Electric heating for commercial equipment. What heater is better for the engine: electro or autonomous. How Webasto works

When coldly occurs (usually for any of us, "sudden") every car owner thinks whether his car will be charged or not. And even if the battery coped with a difficult task and the "cold start" was safely implemented, with such a method of exploitation arises a number of negative consequences:

• engine details are faster wear out;
• the load on the battery increases: as a result, the service life is significantly reduced;
• the engine works for a long time on idling (A, this is not the most "useful" mode for it).

The preheating of the engine will not only extend the "life" of the motor without repair, but also to largely increase the comfort of using the car in winter time.

Principle of operation and varieties of preheating engine

All systems, regardless of the design, installed in cars to facilitate the start of the motor in the cold season, are heated not to the engine itself, and increase the temperature of its ambient coolant (abbreviated it is called PP). Therefore, Tosol, saving engine from overheating while dried up with pre-equipment, Heats the engine elements, which contributes to the implementation of its easy launch (even at very low temperatures).

According to the principle of operation, all the preheaters of engines (both gasoline and diesel) are divided into two main groups:

• autonomous;
• electric.

The first as a source of energy use car fuel. To operate the second, it is necessary to connect to 220 volts to the power supply.

Autonomous preheating heaters

This type of engine preheaters is most functional, as it does not depend on the connection to external sources Energy (therefore, they call them autonomous). However, their cost is higher than electric. Install such a heated engine with their own hands, not possessing the necessary technical skills and sufficient experience, is quite difficult. In addition independent installation Such high-tech devices leads to a loss of a warranty on the car.

On a note! If you install a heater in an authorized center, then all warranty obligations are preserved.

And despite pretty high costSuch devices are widely popular. By analogy with autonomous systems of building heating, such devices are sometimes called boilers. Until recently, the most famous manufacturers of these products were German "Webasto" and "Eberspacher (Hydronic). But now a decent competition is made up russian firms: "Binar" and "Teplostar"; as well as the Chinese "Belief".

Autonomous heating consists of:

• fuel pump;
• the rigid candle or the incandescent pin (from tungsten or cobalt);
• evaporative burner;
• combustion chambers;
• heat exchanger;
• supercharger motor;
• input and cooling fluid outputs;
• control unit.

The boiler is installed in the engine compartment and embed into the fuel and cooling system of the car. The scheme presented below helps to understand how the autonomous heater works.

When the device is turned on (with a button, signal from the timer, the remote control unit, or the GSM module), the air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber and is set on its plane candles (or incandescent pins). When combustion, the heat exchanger is heated, which leads to the heating of the coolant. Pump pumps toosol through the engine and radiator of the standard interior heating system. When the fluid temperature is reached, about 60 ° C automation unit turns on the cabin fan.

The "Webasto Thermo Top Evo Start" heater (5 kW), designed to install on cars with an engine capacity of up to 5 liters, with a programmable weekly timer and installation items costs about 25,000 rubles. The remote control unit (range of about 1 km) and the GSM unit (for the possibility of managing a mobile phone) are purchased separately. The installation of the certified dealer will cost no more than 8000 ÷ 10,000 rubles.

Passive electrical heaters

In Canada and all Scandinavian countries, outlets where you can connect such heater, equipped, practically all parking spaces.

We still have such a service only a few paid car parkings. And, so if you live in a private house or keep the car in the garage, then, undoubtedly, this device will greatly facilitate your life in the cold time.

The easiest technical plan and most economically available way to perform a pre-heating of diesel or gasoline engine Before launching in the winter - installing an electrical heater to one of the engine cylinder block plugs. Technologically, it is a conventional boiler for certain sizes and power. The circulation of the fluid is carried out by gravity (the fitting rises upstairs, and the cold drops down). The product selection depends on the specific engine model. The market is widely represented by devices, practically, for all car brands from a wide variety of manufacturers.

For example, electric preheating engine from "DEFA" for the VAZ-oska "dozens" with a capacity of 550 W with additional spacers (for better fixation with inner The block of cylinders) and the sealing sealing ring costs 1,700 ÷ 1800 rubles. And for " Subaru Forester.»A similar device (with a threaded fastening) with a capacity of 600 W from the same manufacturer will cost 2600 ÷ 2800 rubles.

Depending on the type of plugs, manufacturers produce such devices for both the threaded installation and pressing. The model is chosen depending on the variety of engine itself.

Possessing even minimal technical skills, install such a device for engine heating from 220 in your own hands (with cable and connections for connection) is quite simple:

• partially merge the cooling fluid (usually enough 2 ÷ 2.5 liters);
• we dismantle the plug on the cylinder block (the most closely located to the central part of the engine to ensure better warming up);
• insert the heating element instead;
• we connect the electrical cable;

• a power outlet for connecting the power grid or we derive out through the radiator grille (for those who are not very worried appearance Car), or Breppy in a convenient location on the front bumper (or under it).

To make it convenient to use a similar device, you can additionally set the on / off timer.

Electric heaters with coolant circulation

Electric heaters with pumps (to ensure the circulation of heated fluid through the engine and the cabin stove radiator) allow you to evenly warm the entire engine. Although such devices are more expensive than passive electrical systemsThe effectiveness of their work is much higher. The thermostat built into the case automatically turns off the heating when the fluid temperature is reached 80 ° C.

Installation of such a device is quite simple:

• merge the cooling fluid;
• krepim device body;
• we carry out the insertion into the standard cooling system (between the output from the cylinder block and the inlet nozzle of the cabin radiator);
• fill the coolant.

The Russian engine heater from 220 V "NEXT satellite" (with a capacity of 1.5 to 3 kW, which is chosen depending on the climatic operating conditions and volume of the engine) with pump and automatic power outage costs from 2200 to 3200 rubles.

Supplementing such a device relay with a thermal sensor to turn on the stove fan, we can count on not only the easy engine start, but also breathed to a comfortable temperature of the car.

Flexible thermoplasties

The above-considered devices embedded in the cooling system do not provide heated oil in engines. This is their significant disadvantage. With severe frosts, even a good warm engine, the thickened oil is quite problematic. Flexible heating plates for the preheating of the engine allow you to do without much difficulty homemade device, Quite quickly (in just 20 ÷ 30 minutes) an increase in oil temperature. Technologically, they are a heating element pressed between two layers of silicone. On the one hand, the plates are adhesive composition (3m), with another porous material with good thermal insulation. The power of one heating element ranges from 60 to 400 W. Such devices are released to connect to the on-board network of a car with a voltage of 12 or 24 V, or to household electrical power grid by 220 V. The cost of these products from "Hotstart" or "Keenovo" depending on the size and power is 2000 ÷ 8000 rubles per piece.

With the help of such devices, you can easily heat the engine crankcase pallet or automatic box Transmissions. One plate with a size of 127 x 152 mm and a power of 100 W is enough for a car with a motor with a volume of up to 3 liters.

Installation of such products is quite simple:

• clean the place of installation from dirt and paint;
• then remove the protective film and do not forget to glue the plate;
• at the edges we apply a layer of sealant;
• we fix the electrical wires and drag them to the location of the connection.

By installing such plates (with built-in thermal sensor) on the car tank and fuel filter, you can create a heating device fuel system diesel engine.

The main advantages of such devices are:

• Low power consumption.
• Ability to use for heating a variety of components and car mechanisms.
• Easy installation (regular systems of the car remain unaffected).
• Autonomy (when using plates with 12 V nutrition).

In custody

What a heater is better to install on the car depends on your personal preferences, financial capabilities and parking sites. By installing the heating system from the proven and well-proven manufacturer, you will not only save time, but you will be sure that your car will start with serious frosts.

The climatic conditions of most territory of our country are distinguished by a very large range of temperatures: from heat in summer to chilling frosts in winter. In the summer, the operation of the car is quite simple, although it has its own specific features. And in the cold season, the car engine needs considerable time after starting so that its temperature reaches workers. And to facilitate the cold start and saving time, when you warmer the machine, there is an electrical heater of the engine, which for a rather short period of time is able to bring its temperature to acceptable values.

Engine launch features in the cold season

Engine internal combustion Due to the peculiarities of its design, it is capable of developing the maximum of its power and torque in rather narrow temperature range. That's why cold launchEspecially in the winter season, so harmful to engines. Previously, before the appearance of preheaters, the only way was the start and warming on idle or high revs. Now, with the advent of a variety of means and methods of warming up, it is possible to neglected. Especially since modern motors Very effectively distribute heat from the combustion chambers and quickly warmed up, thanks to which you can start moving almost immediately after launch. But this can be done under the conditions of the usual winter, and if at night the temperature reaches 40-45 degrees below zero? Here the additional heated engine is simply necessary in winter.

What is the engine heater

In the general case, the engine heating is carried out by artificially improving the coolant temperature so that it heats the engine parts (block and cylinder head, as well as the heater radiator). This makes it possible to significantly reduce the negative impact of increased friction force at start-up and local (uneven) heating of its parts.

Types of engine heaters

Actually, the types of heaters are only two - autonomous and electric. Autonomous heating, as follows from the name, does not depend on external conditions and is part of the automotive power plant: For its work, fuel from the tank is used. The most famous example is the autonomous heater of the Webasto engine. Special boilers with fuel combustion are heated by coolant, which circulates on the system - and all this without starting the engine.

The electric auto-heater is also embedded in the engine cooling system and with a special heating element, like a boiler, heats the coolant.

Electric heater as an alternative to standalone devices

The installation of a 220V engine heater is much easier (as it has, in fact, only one element and wires for connecting) and much cheaper, while it does not use gasoline as a heat source, bypassed electricity.

Varieties of electrical heaters

Block

The simplest type of heaters that are installed in the cylinder block instead of a block of side. They are an electric heating element in the housing and connector. Such models do not have a high power consumed (500-700W), but due to the fact that they are directly in the engine, it warms it almost in the center. More complex engine heating systems can be equipped with salon fan heaters, timer launch with remote control. The only problem in the installation can be the engine (crankcase ventilation hose), since it is often set so that overlaps the plug in the block.

Pipes

Such devices are installed in the incision of the main sockets of the cooling system. The heater itself is equipped with a special adapter body, which is installed directly on the hoses. The disadvantage is that most of these devices are designed for the standard diameter of the hoses. Such devices have a power may be higher (up to 2-3 kW), the functionality and the equipment is about the same as the previous group.

Remote

This is a special group of devices that are also embedded in the cooling system, but more complex in its design and installation. Such models are more similar to the "Webasto" heaters, only work on electricity, and not gasoline. Such models most effectively warm the coolant and the cylinder block. In the remote heater also there is also a coercive coolant circulation, which better contributes to the uniform warming of the cylinder block and reduces the detrimental effects of the cold start. The cost of such aggregates varies more than an order of magnitude (from 1.5 thousand rubles for ordinary chinese models up to 23 thousand rubles for a really good American hotstart). The power of the heating element will also differ much and depends on the litter.

Advantages of engine heating 220V:

• Low cost Installation kit and installation itself (from 1 thousand rubles).
• Wide the lineup Compatible with almost all motors, simplicity of design and high efficiency.

Disadvantages of the electric heater:

• In the nearest accessibility there should be a household outlet for 220V.
• Outdoor hood during heating. On the modern models This is not so relevant because they are equipped with a special connector embedded in front bumper.
• Reliability of some modelsWhich over time begin to skip the coolant coolant at the place of the joint.

How to put the heated engine

Installing the engine heating with their own hands - a relatively simple task. It will not require special tools and special knowledge. Only a general understanding of the principles of operation of automotive engines and an idea of \u200b\u200bthe location of nodes and aggregates under the hood is.

To understand how to install the heated engine, it is enough to look into the installation instructions attached to the kit. The overall sequence of installation is as follows.

1. Since the heater is installed in the cooling system, it is necessary to merge part of the antifreeze (at least 2 liters to lower its level and prevent leakage during depressurization)
2. In case of installation of a block heater, a plug from the cylinder block is removed And the heating element is installed. For remote or pipes, hoses leading to the heater radiator are removed. It is better to use hoses included in the installation kit so as not to cut the factory. When installing new connections, all compounds are fixed with the help of clamps, and the fittings are preferably wrapped with a sealant to avoid leaks.
3. The case of the device is attached using a bracketcoming in the kit.
4. All necessary connections are held.The rest of the assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
5. Antifreeze poured back to the desired level. When filling, it is advisable to avoid the appearance aerial traffic (popping antifreeze in expansion tank Caution, fine trickle!).

Installing the engine heating is the task, quite satisfying almost everyone. And which type to choose, depends on the specific operating conditions and constructive features car.

Electric preheater The engine belongs to the most affordable device among other types of non-autonomous pre-preparation of the car.

You can of course run the engine to the cold, but, first of all, it is fraught with increased wear of the whole motor systemAnd secondly, in a warm, pre-warmed salon is much more pleasant to sits cold winter in the morning. Therefore, it is reasonable, and in the future more economical in terms of maintenance, It will take care of the early heating of the engine, setting a special heating elements in the circuit of the cooling system. Since heating devices operating by electrical principle There are different power and types, you should consider the time required for the set of the desired temperature to your engine and the lounge, it takes on average to half an hour.

What types of electrical engine heating are most common:

Electric remote engine heater, outdoor type, resulting in energy for its work from the AC 220V. Its heating elements are made of high-quality materials, they are durable and unpretentious in service. The only feature that should be taken into account is the insufficiently developed infrastructure of places where you can use the heated service. In the Scandinavian countries, in parking lots and near supermarkets, such small columns can often be found, just for these purposes. For our person, buy an external pipe heater unequivocally makes sense if the car owner has an equipped garage or the ability to use the electrical network in the car park, in this case it is an excellent solution.

Electric block type preheater, installed in a cylinder block or oil pan. The absence of multi-meter wiring and hoses makes them extremely convenient and efficient heating elements. They act pointally, he is heating exactly the node, which is primarily necessary for the safe and fast launch of the motor. Control of the heater, that is, automatic shutdown when sufficient temperatures, is carried out using a thermostat, or a timer. Although there are low-power models, where this option is completely absent simply because they are not capable of bringing fluid to a boil, which means completely safe, even if you forget them included.

Most of these devices can be bought as separate components, if only the electric preheater is needed and full-fledged mounting sets for installation, from Atlant firms, Defa, Calix, Severste, Start, Alliance, Lester. In such sets, in addition to the heater itself are often available:

• - Salon Heater Block, which begins to work long before the standard stove
• - control panel, an average range of up to 1000 m
• - A device for rechargeable battery, perfectly unchecked in a snowy winter
• - pump, for more uniform engine warming

Buy heated engine 220V, with a complete mounting kit you can in a specialized online store, it is difficult to run into poor-quality goods or marriage, which often happens when buying spare parts on natural markets or flea layouts.

So, electric heater Engine 220V, makes it possible at any time of the year, easily and with minimal wear to run the motor, reduces the load on the ecology and fuel consumption to 24%, harmful emissions up to 71%, due to the use of safer electrical energy.

Installation of the engine preheater on average is within 5000 rubles. It can be made both independently and contact our specialized car service. The masters will take into account the specifics of the cooling system provided and will give their recommendations for the acquisition and installation of a particular model or installation of the electric power plant.

The electrical engine preheater is a mechanism that allows you to warm up the car engine without launch.

Such a need arises in cold weather. The operation of the heater simplifies the subsequent launch. Sometimes this device is used to heat the cabin.

The principle of operation of the electrical preheater

In contrast to autonomous heaters, electric work directly from the 220 V network (from outlets in parkingons, in parking lots).

The heating element warms the coolant. The temperature distribution occurs when the warmed liquid rises upwards.

The device is automatically shut off when the specified temperature is reached, i.e. It can be left included in the parking lot overnight without hazard overheating.

Main characteristics

Popular models

The selection of the stamp of the heater is determined by its functional, economy, the presence of a suitable model depending on the brand of the machine. As well as price and positive reviews consumers.

Defa (Norway). The advantages of the model are simplicity of installation, the optimal ratio of performance, power consumption and price.

"Severst": ease of installation, variety of models for different enginesTested for years quality, low price.

Advantages and disadvantages of electrical preheater

• The ability to save fuel (compared to autonomous heaters powered by the fuel tank).
• Fire safety.
• Easy to use.
• Compactness, ease. Unlike autonomous heaters, which weigh up to ten kilograms and more, the most bulky models of electrical heaters are about one kilogram. Small dimensions simplify the installation.

Note!

The main deficiencies, compared with autonomous heaters, two: this is the need for the availability of a free outlet and electricity costs.

Installation of an electric preheater

For liquid system Cooling The heating element is put on the cylinder block.

1. From the cooling system, remove the plug.

2. On the nozzles of the heater to wear hoses.

3. Dry liquid.

4. Put the heater, fix.

Attention!

The heating element should be located at the bottom of the cooling system. Electric engine heater with pump can be installed anywhere.

5. Connect the sleeves.

6. Pour liquid.

7. Install a power outlet on the machine housing.

8. Connect the cables heater, control unit, connector, and other blocks, if any.

9. Make sure the system tightness and sufficient wiring isolation.

10. Connect to the network, check the performance of the system.

Cost

The price of the heater Defa depends on the power (1.4-5 kilowatt), technical features Models and ranges from 3.5 to 10 thousand rubles.

"Severrs" - from 3.5 to 7.5 thousand, also depends on productivity and model.

A device that allows you to prepare the engine to a light launch and fill the interior with warmth, is still considered an element of luxury. But it is really able to save health - both yours and the car.

The cold engine start - a heavy test for all its systems, comparable to several tens of mileage kilometers in not the most simple conditions. The driver and passengers also have to be disadvantaged: the frozen fingers do not keep the steering wheel, the cold from the seats gets almost to the spine, and the couples from breathing to frozen on the glasses. But how nice to sit in the salon, where there is almost indoor temperature, reset the shy movements of gloves, caps and scarves and do not wait until the injured glass is fattened ...

So living in the cold regions there is a reson to spend not on the leather interior and all sorts of frills, but on the preheater. Its installation allows not only to extend the life of the engine, but also save fuel, which cold Engine Consumes where it is more willing.

Liquid heaters: golosuem for autonomy

Perhaps the most common can be considered autonomous liquid heaters. In essence, this is a stove working on gasoline or diesel. The pump shakes fuel from the tank into the combustion chamber where the fuel-air mixture is prepared. It is set on fire from a hot ceramic pin, which, unlike metallic, to achieve operating temperature Quite a small current, which saves battery charge.

The heater warms the liquid from the car cooling system, pumping antifreeze through its heat exchanger. The heat is transmitted to the engine and the standard stove radiator. When the liquid heats up to about + 30 ° C, the cabin fan is turned on.

As soon as the temperature reaches the desired value (more than 70 ° C), the heater goes to the "half" mode, and then to the standby mode, leaving the device to clean the combustion chamber, the liquid pump and the fan of the standard heating system. When the temperature of the coolant is dropped at about 20 ° C, the cycle is repeated.

The system has both the summer mode when the air in the cabin is blown from time to time with a fan. The air conditioner is not activated - to reduce the temperature at least to the "fear" manner and without his participation.

Turns on heater different ways. The easiest and affordable - timer in the cabin, which can be programmed the time of inclusion and duration of work. It is convenient if you regularly go to the same time. Variable graph is preferable to remote control. Radiopult acts within a radius of approximately one kilometer, if urban development does not interfere. It allows you to turn on-turn off the heater or program it. The most advanced solution is a GSM module that controls the stove through commands from a mobile phone. Theoretically, you can include heating from any point of the planet, if only you and the car were in the network coverage area.

In Russia, the most popular devices of two German brands - Webasto and Eberspacher. They produce models for cars of different types and engine volume, as well as offer a wide selection of ways to start the heater and control them. There are also Russian counterparts, for example, the Samara "Teplostar", which is two times cheaper than "Germans" and is also issued in various modifications.

Heat battery: stock heat

Officially, this device is called a thermal battery. In fact, it is a large thermos in which the liquid is the same volume as in the cooling system. While the engine works, the fluid in the thermos is constantly updated, supporting the supply of "boiling water". Before starting, a separate pump changes cold and hot antifreeze plates. From the thermos for 10-15 seconds, the fluid is fed into the cooling system, and the motor is quickly warmed - you can start. Warm air immediately begins to the salon.

The main thing in the operation of such devices is the regularity of travel. It is believed that with a moderate Moscow winter, it will warm the heat in the "thermos" about three days, but with a lot of cold, it is desirable to resume the supply of "boiling water" every day.

For the first time, the thermal battery suggested a constructor Oscar Shatz in Canada, the first models of the "thermos" appeared there under the CENTAUR brand, which is still considered the leader to this day. However, the palm of the championship challenges and domestic manufacturers. In Russia, there are own successful developments, among which the Madi Autoplus Madi brand is particularly known. Also in our market products brand "Avtoterm" are promoted.

Electric heater: in search of outlet

Another popular solution is suggested by a home boiler. What is easier - to build the heater into the cooling system, of course, complying with the rules of fire safety. Actually, the simplest electrical heater, the connectors of which are usually displayed on the front bumper and are connected to a conventional outlet.

But for the full comfort of the base kit, perhaps is not enough. The logical addition will be a separate heating module with a fan, heating the interior before the completion of a regular stove. Another necessary element is a device for recharging the battery - in the cold time it will not be superfluous. And if you turn on-off the system on the frost you are not with your hands, you can install a separate module with a timer or a remote control kit. True, price complete set It differs from the initial "boiler" at times. We, as well as in Europe, distributed products of the Norwegian brand DEFA, which is recognized as a model in this segment. There are both Russian counterparts, for example, under the Severst brand.

Only without amazing!

Folk technical thought in cold Russia constantly looking for ways to start the engine into severe frosts. The fancy inventions based on the soldering lamp, wire spirals and other subframes were born. Some handicraft products of unknown firm even flashed on semi-faceted car markets. What is the electric spiral, which is inserted instead of the design of the "designers" oil affection And connects to the battery. Not only is the oil has a low thermal conductivity and warm it, the "planting" frozen battery, the case is low-prospective. There is a fire or short circuit near the fire. So it is better not to look for light and cheap paths. No matter how much to revive the frozen iron friend, preference should be given only to verified certified products.