price? What are its main advantages and disadvantages? We will talk about this.

The evolution of the Mitsubishi ASX crossover

The first Mitsubishi ASX car was released back in 2010. However, the first cars at that time were very much criticized in the press. In addition, users were also extremely dissatisfied enough expensive car which does not meet the stated specifications. The crossover's biggest problem was the suspension. When driving on rough roads, a distinct knock was heard, in addition, the car swayed strongly in the pits and even changed the trajectory of movement.

However, motorists called the lack of a smooth ride, which is expected from cars of this class, the biggest problem. Therefore, the management of the first Mitsubishi ASX model was somewhat difficult. And the work of the stabilization system caused a lot of complaints.

Another problem with the car is the variator, which periodically hung up, especially if the car accelerated very quickly. In addition, the freezing of the variator was accompanied by a distinct howl of the motor.

Therefore, questions arose more and more often, how could such a well-known concern produce how crude a car was. The main reason for the release is not very quality car was the financial crisis.

Due to the fact that Mitsubishi wanted to release a compact crossover faster, it suffered serious losses. After that, the Mitsubishi ASX crossover went through two waves of updates.

In order not to lose image after the release of the first low-quality ASX crossover, the company had to work on its mistakes very quickly. First of all, we fixed the errors of the designers, which were the most complaints. In addition, serious work was done on the design of the machine.

Mitsubishi ASX design

The change in the design of the car is imperceptible at first glance, but it is significant. Basic measurements are taught at the front of the car. As a result, the car began to look much more solid and presentable. In addition, the car acquired its recognizable look, thanks to which the latest Mitsubishi ASX model has become so popular.

If we talk about the interior of the car, then you should not paint all the beauty of its decoration. All Mitsubishi ASX vehicles have a comfortable, practical and elegant interior that can be customized in less than a minute.

The most expensive materials are not used for interior decoration, but everything is done very carefully and soundly. The car is very comfortable for people who are much taller than average. The cabin is quite spacious both in the front seats and in the rear. Both the seats and the steering wheel are adjustable. That's why the car will fit for people of all sizes.

But the most comfortable in the cabin Mitsubishi car ASX is good review roads. The creators of the crossover gave this Special attention. However, through the window on the fifth door, visibility is slightly limited. So that this drawback does not cause inconvenience, the designers equipped the car with a rear-view camera.

It is also worth paying attention to a fairly spacious trunk, in which you can carry bulky goods. However, older ASX models had more trunk space. The fact is that the latest crossover model is equipped with a full-size spare wheel, which occupies a certain volume of the luggage compartment.

Another feature of the car is a large panoramic roof, which makes the car very light and visually increases the interior space. However, thanks to high-quality tinting, the car is not hot and not too light. Yes, and LED backlight creates a very original lighting.

However, the ASX crossover is not very suitable for people who like a bright interior with a variety of elements. Japanese cars, as a rule, are always concise and simple. That's why dashboard although it has a huge number of buttons and settings, it has a rather discreet design and backlighting. But most importantly - all the knobs and switches are located very conveniently.

Technical flaws in the car interior

Despite the fact that the designers did a good job on the mistakes of the first Mitsubishi ASX model, certain shortcomings still remained. Let's start with the uncomfortable climate control system. First of all, it is already inconvenient that the system is regulated by rotating knobs, and it is not entirely clear on which division this knob is located at a particular moment.

Another drawback is the inconvenient location of the button that turns on the seat heating. The fact is that its inclusion is possible only at the moment when the driver is not sitting in the chair, so it will be difficult to turn on the heating during the ride.

The audio system of the crossover is quite high quality. However, it has a touch screen, information from which is very hard to see in the sun.

Test drive Mitsubishi ACX

Let's start the test drive of the Mitsubishi ASX crossover by leaving the parking lot. For this, a rear-view camera is used, which displays information on the radio screen. However, the downside is that the trajectory of the machine is not displayed on the screen. Therefore, for movement in reverse it is more convenient to use side mirrors.

Another noticeable disadvantage that is felt from the first minutes of ignition of the car is a distinct noise in the cabin. latest model Mitsubishi ASX has the same problem as the first one. This is a very noisy variator, which was the main problem of the first percy of the car, which the designers could not cope with.

The crossover is very dynamic and ideal for driving in big city. However, for the track, the car lacks quick acceleration and braking. The manual mode of the variator copes with this task.

On low revs the motor does not have enough torque, so it is desirable that the tachometer is always shown above 4 thousand revolutions. This feature can have sedans with manual box gears, but for quality modern crossover, which is equipped with a variator, this is not the most best feature. In addition, the car accelerates for a few seconds longer than the manufacturer claims.

On domestic roads, probably the most important indicator of the quality of a car will be its ability to hold the road. Therefore, if you run into a hole, you will not feel a thud, as it was in the first version of the Mitsubishi ASX. The energy-intensive suspension extinguishes even deep pits and potholes almost completely, and this is a huge plus for low-quality domestic roads. Therefore, at high speeds on the track, the pits will not be felt at all.

With a sharp turn, the car perfectly holds the trajectory even on rough roads. However, at high speeds, the car begins to move out of the corner. In addition, when exiting the turn, it becomes a little steeper than at the entrance to it.

Particular attention should be paid brake system crossover. The brakes work great both on the city road and on the highway. All movements of the car are clear and confident, in addition, work ABS systems very logical.

The steering also pleased. IN latest version The car is equipped with an improved electric power steering, which made the steering even more precise. Of course, the car has its drawbacks, but for potential car buyers, they will be insignificant.

Characteristics of Mitsubishi ACX

The interior of the crossover is very spacious and comfortable, so there is even a lot of space for five people. The trunk has a volume of 415 liters, so you can carry bulky luggage in it. At the same time, there is a full-size spare tire in the trunk, without which it is difficult to imagine yourself comfortably on domestic roads, as well as a subwoofer.

The basic version of the car is equipped with an electric package, heated seats, air conditioning, a high-capacity battery so that there are no problems starting the engine in winter time year, as well as high-quality heating of all mirrors. In the event that you purchase complete package, then the crossover will be equipped panoramic roof and stylish LED lighting.

The car is equipped with a full range of active and passive safety devices, among which are ABS, airbags for the driver and all passengers, as well as an additional pillow located at the driver’s knees, a system that makes it possible to start on a strong slope, an emergency and regenerative braking system and other.

Video test drive Mitsubishi ACX

New mitsubishi ash It has a lot of pros, but it's also not without its cons. It's all in our video.

Description of Mitsubishi ASX crossover models

On the domestic market, you can buy cars that are equipped with gasoline engines with a volume of 1.6 liters, 1.8 liters, and 2.0 liters. Let's describe each of the car options in more detail.

  • The first version of the crossover is the Mitsubishi ASX with a 1.6 liter gasoline engine. It has a power of 117 hp.

This engine has 4 cylinders and 16 valves. The car has front wheel drive. The acceleration time of the car to 100 km / h is less than 12 seconds.

  • More powerful car is a crossover with an engine capacity of 1.8 liters. Such a car is equipped with a stepless variator with Sports mode.
  • Most powerful crossover Mitsubishi ASX series is a car with a 2.0 liter engine. This crossover is equipped all-wheel drive. Vehicle acceleration time is less than 10 seconds.

© 2023 bugulma-lada.ru -- Portal for car owners