Razrabotano Open Joint-Stock Company "Firm for adjustment, improving the technology and operation of power plants and networks of OrGRES", Uraltehenergo JSC, Niigigiennes. F.F. Erisman

ANDallocates BUT.IN. Orlov, YU.B.. Pogolotsky, M..P. Rogankov (JSC "Firm Orgres"), BUT.TO. KoDustov, IN.AND. Polianova, IN.L.. Schulman (Uraltehenergo), R.FROM. GilDenskold (Nihigienn them. F.F. Erisman)

FROMobelo With the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection (Letter from 10.06.98 No. 05-19 / 30-84)

FROMrock actions

from 01 .09 .98 g.. by 01 .09 .2003 g..

The instruction defines the procedure and methodology for the development of pollutant emission standards into the atmosphere for valid, reconstructed, under construction and designed TPPs and boiler houses of any power in the electric power industry.

The instruction is intended for TPP and boiler houses, production energy facilities, design and other electric power industry organizations regardless of the ownership.

With the exit of this instruction, the "sectoral instruction on the rationing of harmful emissions into the atmosphere for thermal power plants and boilers: RD 34.02.303-91" (Sverdlovsk, 1991).

1. Basic principles of emission rationing in power engineering

1.1. The rationing of electric power plants and boiler houses (hereinafter referred to as the TPP) is made in accordance with unified national regulatory requirements, taking into account the specifics of energy production, its life-supporting function and is aimed at ensuring the maximum possible prevention of air pollution.

1.2. The main regulatory documents constituting the methodological basis for the rationalization of TPP emissions are laws on the protection of the natural environment, state standards, instructive and methodological materials of the State Committee for the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, industry regulatory documents.

1.3. The purpose of the rationing of TPP emissions is to limit the adverse effects of TPPs on the air pool by:

developments for the entire TPP and each source of emissions on it extremely permissible emissions (PDV) - control (in grams per second) and annual (in tons per year), ensuring compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards;

establishing schedules to achieve the level of PDV; The timing of the achievement of PDV standards cannot be established arbitrarily and are determined by the proposals of energy enterprises, the informed technological and economic possibilities of the TPP;

establishments if necessary for the TPP and each source of emissions on it temporarily agreed emissions (VV) - control (in grams per second) and annual (in tons per year);

installing technological (specific) emission standards for each boiler installation.

1.4. Emission standards are revised at least once every five years. The period for which they are developed is called the normalized period or the prospect.

1.5. The PDV standards are set for any of the enterprises (the existing constructed, projected, expandable, reconstructed).

NVI standards can only be installed for the existing enterprise.

1.6. The maximum permissible emissions into the atmosphere are established uniform at the normalized period and for subsequent years when the power of emission sources, energy production technology, work modes, type and quality of fuel used, confirmed by TPPs. The basis for tightening PDV cannot serve a change in the background pollution of the air basin (without the contribution of the TPP).

1.7. The NVI standards are established for each year of the normalized period and must comply with the most complete and efficient use of environmental equipment installed on the TPP, compliance with the energy production technology, reduce the emission of pollutants in accordance with the plan of measures to achieve PDV, which is part of Project of emission standards.

the formation of the material promotion system of TPP staff for compliance with the established standards;

developing an ecological passport TPP;

conducting production control of emissions;

informing the state supervision bodies.

1.10. Criteria when determining PDV serve:

1.10.1. The permissible contribution of the TPP into air pollution (TPP influence zones) established by the local government of the State Committee for the Russian Federation on the basis of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution or (in the absence of relevant data) is determined by the estimated path in the draft standards of PDA in dependencies (see clause 6.3).

1.10.2. Sanitary and hygienic standards of atmospheric air quality:

the maximum one-time extremely permissible concentration of substances in the surface layer of air - PDC M.R (mg / m 3), which is used in determining the control standards of PDV (g / s);

the sum of the toxic action of a number of pollutants in a certain combination of them, providing for these substances to their total permissible relative concentration in the surface layer not higher than the coefficient of combined action to the CD established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Currently, for the summation groups characteristic of TPP emissions, KD \u003d 1.

1.10.3. Technological (or specific) emission standards (G / NM 3) for newly produced boilers, including those supplied complete with dusty equipment, which are installed in accordance with and are provided by both the manufacturer and the TPP.

1.10.4. Technological emission standards for existing boilers, which are developed and installed by energy consumption for each active boiler, is cumulatively associated with environmental equipment on the basis of measurements and calculations. They fix the limit level of emissions of pollutants at various modes of boiler operation (in the operating range of loads, when burning different species Fuel and mixtures thereof). Technological standards of emissions set in the form of specific indicators [g / nm 3; g / t (in terms of conditional fuel); kg / (kWh); kg / gkal] correspond to equipment features (at this state) to limit polluting emissions, which are provided with the optimal mode of its operation.

1.11. For TPPs, which have not been determined for the TPP, and the project documentation has not been developed, the draft standards of the PDV should develop emission standards only for existing sources of allocation and emissions, considering them the relevant environmental activities. At the same time, the project is characterized by the prospects for the development of the TPP.

1.12. The calculation of the control standards of emissions (g / s) and the development of the respective air-operating measures are carried out on the basis of the planned maximum performance of the TPP equipment (taking into account the planned repairs, conclusions to the reserve) in order to ensure the possibility of the most full use Installed energy facilities.

Excess control emissions (total per year) for no more than 1% of the annual time is not considered as a violation of ecological discipline.

1.13. Annual emission standards (T / year) are calculated by the planned load and the structure of fuel consumption and can be adjusted by the end of the period by the actual values \u200b\u200bof the specified indicators.

Exceeding the annual emission standards associated with an increase (compared to the planned) of the actual load of the TPP is not considered as a utmost emission, subject to use in the past period of all envisaged environmental measures, compliance with technological standards of emissions, as well as emission standards in grams per second.

1.14. In cases where emissions from pipes defined at the maximum flow rate of the most pollutant fuel on the boiler group, they are connected to them, more emissions from pipes defined at the maximum flow rate of such fuel on the TPP as a whole, the pipe standards are accepted by fuel consumption, maximum pipes . At the same time, the standards for the TPP as a whole will be less than the amount of pipe standards.

1.15. For TPP under construction, compliance with PDV standards must be provided by the time of acceptance of them.

1.16. For under construction and expandable TPPs, in addition to the final limit standards of PDV, calculated for the design composition and design mode of the equipment, intermediate standards may also be established, which correspond to the individual stages of the TPP development, which is reflected in the project documentation. Intermediate standards stepwise increase accordingly, respectively, the increase in the power of the TPP, reaching with the output of the TPP on the design capacity of the final value that does not exceed the PDV.

1.17. The development of the draft standards of PDV is carried out by the TPP independently or with the involvement of a specialized unit of AO-Energo, as well as on behalf of the TPP of a specialized organization that has a license for the development of standards for the maximum permissible emissions of pollutants into atmospheric air issued by the State Committee of the Russian Federation or its regional authority 1.

1 Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation with a letter from 30.10.92 No. 54-7-01 / 14 recommended to involve the development of PDV projects JSC ORGRES, Uraltehenergo, Sibtehenergo, DallightHenergo, Wti, Sibvti.

2. Normal emissions and emission sources

2.1. The rationing is subject to emissions of pollutants contained in flue gases:

nitrogen dioxide;

nitrogen oxide;

sulfur dioxide;

solid fuel ash;

tPP fuel oil ash;

carbon oxide;

say and benz pyrene (only for boilers with steam-performance less than 30 t / h).

If the listed pollutants create a calculated surface concentration in a residential building area of \u200b\u200b0.05 MPC and less (excluding the background), then they are normalized only in tons per year and their emissions are classified as PDV.

Emissions normed only in tons per year are not taken into account in the sum.

2.2. In addition, the rationing is subject to emissions of coal particles during the transshipment of fuel in stock and gorolling particles (dust) when removing dry ash on valid and spent gallowded. Dusting of coal stacks (if it leads to air pollution outside the industrial site), ash-spots with air pollution outside the sanitary and protective zone (SZZ) during static storage of the material is not allowed, the calculation of the standards of these emissions is not produced, they are considered ultra-dimensional.

2.3. Emissions of other pollutants contained in flue gases and emissions from other sources of basic and auxiliary workshops and production of thermal power plants in the development of the draft standards of PDV are not rationed and are not subject to control. The requirement of the local authority of the State Committee for the Russian Federation on the rationing of emissions of other pollutants and other sources of emissions should be agreed with the relevant management of the State Committee for the Russian Federation.

2.4. Emissions of all workshops and industries on the territory of the TPP promoter, administratively subordinate TPPs, are subject to consideration when developing a draft standards of PDV in the manner established by this Instruction. At the location of such workshops and industries, their emissions are subject to consideration in the general procedure established by the documents of the State Economics of the Russian Federation.

If there are workshops or production, administratively not subordinate TPPs in the TPP, then their emissions are not included in the TPP standards, and the procedure for their accounting and rationing is consistent with the territorial body of the State Economics of the Russian Federation.

2.5. Before clarifying the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, permissible PDC levels for the ash of coal used in the energy sector, MP MR depends on the content of silicon dioxide and varies in the range from 0.15 (SiO 2\u003e 70%) to 0.5 mg / m 3 (SiO 2< 20 %) . Для золы с повышенным содержанием оксида кальция (35 - 40 %) при содержании частиц до 0,3 мкм в общей массе золы не менее 97 % ПДК м.р равно 0,05 мг/м 3 .

2.6. For pollutants, according to which only the average daily PDC S.S., the conditional permissible maximum one-time surface concentration is determined according to paragraph 8.1.

2.7. The rationing of emissions of the fuel oil ash is carried out according to the PDC M.R for this pollutant, determined in accordance with paragraph 2.6 of this Instruction and takes into account the content in the asset complex of various elements, each of which is separately non-rationing. The value of emissions is determined by the content of vanadium in ashes.

2.8. In cases due to the environmental situation, in coordination with the local authority of the State Economics of the Russian Federation, an evaluation of emissions of other pollutants from chimneys and other sources can be made. If their maximum calculated concentration in the residential zone will be more than 0.05PDK M.R without taking into account background pollution, they are normalized in grams per second and tons per year; If not more than 0.05 PDK M.R, then only in tons per year and in the amount are not taken into account.

2.9. Slip emissions into the atmosphere take place when cleaning the heating surfaces, in the starting and transient modes of the boilers.

Excess of volleune emissions over regulatory emissions:

taken into account in annual emission standards;

not taken into account in the control standards of emissions.

The project provides a calculated assessment of the impact of salval emissions to the atmospheric air (emissions in grams per second and surface maximum pollution in residential building), measures to reduce exceeding volleune emissions over the regulations are not envisaged.

2.10. Emergency emissions (associated with the use of emergency fuel, the non-planning disconnection of gas-ward and dust installations, etc.) are not normalized. The accounting of actual emergency emissions is organized for the past year, included in the annual reporting in form No. 2-TP (air). If necessary, activities are being developed to prevent them.

2.11. If fuel is burned on the TPP, the share of which in its annual fuel balance sheet is small, then emissions from this fuel may not be taken into account in the control (g / s) emission standards, and are counted only in annual standards.

The decision on this issue is taken by the local government of the State Committee for the Russian Federation on the basis of the materials provided by it on the Fuel Balance of the TPP.

2.12. The draft standards of PDV indicates emission sources with the designation of their location on the TPP scheme. The coordinates of the normalized sources are indicated in the city-wide coordinate system or in coordination with the local authority of the State Economics of the Russian Federation in the conditional or factory (established general plan of the TPP) of the coordinate system. In the latter case, the coordinates of the beginning of the conditional or factory coordinate system and the orientation of its axes are reported to this body. The coordinates of emission sources are indicated with an accuracy of 5 m.

2.13. The numbering of normed sources of emissions - through (united in the city) or (in agreement with the local authority of the State Committee of the Russian Federation) - station. In the event of the elimination of a separate source of emissions, its number is not assigned to any other, including the replacement of it.

3. Organization of works on the rationing of emissions of the TPP in the atmosphere

3.1. Emission rationing work is to prepare a draft emission standards containing proposals for PDV and emission limits, deadlines and ways to achieve standards, and in the statement of the project in the local government committee of the Russian Federation. The coordination of the project with the local sanitary and epidemiological supervisory authority is carried out at the request of the local authority of the State Economics of the Russian Federation.

3.2. The development of the project is carried out in the time limits defined by the local government of the State Committee for the Russian Federation.

3.3. The local government of the State Committee of the Russian Federation establishes the period for the preparation of the draft standards for the TPP, issues the TPP data on the permissible share contribution to the pollution of the atmosphere of the atmosphere, recommendations on the preparation of the draft emission standards, conducts an analysis of the draft standards to the statutes of the State Committee for the Russian Federation, the TPP comments and proposals for adjustment Project standards and approves it, also determines the procedure for revising standards.

3.4. Regional head office organization (for existing TPPs - usually AO-Energo) provides:

monitoring compliance with the timing of projects for emission standards;

development or provision of organizational and methodological assistance to the TPP in the development of projects, instrumental determination of the concentration of pollutants in flue gases, developing measures to ensure the proposed standards, facilitating and participating in the coordination of projects in local bodies of the State Economics of the Russian Federation and sanitary-epidemiological supervision.

3.5. Thermal power plant:

prepares the source data for the development of emission standards (Appendix 1) approved by the leadership of the TPP;

requests in the local government assembly of the Russian Federation data on the background contamination of atmospheric air, the climatic characteristics of the region, meteorological parameters and characteristics that determine the conditions for dispersion of emissions;

prepares the TPP card and situational map-diagram of the adjacent TPP area in accordance with;

receives in the local government committee of the Russian Federation data on the permissible contribution of the TPP into air pollution, as well as other recommendations for the preparation of the draft emission standards (standards for the preparation of standards; the numbering of emission sources - through or station; coordinate system is citywide, conditional or factory; the values \u200b\u200bof the estimated background and etc.);

directly performs work on the preparation of the draft emission standards (independently or with the involvement of specialized organizations) in accordance with and, as well as on the adjustment of standards;

all costs associated with the development of a draft emission standards, its expertise, coordination, approval.

Regardless of who is the developer of the draft standards for PDV emissions (TPP, a head office organization or a third-party organization at the contract basis, which has an appropriate license), the TPP directly represents the draft emission standards for approval to the local authorities of the Russian Federation, ensures its recycling in accordance with the received Comments and recommendations (with the participation of the organization - the developer of the draft standards) is responsible for the validity and timeliness of the preparation and adjustment of the draft standards.

3.6. Organization - Project Developer of Standards:

conducts an inventory of emission sources (if it was not fulfilled earlier);

makes calculating the maximum and annual emissions and contamination of the atmosphere under the most unfavorable indicators of the initial period and on the perspective;

evaluates the value and the ability to achieve PDV;

develops a set of measures to reduce TPP emissions to the PDV level and in the form of a plan schedule, their implementation coordinates it with TPP;

evaluates the possible time to achieve PDV, gives an expert assessment of the costs of their achievement;

participates in conjunction with the TPP in coordinating issues that have arisen during the project development;

draws up a draft emission standards and transfers its TPP;

takes part in the refinement of the draft standards for the comments of the local authority of the State Committee of the Russian Federation.

3.7. The implementation of the draft standards of PDV in accordance with the comments and suggestions of local bodies of the State Economics of the Russian Federation and sanitary-epidemiological surveillance is carried out by:

submission of clarifications to these bodies with the rationale for decisions given in the draft, the expediency of their change and clarification for each point of comments;

making changes and corrections in previously submitted on the approval of the project materials or transmission of the TPP of additional materials as a separate application, which will be considered as an integral part of the project.

3.8. When designing a new TPP, expansion, the reconstruction of the current TPP, the PDV proposals are developed by the project organization, are an integral part of the project at all design stages and are subject to approval together with the project.

3.9. When the composition of the equipment, the mode of operation, the quality of the fuel used, the established PDV standards may be revised by the local government of the State Committee for the Russian Federation before the expiration of their action on the submission of TPPs.

4. Determination of pollutant emissions in the initial period

4.1. For calculations for the initial period according to the last 3-4 years, directly preceding the year of developing a draft emission standards, the largest maximum and annual TPP loads with the fuel balance structure, the quality of the fuel used, closest to these indicators to the normalized period. With a substantial change in the operation of the TPP, from the first year of the normalized period, the specified year is accepted as the basic in assessing the effectiveness of the intended air protection measures.

4.2. When determining emissions (maximum and annual) are accepted:

the actual quality of each type of fuel used on the TPP (, respectively, the worst and average annual);

mid-speed (per year) The degree of purification of flue gases.

4.3. The maximum release of each pollutant from the chimney and in general, the TPP is determined by the highest average hourly load on the basis of the actual mode of operation of individual boilers during the maximum period of the total load of the boilers connected to the pipe, and the TPP.

4.4. In some cases, when used on TPPs of various types of fuel, as well as a type of fuel of various quality, it is possible to incur in the time of the maximum load modes of the TPP and the maximum costs of the most polluting fuels.

In these cases, the maximum emission of each pollutant for both modes is determined to estimate the ecological regime of operation of the TPP. Based on the comparison of the obtained data, the maximum emission of a pollutant is determined, which can not coincide with the maximum emission of other pollutants.

4.5. Additionally, the maximum emission of pollutants with flue gases for summer time with the average outdoor air temperature of the hottest month of the year is calculated (data is necessary for local government bodies of the Russian Federation to calculate the air pool pollution).

4.6. Emission parameters for each chimney pipe (flue gases, excess air, the concentration of pollutants) are defined as the weighted average characteristics of the flue gases entering this pipe from individual boilers.

4.7. Emissions from the chimney of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide, solid fuel ash are determined according to the instrumental measurements of concentrations of pollutants in flue gases carried out on this TPP during scheduled control and planned testing of equipment. For the same type of equipment in similar operating conditions, it is allowed to use measurement data on a single boiler and one gold-caloring unit.

4.8. The calculated methods are encouraged to determine the emissions of sulfur dioxide, fuel oil (based on the amount and quality of the fuel used), soot, benz (a) of the pyrene, emissions from the coal warehouse when transshipment of fuel and with an ash recovery when removing dry ash.

4.9. Emissions from pipes are determined by, and. Emissions from fuel transshipment and excavation of ash are recommended to determine software and.

4.10. Emission definitions in the initial period should be preceded by emission inventory.

4.10.1. When carrying out an inventory, sect should be guided. 2 and 4-standing instructions and.

4.10.2. When inventory, data on the availability of emission sources and excretion, gas integrity and maximum emissions are given at the end of the year preceding the inventory. Annual indicators are given on the basis of this year.

4.10.3. The inventory results are presented in form and in volume according to. If the inventory is performed in a single complex with the rationing of emissions, then a separate inventory document is not compiled. All the necessary inventory data should be contained in the draft PDA standards in the form of an application.

5. Determination of TPP emissions for the normalized period and for subsequent years

5.1. Emissions of pollutants with flue gases TPPs at the normalized period and subsequent years are calculated with regard to:

existing planned tasks for heat and electrical production;

the outlined fuel consumption and structure of it;

planned maximum and annual loads of individual boilers or their groups;

the developed TPP development (reconstruction of the existing equipment, input of new capacities), plans of air-circuit events.

5.2. In the case of the simultaneous use of various fuels, the calculation of maximum emissions is performed with the structure of the fuel combined most unfavorable for this substance.

5.3. If the equipment reconstructs are not planned, changes in the maximum load, equipment composition and structure of the TPP fuel balance, then the maximum emission of each pollutant is taken equal to the emission of the original period with the correction to implement the intended air protection measures.

5.4. The effectiveness of the event is taken into account in that year, by the beginning of which it is completed.

5.5. When determining the emission of the pollutant, the concentration of the substance in the flue gases is accepted:

for equipment scheduled for installation on the TPP instead of existing or when expanding and reconstructing the TPP, - the maximum guaranteed manufacturer and technical Conditions for the supply not exceeding the specific emission standards;

for reconstructed equipment - by initial actual concentration, taking into account the intended effectiveness of the planned activities;

for the maintenance of equipment - according to the instrumental measurements and the calculations of the original period.

5.6. To estimate the ash emissions of the active TPP, the actual value of the degree of catching the ash of the original period is used, taking into account the estimated measures to increase the efficiency of the aspirates.

For under construction and designed TPP, the value of the operational degree of catching ash? E is accepted based on the degree of capture? M, adopted according to tests of the best design and technical analogues and best practices. At the same time, the operational degree of catching ash for electrostatic precipitors is determined for the project load mode with the disconnection of one field:

E \u003d 1 - (1 -? M) (n - 1) / n,

where n is the number of electrical stream fields (project).

For wet and inert dry lords

E \u003d? M - 0.01.

5.7. When calculating the normalized period, emission values \u200b\u200bare determined for each year. If by the end of the normalized period, the PDV ratio is not achieved, then the next 5-5 years of emissions are determined with the interval of 4-5 years.

5.8. In cases where there are no planned tasks for reserve fuel consumption for the projected TPP, it is advisable to take the ratio of basic and backup fuels for the designated TPP, taking into account the established actual structure of the fuel consumption of existing TPPs of similar purpose in the region.

6. Evaluation of the polluting effects of TPP emissions on the air pool condition

6.1. The project of standards is an assessment of the effect of the TPP on the state of the air basin at the initial period and at the PDV level, which includes the following data:

pollutants entering the atmosphere with thermal gases of TPPs;

maximum surface concentration of TPP emissions and the distribution of ejected pollutants as a result of their dispersion within the estimated rectangle;

volley emissions;

changes in air pollution emissions of TPPs in accordance with the planned development and implementation of air protection measures.

6.2. The main method of evaluating the degree of contamination of atmospheric air emissions of the TPP is compared with it (excluding the background) of the maximum surface concentration of substances in the residential building and the permissible contribution of the TPP into the air pool pollution.

6.3. If the allowable contribution is not set as the local authority of the State Economics of the Russian Federation, then:

for existing TPPs based on the calculations of the dispersion at the initial period are determined consistently: background without tested emissions of TPP with "F, background to perspective with" FP and permissible contribution

With extra \u003d PDC - with "FP;

for the designed and under construction under construction, based on the calculations of the dispersion during the initial period are determined consistently: the background without taking into account emissions of all current electric power enterprises in the area of \u200b\u200binfluence of the future TPP with "F, the background to the prospect of" FP and a permissible contribution

With extra \u003d PDC - with "FP.

At the same time, permissible contribution relates to the future TPP in combination with the external power-based electric power enterprises from among those taken into account in the initial period.

If the background is set to a single value, then it is substituted into the formula to determine with "F, and compliance with the amount is checked by calculating the dispersion without taking into account the background. If the background is set on posts, then defined with" F and C "FP for each post. In this The case with extras turns out to be differentiated over the entire calculated rectangle and compliance with its compliance with the fulfillment of the dependence C + C "FP? 1 Based on calculating the dispersion, taking into account the promising background with "FP. At the same time, if the background on posts is also specified according to Rumbam, then with a manual calculation with" F in the post in a formula for calculation is substituted with f corresponding to a dangerous wind direction defined in the calculation Source period for the location point of the post.

6.4. In coordination with the local government assembly of the Russian Federation, with the substantiation of social significance to the region's production and heat generation region, the permissible contribution of the TPP can be increased relative to the primary or defined or defined in paragraph 6.3 of this Instruction. At the same time, compliance with technological standards of emissions is necessary.

6.5. The pollutant effect of the TPP is estimated according to the results of the calculation of the dissipation of the maximum power supply of the TPP, which is performed according to the fact that:

6.5.1. The calculation is made:

from all sources of PPP emissions specified in PP. 2.1 - 2.4, with the definition of the contribution to the pollution created by each source at the point of maximum concentration;

within the estimated rectangle, which includes a residential building, on which the estimated surface concentration of the pollutant from the Emission of TPPs is not less than 0.1 PDK M.R;

with an average outdoor air temperature of the cold month; With an average outdoor temperature of 13 hours of the hottest month, if the winter and summer maximum emissions of TPP differ in less than 10%.

6.5.2. Emissions of TPPs that create a maximum estimated surface concentration of less than 0.1 PDK MR, in the group of summation do not turn on, the allowable contribution is installed without taking into account the background.

6.6. The draft standards for emissions of PDV emissions include the following calculations of the dispersion of power plants into the atmosphere:

6.6.1. For existing TPPs:

at the level of maximum emissions of the original period (excluding the background);

at the level of the proposed PDV standards (without or taking into account the promising background - see clause 6.3 of this Instruction);

at the intermediate levels of the normalized period (only the calculation of the maximum contamination in the residential zone without taking into account the background).

6.6.2. For designed and under construction under construction, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 1.3:

for the design composition and design mode of the TPP;

for each stage of development of the TPP (respectively, the input of queues).

6.7. When evaluating the pollution of the pool of solid fuel heated fuel, it should be borne in mind that the background contamination of the dust, asked by the local authority of the State Committee for the Russian Federation, is characterized by dust of the non-differated in composition with the MPC \u003d 0.5 mg / m 3. Therefore, the pollution of the air basin of the ashes of the TPP is estimated by two:

as dust with the characteristic value of the MPC, associated with the increased content of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide, if the background contamination of dust and the amount with other types of dust are not taken into account;

like dust undifferentiated in composition with PDC \u003d 0.5 mg / m 3, when taking into account the background and the summation with other types of dust, which are also accepted with PDC \u003d 0.5 mg / m 3.

6.8. To calculate the dispersion of the power supply of thermal power plants in the atmosphere, programs for computers adopted by the Goscomecology of the Russian Federation are used.

7. Development of proposals for PDVs for existing TPPs

7.1. The project of emission standards for the atmosphere determines the level and the possible time to achieve the control standard PDV (g / s) separately for each pollutant.

7.2. For the current, reconstructed TPP, the PDV controller (g / s) is established at the level that excludes the excess of the permissible contribution of the TPP into the pollution of atmospheric air.

7.3. The maximum permissible release of each individual contaminant of the group of the summation is established in accordance with the technological capabilities and the economically appropriate degree of impact on the emissions of one or another pollutant of the group of the summation, which takes place exceeding the allowable contamination. In the absence of the necessary information, to identify the optimal differentiated decrease in emissions of individual pollutants, the same degree of decrease in emissions of all pollutants in the summation group is allowed.

7.4. By comparing the values \u200b\u200bof the PDV of the pollutant defined for each group of the amount, into which the pollutant considered simultaneously includes, the smallest of the obtained values \u200b\u200bis released, which is accepted as the PDV standard for this substance.

7.5. Annual PDV (T / year) standard for each pollutant is calculated on the basis of:

planned annual consumption of various types of fuel;

constant during the year of the implementation of all aircraft measures used at the maximum load of the TPP to ensure control standards (with the exception of particularly agreed activities of short-term use);

the values \u200b\u200bof the concentration of pollutants in flue gases defined for the planned average annual loads of the boilers when working on each of the separated fuel and fuel mixtures.

7.7. Control and annual emission standards are set with rounding towards the overestimation of no more than 2.5%.

7.8. Proposals for the deadlines to achieve PDV standards are developed in the project, taking into account:

the amount of necessary measures to exit the level of PDV;

material, financial and technical capabilities of TPP and contracting and repair organizations;

the timing of the mass production of boiler and gas cleaning equipment, corresponding to its characteristics by regulatory requirements for specific emissions of pollutants, as well as possible terms of equipment supply to this TPP;

states of the scientific and technical base of the development of specific ways to limit pollutant emissions on existing equipment;

ensuring planned tasks for the production of thermal and electrical energy to the perspective.

In exceptional cases, when justifying the impossibility of determining the deadline for achieving PDV, it is allowed not to be installed. At the same time, the TPP is required at the next revision of the standards to return to the definition of the term.

7.9. We consider and substantiate proposals for the restriction of capacity and the period of further operation of the TPP with the definition of substituting power sources for the existing TPPs:

with boiler equipment that has developed a resource when reconstructive work on boilers is economically inappropriate;

where the placement of gas cleaning equipment (necessary to achieve PDV standards) is impossible by layout conditions;

where the reasonable replacement of low chimneys (with a height of 40-120 m) is higher, necessary to comply with the permissible contribution to the contamination of atmospheric air, is impossible due to structural and layout circumstances.

8. Development of emission reduction activities and provision of installed standards for existing TPPs

8.1. Developed activities must comply with modern technically feasible and economically appropriate methods of reducing emissions, the conditions for energy supply areas and should not lead to a decrease in equipment reliability.

8.2. These activities included in the draft emission standards and the deadlines for their implementation should be provided with financial, material and technical resources, design materials necessary for the possibilities of contract construction and assembly organizations.

8.3. The effectiveness of emission reduction methods is estimated on the basis of the well-known experience of using them in the industry, taking into account the characteristics of specific equipment (design, state, fuel, operation and maintenance modes). Evaluation of the degree of environmentally friendly measures to reduce emissions in comparison with the advanced scientific and technical level in the country and abroad.

The draft standards indicates the appropriate decrease in emissions for each individual event.

8.4. Event Reduction activities are developed taking into account work on an increase in the level of operation (reduction of excess air in the furnace to the normative level due to the sealing chamber; ensuring the identity of the operation modes of individual burners; preventing the laying and drift of the boiler heating surfaces; timely turning on surface cleaning systems; translation electrostatic precipitars in the mode of periodic regeneration of electrodes; operation of gold plants in accordance with the requirements of the current PTEs; timely adjustment and repair of aspants, etc.).

8.5. When choosing ways to reduce contamination of the atmosphere of emissions of active TPPs, a wide range of events of various character (applications 3 and 4) should be considered and the most appropriate in all parameters and actually executable are selected.

8.6. Included in the draft standards of PD-schedule of aircraft measures may be further adjusted by the TPP in coordination with the local authority of the State Economics of the Russian Federation.

8.7. With a long time to achieve the level of PDV (outside the normalized period), there is allowed to include in the plan-schedule of air-cooling measures of several alternative measures, unequivocal in efficiency, with recognition of the TPP of the right to choose in the future final decisions.

9. Determination of PDV standards for reconstructed, expandable, constructed and designed TPPs

9.1. The development of PDA standards for the indicated TPP Group is based on coordinated by environmental expertise, government agencies, local authorities, justification of energy consumption growth and the corresponding power of expandable or newly created TPPs, solutions for the selection of the site for new construction, the structure of the fuel balance.

9.2. The main way to ensure the environmental safety of the indicated TPP group is equipping them with modern boiler and gas-friendly equipment, which is appropriate for specific emissions with regulatory requirements. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the feasibility and possibility of using such new technological processes and equipment of energy production and related industries as the gasification of solid fuel at the production site, hydrotransport with the burning of water-organic suspensions, averaging of the quality and enrichment of coal, deep desulfurization of fuel oil on refinery, expansion gas turbines on gas-gas TPPs, steam-gas plants with a boiler-utilizer.

9.3. For the designed and undergoing TPPs, as well as for the expandable part of the TPP, the PDV ratio (control, g / s, and annual, T / g) corresponds to the calculated value of pollutant emissions taking into account the design maximum and annual fuel expenses, the design mode of operation and the specific emissions of pollutants Substances defined by the State Standard. Based on the specified value of the PDV control standards, the height of chimneys is determined.

9.4. For under construction or expandable TPP, a permissible equity contribution is determined by the local government of the State Committee for the Russian Federation, together with local governments and the general proceedler, based on the need to create a specific environmental reserve (ecological niche) for the safe functioning of newly introduced energy facilities, taking into account the real possibility of reducing background pollution relative to the original period.

9.5. As a closing characteristic of the TPP, which ensures the permissible level of air pollution, the power of the energy enterprise (thermal, electric) is considered, the value of which can be limited to environmental reasons (if the possibilities considered above will be exhausted above and improving the conditions for dispersion of TPP emissions and other sources existing in this area industrial emissions).

9.6. The standards of PDV expandable TPP provide provision of existing and persistent in the further equipment calculated for it for a permissible share contribution to air pollution regardless of the newly administered equipment.

9.7. For the TPP Group under consideration, the PDV controller (g / s) is set at a level that excludes the excess of the permissible contribution of the TPP.

9.8. The provisions of PP are distributed on the TPP group. 7.5 - 7.7.

10. Technological emission standards

10.1. Technological (specific) emission standards are set for each boiler. The associated environmental equipment is cumulatively associated with it. Technological standards define:

specific emission of pollutants for each boiler at rated loads and various types of fuel burned (subject to the requirements of the mode map), which characterizes the degree of environmental perfection of equipment and its operation. These standards are expressed by the concentration of pollutant in a unit of flue gases (mg / nm 3) in terms of? \u003d 1.4 (o 2 \u003d 6%) or emissions per unit of conditional fuel (kg / t), unit of generated energy [kg / (kW? H), kg / gkal], unit made by fuel in heat furnace (g / mj ).

10.2. Technological emission standards are for:

monitoring the status and level of operation of environmental equipment;

identifying the conditions for the material promotion of operational and repair personnel;

development of PDV standards, emission limits and determine how to ensure them.

10.3. In the rationing system of emissions into the atmosphere for thermal power plants, technological standards are an auxiliary indicator used to calculate and substantiate PDV standards.

For newly installed boilers on existing and designed TPP, technological emission standards must comply with the specific emissions set by GOST.

Technological emission standards for existing TPP equipment are an internal TPP standard, approved by the leadership of the TPP, their violation is not a basis for sanctions against the TPP on the part of controlling organizations.

10.4. Technological emission standards for boiler installations are entered as mandatory for operational personnel and are included in the boiler regime cards, gas target installations. At the same time, instructions (or additions to current instructions) are developed, providing specific recommendations and indication of operational personnel to ensure technological emission standards.

10.5. Technological emission standards for existing equipment are developed on the basis of direct measurements of the composition of flue gases (NO X, CO, ash solid fuel) and the calculated emission determination (SO 2, fuel oil ash in terms of vanadium). These standards are revised after overhaul The boiler and the associated environmental equipment, after the reconstruction of the boiler, when changing the quality and type of fuel used.

11. Issues of the organization of control of emissions and compliance with emission standards

11.1. The organization of control of normed emissions (G / C) into the atmosphere at the TPP is determined by the relevant inter-sectoral and sectoral regulations for the organization of systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere in the industries ,.

11.2. The draft emission standards reflects the specific procedure for controlling emissions on this TPP. The project also indicates TPP officials responsible for compliance with emission control.

11.3. The data control of TPP emissions and periodic measurements are recorded in the journal of emission accounting and measurement journal and are also entered into an environmental passport of the enterprise.

11.4. Emission control in grams per second is organized by the TPP in general, for each chimney. Control of specific emissions is organized for each boiler installation or by group of same type installations.

11.5. In the projects of reconstruction, expansion, the construction of new TPPs, not only the equipment of the new equipment should be envisaged to determine the content of a pollutant in flue gases, flue gases, but also an automated system for controlling and regulating energy emissions in general, individual power units, boilers.

11.6. The volume of emissions control does not include directly determining the composition of atmospheric air in the TPP zone by the power of the energy enterprise. At the discretion of local environmental organs with separate major TPPs, which are the main pollutants of the adjoining zone of the air basin, can be assigned to a contractual basis for servicing air controls installed and equipped with environmental organizations. Conducting periodic, single measurements of the composition of atmospheric air in the TPP zone by mobile laboratories is impractical.

11.7. Emission control is organized with all the boiler operation modes, including extracts and transition modes, if there are automatic gas analyzers and crushers. In their absence, measurements are carried out periodically at maximum workloads, the volleak emissions are estimated by the calculated path.

11.8. Control of specific emissions (volume, frequency, accounting) is determined by the management of the TPP and the coordination with the state economies of the Russian Federation is not subject to the introduction of national documents regulating such control.

12. Emission regulation system with adverse meteorological conditions (NMU)

12.1. Upon admission from the local government assessment of the Russian Federation, warning on the occurrence of the first, second or third regime of NMU TPP should reduce the normalized emissions into the atmosphere for the entire NMU period according to the Special Plan of Events for the NMU period, which is an integral part of the draft standards of PDV.

12.2. In accordance with this plan to reduce emissions, the following methods of their restriction are applied (regardless of the impact on the cost of boiler):

reduction of the load of the TPP (by permission to ODU);

redistribution of the load between boilers with an increase in the loading of equipment with the lowest separation of pollutants, as well as having the most favorable dispersion conditions;

reduction of excess air to the lower limit of modes;

maximum use of unlocking fuels (natural gas, low-sized fuel oil);

lowering the temperature of the network water (by resolving the local administration);

water injection in torch;

exception of work on cleaning the convective surfaces of the boiler heating;

increase water consumption on irrigation of venturi pipes to the upper limit of regime cards;

lowering the temperature of the purified gases at the entrance to the electrostatic filters (disconnecting the PVD, spraying water in the gas duct, the additive of cold air);

restriction of transshipment work on the fuel warehouse and the golden.

12.3. For substances, the emissions of which are not created on the border of the SPZ or in residential building pollution more than 0.1PDK M.R, measures are not developed.

12.4. In accordance with the recommendations and during the operation of the TPP in the first mode, the NMU is carried out mainly by the event of organizational and technical procedures unchanged technological process and the load of the TPP (strengthening the control of technological discipline, the mode of operation of equipment and means of control, elimination of cleaning surfaces of boilers, etc.). These activities make it possible to eliminate increased emissions and reduce emissions by 5 - 10%. In the second and third modes, the NMU provides a change in the technological process in the fireboxes of boilers, gas cleaning systems, the restructuring of the structure of fuel consumption, a reduction in the load (thermal, electrical) TPP (see clause 12.2). For the specified NMU modes, the decrease in the Emission of the TPP can be 10 - 20 and 20-25%, respectively.

12.5. The project of emission standards is estimated to change emissions for each individual planned event and indicates a guaranteed total effect for each NMU mode, which may be less than the amount of the effects of individual events (taking into account the specific possibilities of their implementation in the NMU period).

12.6. Control of emissions (g / s) in the NMU period (in the absence of automatic controls) in accordance with it is carried out once a day by estimating emissions by the methods provided for by monthly control. The scattering is not made.

13. Establishment of the SZZ size

13.1. In determining the size of the SPZ, the TPP should be guided by the main general industry regulatory and technical documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the State Economics of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation ,,,,.

13.2. The sanitary protection zone of the TPP is designed to protect the population from unorganized sources of dust and gases on the industrial complex - an open coal warehouse, railway transport, fusolasting, coil preparations, as well as from the loss of large ash fractions from the torch of flue gases.

The minimum sizes of the SPZ provided are:

for TPP with a capacity of 600 MW and above - 1000 m during the placement of the residential village of power engineers in a limited territory (with the obligatory provision of hygienic standards of air pollution from the main emission from chimneys);

for CHP and regional boiler capacity of 200 gkal / h and higher on gas-gas fuel - 500 m;

for boiler rooms less power with a height of pipes less than 15 m - at least 100 m, more than 15 m - about 300 m, if the acoustic calculation in the design solutions does not require an additional increase in the size of the SZZ;

for the golden - 500 m;

for sewage treatment plants - see Appendix 5.

13.3. SPZ configuration - sector, i.e. From the boundaries of the TPP promoter in the direction of the borders of the residential building of the settlements according to the scheme shown in Appendix 6.

13.4. In the conditions of the current development, when complying with the size of the minimum SZZ in accordance with the previously active norms and the absence of the possibility of expanding the SZZ to the required planning techniques, the solution to the problem is achieved by a decrease in emissions to the established standards.

13.5. In accordance with this section, the sizes of SPZ are determined that satisfy the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the TPP. In the event that the SZZ TPP is imposed on the territory of other industrial enterprises or on their SZZ, the border of the SZZ TPP may be further adjusted; This adjustment is carried out outside the framework of the development of PAV standards.

13.6. The arrangement and gardening of the SPZ is provided for by a separate project that is not an integral part of the draft standards of PDV.

14. Registration of the draft emission standards. The composition and structure of the project

parameters f "pr, g. PR and S (? 0.5,? S.Z) by formulas in order to determine the category of the enterprise, in accordance with which the volume and content of the draft emission standards are established;

the sums of maximum surface concentrations created by each of the sources of power outputs of the TPP, with adding the maximum background g J.In accordance with which the need for calculating the total contamination of the atmosphere for each substance is established.

14.3. The project should not include materials that are not related to the competence of the enterprise (a detailed analysis of the ecological situation in the city, meteorological conditions, city-wide measures to reduce air pollution).

14.4. Tables 3.1 - 3.10 from, as well as 10.1, 10.2 and 11.1 from are included in projects, taking into account the specifics of the TPP in the form presented in Appendix 2 of this Instruction.

14.5. As applications in draft standards include:

tables of source data (see Appendix 1);

calculation of PDV values \u200b\u200bif they are not achieved during the initial period;

calculations of the dissipation of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere with thermal gases of TPPs in accordance with clause 6.5 of this Instruction;

inventory materials (if its results were not approved earlier);

copies of documents defining source information on background pollution.

14.6. The printout of dispersion calculations on a computer is included in the draft standards in the form of a separate application.

All printouts of the calculation results are given in MPC units.

14.7. An additional graphic processing of the results of the calculation on the computer is not (in particular, the construction of manually isolating an equal concentration on the situational plan is not performed). If there is no topology in the applied software program, for the analysis of materials obtained on a computer, it is attached to the TRACK TRACK project on the scale of the concentration distribution field (within the estimated rectangle).

14.8. When revising emission standards, carried out at least five years, new emission rationing proposals are made depending on the volume of processed material or in the form of proposals for adjusting emission standards that become an integral part of the previously developed draft emission standards, or in the form of a re-prepared project emission standards that replaces the previous project. Adjustment proposals include only those sections from the changes provided to which changes are made.

Attachment 1

Restimed

List of source data for the development of draft emission standards

1. Head organization for the development of PDV (address, phone numbers, surnames of officials).

2. Project organization, supervising TPPs (address, phone numbers, surname of the leading specialist).

3. Map diagram of the city, indicating the position of the site of the TPP, ash vehicles, fuel warehouses, residential arrays. For large GRES - Map diagram of the adjacent area within a radius of up to 25 km.

4. The TPP Situation Plan with the sources of emissions and the SPZ during its presence.

5. Coordinates of emission sources in the city-wide coordinate system or the consent of the head organization to calculate the dispersion in the factory or conditional coordinate system.

6. Climatic conditions (average temperature of outdoor air per month, speed and direction of wind), maximum wind speed with a repeatability of 5%, amendment on the terrain, a district stratification coefficient.

7. The population of the city and individual settlements In the zone of exposure to the emissions of the TPP, the area of \u200b\u200bthe city territory.

8. Admissible contribution or data on the background pollution of the air basin in the TPP area during the initial period. Recommendations of the headquarters for the summation of the toxic effects of thermal power plants and background.

9. Installed electric and thermal power of thermal power plants, consumer characteristics, type of heat released, seasonal and daily load fluctuations. Availability of plans for expansion of thermal power plants, reconstruction, dismantling, equipment replacement (approved timing, volume). The possibility of replacing the power of this energy enterprise.

10. Boiler equipment TPP (type, nominal and disposable performance, operational reconstruction, type of burner devices), type of slag adlation, the presence of flue gas recycling system, the discharge place of flue gases.

11. Connection diagram of boilers to smoke trumpets.

12. Parameters of emission sources (height, mouth diameter, the number of trunks, the connection scheme to individual stems).

13. The structure of the fuel balance of the TPP (data for the last 3 to 4 years and for months).

14. The estimated structure of the fuel balance at the normalized period and to the perspective.

15. Characteristics of consumed fuels (ash, sulfurness, calorieness, humidity) over the past 3 - 4 years and on the perspective (for fuel oil, also the content of vanadium, for coal and peat - nitrogen content).

16. Summer system (design of devices, operation modes, test data). Maximum and medium-efficient degree of capture, alkalinity of irrigated water.

17. The state of the golden. Conduct work on conservation and reclamation. Data on the dust of the golden.

18. Annual fuel consumption (total and each type of fuel separately) In general, the TPPs, according to individual boilers for the last 3 - 4 years and the corresponding average annual loads.

19. Maximum short-term TPP load (duration for more than 1 hour) during the periods of the winter and summer maximum. Relevant fuel expenditures. Distribution of loads, fuel consumption (separately for each type of fuel) for individual boilers during periods of maximum load of the TPP.

20. Maximum possible load for each boiler over the past 3 to 4 years, relevant fuel expenditures.

21. Mode of operation of boilers, excess air from the furnace and for the smoke, the temperature of the outgoing gases, the time of operation and the time of finding in the reserve, the combustion method of various types of fuel (joint, separate) for maximum short-term load, with the average annual load, as well as The actual load of the boiler during the maximum short-term load of the TPP. The content of flammable in the undurance, heat loss with mechanical and chemical incompleteness of combustion, the proportion of ash in the undertaking.

22. The estimated change in equipment load, modes of operation and fuel consumption at the normalized period.

23. Data of direct changes in the concentration of pollutants in flue gases conducted earlier, indicating the mode of operation of the equipment during measurements.

24. Reporting data for 2-TP (air) for the previous year with an application (calculation of emissions indicating the correction coefficients included in the calculated formulas).

25. Methods, frequency and duration of cleaning surfaces of boiler heating. The approximate value of volley emissions into the atmosphere when the heating surface cleaning systems are turned on.

26. Control of environmental pollution emissions of TPPs, direct measurements of air pollution in the TPP zone (responsible organization controlling; frequency; measurement methods; person responsible for compliance with emission control).

27. The prescriptions of sanitary bodies and other controlled organizations to reduce air pollution over the past five years. Events on their implementation.

28. Available materials on the effects of TPP emissions with particularly unfavorable meteors (the receipt of warning signals on the occurrence of particularly unfavorable conditions, the availability of an action plan for a short-term reduction in polluting emissions into the atmosphere, the implementation of them).

29. The available plans for a decrease in emissions to the atmosphere (availability of reconstruction projects, approval of them, plans for registering work, intended efficiency, capital costs).

Some of the above source data is presented in the form of Table. P1.1 - p1.5.

T.aBRITSE P1.1

H.acriterism of boilers TPP

P rimechania : 1. in c. 2 indicates the appointment of the boiler (water heating, steam).

2. In gr. 7 It is indicated by the type of burner (straight-seeing, vortex, flat-brake, with an open ambrazury, etc.), installation of burners (wall, subsidence, frontal, angular), number of burner tiers.

T.aBRITSE P1.2

H.acriterity installations for flue gas cleaning

P rometer . In c. 8 - 10 indicates indicators according to the latest tests.

T.aBRITSE P1.3

Rashort of fuel at TPPs during the initial period

P rimechania : 1. Data is given over the past three years. 2. When burning one type of fuel, fuel consumption is indicated in tons of natural fuel.

T.aBRITSE P1.4

H.acriterity of fuel used on TPP

P rimechania: 1. Data is given over the past three years. 2. Fuel characteristics - calorie content, ash, sulfur.

T.aBRITSE P1.5

T.exchange Economic Indicators TPP

P rimechania: 1. In gr. 4 - data over the past three years; c. 5 - data for the year, which produces a draft emission standards; c. 6 - data for each year of the normalized period; c. 7 - data for 5-5 years after the end of the normalized period with an interval of 4-5 years. 2. In pos. 4 and 8 - consumption for all types of fuel separately both with separate combustion and when burning in the mixture. 3. Additionally, indicate changes and their timing into the actual, expected and normalized periods in boiler and gas-friendly equipment, consumed fuel, flue pipes.

Appendix 2.

ABOUTfelt

Forms of tables included in the draft emission standards

The numbering of the tables is the same as in and. Double numbering means union in the requirements table and (in brackets - Numbering software).

T.aBRITSE 3 .1 (7.1 )

Pthe tank of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere

P rimechania: 1. Pollutants in the table rows are given in ascending order of codes. After transferring individual pollutants, groups of combined pollutants are given. 2. In gr. 5 provides inventory data or data defined as source.

T.aBRITSE 3 .2

Pheine of sources of volley emissions

P rometer. This table is filled if volley emissions are not taken into account in Table. 3.3 (10.1).

T.aBRITSE 3 .3 (10.1 )

Parameters of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere to calculate PDV

Prodolenia tables 3.3 (10.1 )

ABOUTcard tables 3.3 (10.1 )

P rimechania: 1. And - the initial period (year adopted as a starting period); P - perspective, PDV level. If the parameter is the same, it fits into the gr. 1 - 27 once. 2. The table includes the maximum data at the maximum load of the TPP in the winter and summer periods. 3. In gr. 34 Make emissions for each normalized year. If in any years the emission is the same, then these years are represented by one graph.

T.aBRITSE 3 .4

M.etoreological characteristics and coefficients that determine the conditions for dispersing pollutants in the atmosphere

T.aBRITSE (7.2 )

Rresults of calculating the criteria for pre-assessing the impact of emissions to pollution of the surface layer of atmospheric air of the adjacent residential building

P rimechania: 1. Pollutants in the table rows are given in ascending order of codes. 2. After transferring individual pollutants, groups of the combined effects of pollutants are given.

T.aBRITSE 3 .5 (10.2 )

H.the accuracy of surface pollution and a list of sources giving the highest contributions to the level of pollution of the atmosphere *

* The table is compiled for the initial period.

T.aBRITSE 3 .6 (9.1 )

N.ormatic emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere *

T.aBRITSE 3 .7

PlAN activities to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere in order to achieve PDV standards

P rimechania: 1. In gr. 1 is indicated, on which equipment an event is carried out. 2. In gr. 5 At the end of the table, the total values \u200b\u200bare given. 3. In gr. 7 - 10 At the end of the table, the total values \u200b\u200bfor each polluting substance are given.

T.aBRITSE 3 .8 (11.1 )

M.events to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during periods of NMU

P rimechania: 1. The table is filled in for the first year of the normalized period. If necessary, changes are made in subsequent years. 2. The sources of discharge and emissions and those pollutants on which the emission is reduced are included. 3. In gr. 14 indicate control standards of emissions.

T.aBRITSE 3 .9 (11.1 )

H.acriterism of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during periods of NMU

P rimechania: 1. In gr. 3 indicate the control standards of emissions. 2. In gr. 5 It is indicated which% of the contribution is the emissions of a particular source of emissions from the amount of emissions of all sources in general by the TPP. 3. In gr. 8, 11 and 14 The effectiveness of each subsequent mode includes the effectiveness of the previous mode. 4. In the strings "Total TPP" are filled with gr. 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 14. 5. The table is filled in for the first year of the normalized period. If necessary, changes are made in subsequent years.

T.aBRITSE (12.1 )

Parameters of defining emission sources category to control emission standards

T.aBRITSE 3 .10

Plan-schedule of compliance with emission standards

P rometer. The table is filled in for the first year of the normalized period. If necessary, changes are made in subsequent years.

Appendix 3.

Restimed

Events to reduce the contamination of the atmosphere, funded in charge of emissions fees

1 . Generalization events.

Translation of TPP on combustion of environmentally less dangerous fuel.

Reducing the specific fuel consumption for electricity and heat leave.

The introduction of new types of gas population installations and new ways to clean flue gases.

The introduction of new methods of burning fuel (boilers with a boiling layer, GTU).

Translation of CHP in boiler room mode, work of urban TPPs on thermal graphics.

Disassembling boilers with a high yield of pollutants and low-efficient ashors and the installation of boilers with a reduced output of pollutants and highly efficient ashors.

The use of heat accumulating systems in order to reduce maximum loads.

Installation of flue pipes of increased height in cases where available technological and organizational and technical measures cannot be ensured by a permissible level of pollution.

2 . Installations by gold.

2.1. Electrofiltra. Replacing electrodes for more efficient. Installation of additional fields.

The introduction of a system of effective distribution of flue gases in the cross section of the electrostilifer.

The introduction of the periodic shaking of the electrodes. Air conditioning flue gases.

Installation of alternating, impulse and other new types of power supplies.

Introduction of an effective system for removing ash from electrostilifer bins.

2.2. Wet ashors.

The introduction of intensive irrigation regime of Venturi pipes. Replacing horizontal pipes Venturi vertical. The introduction of increased spraying of water by nozzles of Venturi pipes.

2.3. Dry inertia ashors.

The introduction of gas recirculation system in the zuclear.

3 . Installations for cleaning flue gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides.

Construction of installations on existing TPPs.

All measures to improve the efficiency of installations.

4 . Technological measures to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides implemented on boilers.

4.1. Gas-powered boilers.

Translation into small excess air.

The recycling of flue gases.

Step air supply.

Step fuel supply.

The use of stroke burners.

Moisture injection in the furnace.

Entering additives in the furnace or fuel.

Burning a waterproof emulsion.

High-temperature heated fuel oil.

Lowering the temperature of the blowing air.

4.2. Dust carbon boilers.

Step air supply.

Step fuel supply.

The use of burners with an adjustable share of primary air.

Translation from liquid to solid slag adoration.

Use of burners with slow motion formation.

The combustion system of high-concentrated fuel aerosmes (PVC).

Preheating coal dust.

The transition from the vortex to the direct-flow burners with an angular tangential location.

Optimization speed \u200b\u200bregime Work burners.

Optimization of the input of the drying agent.

The use of burners with a reduced nitrogen oxide output.

Appendix 4.

List of aircraft electric power facilities 1

1 Extract from the application to the letter of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation No. 04-14 / 35-4142 "On coordination of a list of environmental protection facilities".

2.8. Installation of electrostatic filters.

Installation includes: Electrofilter technological equipment (precipitating and coronizing electrodes, shaking mechanisms of electrodes, etc.), electrical equipment (equipment of the conversion substation with control shields and the system of kipia), the electrostatic strip body, ash hoppers with levels of levels of bunkers, hoppers Vibrating agents or aeriving devices, diffuser and confusion, thermal insulation of the electrostatic precipitate body, oilstocks, flue gas conditioning system, electrical heating system, building structures (platforms, supports, pedestal, etc.), electrical filter building and converter substation, ventilation and system Heating buildings.

2.9. Installation of "wet" inertia ashors.

Installation includes: Coagulators of Venturi, centrifugal scrubber, transitional gas engine, water irrigation system (gravel filter, pressure tank, pipelines with reinforcement), construction structures (pedestal, service platforms, etc.), kipia system.

When applying devices with increased flow Water on the coagulatives of Venturi to the installation includes a device for heating outgoing gases.

2.10. Installing "dry" inertia ashors.

Installation includes: technological equipment (body, cyclone elements, pipe boards, bunkers), building structures (supports, maintenance sites), thermal insulation, kipia system.

When using BCR-150 devices, the installation additionally includes: smoke, recycling gas supplies and cyclone.

2.11. Installing sleeve filters.

Installation includes: body, filter elements, pipe boards, bunkers, shaking systems or blowing filter elements, building structures, thermal insulation, kipia system.

When installing filters in a separate building, the installation includes: the filter building, the system of its heating and ventilation.

2.12. Installing emulsifiers.

Installation includes: body, cassettes with a set of emulsifying elements, water collector with distribution sockets, drip-trap, building structures, leatting system of outgoing gases, kipia system.

2.13. Installing flue gas cleaning equipment from sulfur oxides.

Wet limestone (lime). Installation includes: gas ducts, heating device of peeled gases, absorber with splashing, circulating collections of irrigating solution, discharge device of reagent, silo (warehouse) reagent, dispensers, mills, tanks-collections of solution, thickeners, centrifuges (vacuum filters), transporting devices Gypsum, silos (warehouse) of plaster, pumps, fans, smokers, pipelines with locking and adjusting reinforcement, buildings, cleaning assembly and wastewater neutralization assembly, including waste collection tank, reagent tanks, clarifier, styling, filter press, purified tank, Pumps, pipelines with reinforcement, ACS systems of TP and kipia (the composition of the equipment equipment can be changed in accordance with a specific project solution).

Spray absorption. Installation includes: gas ducts, absorber with spraying device, compressor installation, silo (warehouse) of reagent, irrigator preparation tank, dosage tank, sleeve or electrostatic precipitator for cleaning gases from reaction products, system of pneumatic, silo (warehouse) reaction products, transporting devices , Pumps, pipelines with shut-off and regulatory reinforcement, ACS systems TP, kipia.

2.14. Installations for cleaning gases from nitrogen oxides.

The installation includes: a unloading device of a liquid ammonia, an evaporator, an ammonia mixer with air, an ammonia injection device into a gas duct, a catalyst, pumps, pipelines with shut-off and regulating reinforcement, TP and kipia ACS systems.

2.15. Technological measures to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides in boilers.

Burners of a special design.

Step fuel burning. Due to the absence of typical solutions, additional elements necessary to implement stepped fuel burning are determined in each case in the project. They may include: air ducts, special nozzles for supplying air to the furnace, special gas burners, pipelines for supplying natural gas.

PVC system.

The PVC system is under vacuum. The installation includes: steam ejector for dust transport, steam supply pipelines.

PVC system - under pressure. Installation includes: dust transport blower, air ducts.

The recycling of flue gases. Installation includes: flimosos of recycling, gas ducts.

Input in the furnace of moisture and other additives. Installation includes: pumps, pipelines, nozzles for entering water or other additives in the furnace.

2.16. Translation of boilers for incineration of more environmentally friendly fuels (gas, small-sized and minor coal, etc.) boilers with a "boiling" layer.

2.17. Systems for controlling emissions of pollutants of thermal power plants.

The system includes: ash emission control devices, sulfur and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, automated atmospheric pollution systems.

Appendix 5.

Sizes SPZ for sewage treatment plants

P rimechania: 1. For sewage treatment facilities with a capacity of more than 200 thousand m 3 / day, as well as during the retreat from the accepted wastewater treatment technologies and the processing of the SPZ sediment, it should be established by decision of the State Committee for the Russian Federation.

2. For filtering fields with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 0.5 hectares, the irrigation fields of a communal type of up to 1.0 hectares, the structures of mechanical and biological wastewater treatment with a capacity of up to 50 m 3 / day SUCZ should be taken in size 200 m.

3. For underpassing fields of bandwidth up to 15 m 3 / day, the SPZ should be taken in size 50 m.

4. The SPZ table is allowed to increase in the case of a residential building from a leeward side with respect to the treatment facilities, taking into account the real aeroslometric situation, in coordination with the State Committee for State Committee.

5. Sanitary breaks from the buildings of sewage pumping stations should be taken on the basis of calculating performance:

a) up to 50,000 m 3 / day - 20 m;

b) more than 50,000 m 3 / day - 30 m;

c) up to 200 m 3 / day - 15 m.

Appendix 6.

Configuration of the SCZ of the Industrial Enterprise 1

FROMhem placement SZZ:

A - territory of the industrial enterprise; B - sanitary and protective zone of the industrial enterprise; In - residential territory; R - protective zone of agricultural or forest land; D - territory of agricultural land;

1 - source of production emissions into the atmosphere; 2 - a break from the source of production emissions to the border of the residential territory; 3 - gap from the source of production emissions to the border of agricultural or forest land; 4 - the boundary of the zone of contamination, within which the surface concentration of pollutants exceeds the MPC values \u200b\u200bfor settlements; 5 - the boundary of the zone of pollution, within which the surface concentration of pollutants exceeds the allowable norms for agricultural or forest land; 6 - Width of the SPZ of the Industrial Enterprise

List of used literature

1. The USSR law on the protection of atmospheric air, 1980.

2. The Law of the RSFSR on the protection of the environment, 1991.

3. GOST 17.2.1.02-78. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions harmful substances Industrial enterprises.

4. RD 50-210-80. Methodical instructions for the implementation of GOST 17.2.3.02-78. The protection of the atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises. - M.: Publishing House Standards, 1981.

5. GOST 17.1.03-84. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Terms and definitions of control of pollution.

6. OND-1-84. Instructions on the procedure for consideration, coordination and examination of air protection measures and issuing permits for emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for design solutions. - M: Hydrometeoisdat, 1984.

7. OND-86. State committee. Methods for calculating the concentration in the atmospheric air of harmful substances contained in emissions of enterprises. - L.: Hydrometeoizdat, 1987.

8. Instructions for the rationing of emissions (discharges) of pollutants into the atmosphere and in water bodies. - M.: Goskomprirod of the USSR, 1989.

9. Regulations on the regulation of emissions into the atmosphere during adverse meteorological conditions on thermal power plants and boiler rooms: RD 153-34.0-02.314-98. - M.: 1998.

11. List and codes of substances polluting atmospheric air. St. Petersburg: Petersburg-XXIVek, 1995.

12. Methods for determining gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from boiler plants TPP: RD 34.02.305-98. - M.: VTI, 1998.

13. Collection of techniques to determine the concentrations of pollutants in industrial emissions. - L.: Hydrometeoizdat, 1987.

14. Collection of methods for calculating emissions into the atmosphere of pollutants by various production. - L.: Hydrometeoisdat, 1986.

15. List methodical documents By calculating emissions of pollutants into atmospheric air operating in 1996 - St. Petersburg: Niiat Mosfer, 1996.

16. Letter of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of 10.03.94 No. 27-2-15 / 73. Instructive letter on the rationing, control and payment of emissions of pollutants on thermal power plants and boiler rooms.

17. Emission sources control manual. - L.: Hydrometeoisdat, 1991.

18. Methods of calculated definition of benz emissions (a) pyrene in the atmosphere from heat power plates: RTM VTI 02.003-88. - M.: Wti, 1988.

19. Rules for the organization of control of emissions into the atmosphere on thermal power plants and in boiler rooms: RD 153-34.0-02.306-96. - M.: SPO OrGRES, 1998.

20. GOST R 50831-95. Installation boiler rooms. Heat-mechanical part. General.

21. Guidelines for the design of the SPZ of industrial enterprises. - M.: Tsniein Urban Planning, 1984.

22. A letter to Niigigien. F.F. Erisman from 03.12.76 No. 026/115.

23. Letter of the main geophysical observatory. A.N. Waikova from 19.01.82 № AD-1/366.

24. Methodological manual for calculating emissions from unorganized sources in the building materials industry. - Novorossiysk: NGO SoyuzStromecology, 1989.

25. Instructions for inventory of emissions into the atmosphere of pollutants of thermal power plants and boiler rooms: RD 153-34.0-02: 313-98. - M: 1998.

26. Recommendations on the main issues of air) (rationing of emissions, the establishment of PDV standards, control over compliance with emission standards, issuing an emission permit). - M.: Ministry of Protection of the Russian Federation, 1995.

27. Industry Methodology for calculating the number of exhaust, caught and ejected to the atmosphere of harmful substances by enterprises for the extraction and processing of coal. - Perm: MINYGLEKROW USSR, 1988.

28. Sanpin № 2.2.1 / 2.1.1-567-96. Sanitary zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects.

29. SNiP 2.07.01-89. Urban planning. Planning and building of urban and rural settlements.

30. Sanpin 2.1.6.575-96. Hygienic requirements for the protection of atmospheric air of settlements.

31. Sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises CH 245-71. - M.: Stroyzdat, 1972.

1. Basic principles for rationing emissions in power engineering. one 2. Normal emissions and emission sources. four 3. Organization of work on the rationing of power plants in the atmosphere. five 4. Determination of emissions of pollutants during the initial period. 7. 5. Determining TPP emissions for the normalized period and for subsequent years .. 8 6. Evaluation of the polluting effects of TPP emissions on the state of the air basin. nine 7. Development of proposals for PDV for existing TPPs .. 11 8. Development of measures to reduce emissions and provision of established standards for existing TPPs .. 12 9. Determination of PDV standards for reconstructed, expandable, constructed and projected TPPs .. 13 10. Technological standards of emissions. fourteen 11. Issues of organizing emissions control and compliance with emission standards. fourteen 12. Emission regulation system with adverse meteorological conditions (NMU) 15 13. Establishing the size of the SPZ. sixteen 14. Registration of the draft emission standards. The composition and structure of the project. 17. By 2020, in Europe, carbon dioxide emissions in new cars should be reduced to 95 g / km. Automakers of other continents will also strive to such indicators. Currently, the emission rate is 130 g / km. The normative level of CO 2 emissions depends on the cutting mass and calculated for each vehicle according to the formula: CO 2 \u003d 130 + A * (M-M-0), where M is the mass of the car in the currency in kilograms, m 0 \u003d 1372 kg, and \u003d 0,0457. In 2016, M 0 will be revised. It is important to know that each manufacturer receives an indicator of the average level of emissions of the entire range of cars, not a separate instance. This is not just a norm: for her violation, the company should pay fines, and considerable. For each vehicle produced, CO 2 emissions exceed the average set level, 5 euros are paid at exceeding 1 g / km, 15 euros - for exceeding 2 g / km, 25 euros - 3 g / km, and after exceeding 4 g / km Each gram costs the manufacturer at 95 euros. Since 2019, everything will be more stricter - every gram of exceeding the norm will cost 95 euros! But besides the whip there is a gingerbread. Each manufacturer can get a bonus if you cut the ejected carbon dioxide to 7 g / km. True, subject to the application of innovative technologies on vehicles manufactured. As an example, we took four cars, three of which are stacked in the current norm: 1.4, power - 150 hp, average fuel consumption - 5.0 l / 100 km; CO 2 - 116 g / km emissions Renault Logan. 1.6, power - 102 hp, average fuel consumption - 7.1 l / 100 km; CO 2 - 167 g / km emissions Mercedes-Benz C-Class 1.6, power - 156 hp, average fuel consumption - 5.5 l / 100 km; CO 2 - 126 g / km emissions Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid, Power - 333 hp, Middle Fuel consumption - 3.4 l / 100 km; CO 2 - 79 g / km emissions; electricity consumption - 20.8 kW / h / 100 km; Efficiency class: a + Note that the most powerful Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid at the same time easily overcomes the future barrier on emission standards. What is this - a breakthrough in automotive technologies or the debris of automakers? Both. You see, fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are measured on cross-country drums according to a specific technique. And why not on the road, would it be honest so honest? Now it is impossible, and that is a number of reasons. The first is the comparability of the results, they should neither the influence of weather conditions, nor the state of the road, nor other factors that can distort the result. The second important reason is the collection of exhaust gases for analysis. Collect them when the car is moving, difficult. Therefore, tests are carried out on cross-country drums, imitating real road conditions. Today, three methods of determining fuel consumption are most common in the world: European NEDC, American FTP-75 and Japanese JC 08. They differ in many parameters. The longest and speed - American. Japanese is characterized by the smallest average speed - only 24.4 km / h. This is due to the imitation of significant downtime on traffic lights. The European most sluggish is the maximum acceleration does not exceed 0.83 m / s 2. But they have both in common: all three techniques are far from the real cycle of the movement of the machine, so automobile companies We learned to adapt to them. Weak link Consider the European NEDC to assess car fuel consumption full mass up to 3500 kg. Duration duration - only 1220 seconds. During this time, it is imitated by the urban (speed is limited to 50 km / h) and the country modes of movement with maximum speed up to 120 km / h At the same time, the specified speed should be developed for a certain time. For example, in order to accelerate in the urban cycle of up to 50 km / h, it is necessary to spend 26 seconds. If you are real life For so long you will accelerate from the traffic light, you will start signal, and aggressive drivers will continue and show a bad gesture. Now it becomes clear why for the overclocking of modern small tramples you have to push the accelerator pedal almost in the floor. When the processor corresponds to everything in cars for everything, and the volume of incoming and processed information is calculated by megabytes, the test of the test becomes the writing of the joint and transmission algorithm. And it does not matter that the consumer does not like the behavior of the car in the city cycle, and real flow Fuel will not coincide with the claimed. The test passed, consumption and emissions comply with the standards. What emissions will show the car on the autobah, when it exceeds the speed of measurements in the test, no one interests anyone. Everyone knows that much more, but the rules are observed, it means everything is in order. Example from life. When the car "Moskvich-2141" was preparing for the release in 1986, measurements were performed on fuel consumption on running drums. He was not very good. It was necessary to reduce it a little. The engine does not touch, the more it was made at another factory. Therefore, we decided to experiment with the main transmission: the lower the gear ratio with the similar mode of movement, the lower the fuel consumption. Changed main gear, instead of the gear ratio of 4.1, they set 3.9. The desired flow numbers reached, and buyers received a car with a weak dynamics. But the garage masters were well enriched, because the shed radio was very quickly spread that for little money it was possible to make a dynamic hatchback from the ticker. Calibration At the beginning of the article, we led to the example of Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid with an average consumption of 3.4 l / 100 km and CO 2,79 g / km emissions. Do you believe it? Me not. For comparison, take the usual Porsche Cayenne with a gasoline engine with a capacity of 300 hp Its average consumption is declared at 9.2 l / 100 km, and CO 2 - 215 g / km emissions. The difference in consumption and emissions of CO 2 is almost three times. What is this - technology or imperfection of the NEDC test? Obviously, on the autobahn hybrid car It makes all its environmental friendliness, because the amount of emissions directly depends on fuel consumption. Think about new Ford Fiesta during a recent endurance marathon "60 hours" driving "had an average consumption of 16.8 liters per 100 km, and CO 2 emissions significantly exceeded the norm. And such a picture is almost every car. But it is expected that in 2017 the new WLTC measuring cycle (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedures) will enhance. This will not be a regional, but a global test. It is a series of cycles for cars with a full weight of up to 3,500 kg. But the ratio of the engine power to the curb mass of all cars is different, and this parameter greatly affects efficiency. Therefore, to make a test more realistic, all cars are divided into three classes in accordance with their energy-relatedness. Class 1 - 22 W / kg, class 2 - from 22 to 34 W / kg, and class 3 - more than 34 W / kg. Although this cycle is imperfect, it is at least more close to the realities. For example, acceleration during acceleration will be 1.58 m / s 2, and this is not a retired ride style. The legislators decided to change the rules of the game, and not just fixed them, but radically. In the remaining five years, automakers should not only adapt to a new measurement cycle, but also significantly reduce CO 2 emission rates. Will it succeed to them? We'll see. But in order to perform a carbon dioxide emission rate, the average consumption of the gasoline engine should be no higher than 4.1 liters, and for diesel - 3.6 l per 100 km. Deputies against engineers Such competition of lawmakers and engineers can only be welcomed. After all, do not be it who forced automakers to introduce first central, and then the immediate fuel injection in gasoline engines? Why did you need to raise the injection pressure in diesel engines up to 2500 bar, if not for tough ecoons? But together with automakers for clean air, motorists are paid. All fines and costs of automakers for improvement in one way or another will equally lie on our shoulders. In addition, cars are becoming more and more expensive every year. Consider the car without a scanner and the tester is almost impossible. And by 2020, most new cars are likely to be hybrids, because it is possible to reduce emissions by using the electrical machine. Perhaps, by 2030 disposable cars will appear with a service life of 3 years. Economically contain such a car wastefully, it is easier to buy a new one. But it is in Europe. We will always have lovers who of two, three and more cars will collect one and will ride. Finally, information for reflection. CO 2 emission norms for the same machines sold from us and in Europe will greatly differ. For example, give Skoda Octavia data. Euro-3, Euro-4, Euro-5 - every motorist on hearing these words. And what they mean, and where did they come from? In the past 1992, the European Union's countries have introduced the Euro-1 norm on their territory, which established the maximum permissible content of toxic substances in car exhaust gases. During each subsequent 4-5 years, the European Union tightened these norms. Deadlines for the introduction of euro standards Euro-1. Euro-2. Euro-3. Euro-4. Euro-5. Euro-6. Cars July 1992. January 1996. January 2000. January 2005. September 2009. September 2014. Trucks with a full weight of up to 3.5 tons October 1994. January 1998. January 2000. January 2005. September 2010. September 2015 (for diesel engines) Freight trucks with a total of 3.5 to 12 tons October 1994. January 1998. January 2001. January 2006. September 2010. September 2015 (for diesel engines) Trucks with a full mass of over 12t and buses 1992 1995 1999 2005 2008 2013 Motorcycles 2000 2004 2007 Mopeds 2000 2004 Emissions of pollutants are adjusted separately for passenger and light commercial vehicles for trucks and buses. Definition of categories of vehicles in euro countries Designation Description M. Vehicles that have at least four wheels intended for the transport of passengers. M1. Vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers with no more than eight seats, in addition to the driver's seat, with a maximum mass of no more than 3.5 tons M2. Vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers with more than eight seats, in addition to the driver's seat, with a maximum mass of no more than 5 tons M3. Vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers having more than eight seats, in addition to the driver's seat, with a maximum mass of more than 5 tons N. Cars with at least four wheels intended for the carriage of goods. N1. Vehicles intended for transportation of goods with a maximum mass of no more than 3.5 tons N2. Vehicles intended for the transport of goods with a maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons, but less than 12 tons N3 Vehicles intended for the transport of goods with a maximum mass of more than 12 tons O. Trailers (including semi-trailers) G. SUV. This symbol is applied only in combination with M or N Restrictions relate to the content of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and solid particles (soot). Diesels for trucks since 2000 (Euro-3) additionally pass the dachina test. Emission rates for passenger cars (Category M1) Stage date Co. HC. HC + NOX. Nox. PM. PN. g / km. # / Km. Diesel Euro 1. 1992.07 2.72 (3.16) – 0.97 (1.13) – 0.14 (0.18) – Euro 2, IDI 1996.01 1.0 – 0.7 – 0.08 – Euro 2, di 1996.01 1.0 – 0.9 – 0.10 – Euro 3. 2000.01 0.64 – 0.56 0.50 0.05 – EURO 4. 2005.01 0.50 – 0.30 0.25 0.025 – EURO 5A. 2009.09 0.50 – 0.23 0.18 0.005 – EURO 5B. 2011.09 0.50 – 0.23 0.18 0.005 6.0 × 10. EURO 6. 2014.09 0.50 – 0.17 0.08 0.005 6.0 × 10. Petrol Euro 1. 1992.07 2.72 (3.16) – 0.97 (1.13) – – – Euro 2. 1996.01 2.2 – 0.5 – – – Euro 3. 2000.01 2.30 0.20 – 0.15 – – EURO 4. 2005.01 1.0 0.10 – 0.08 – – EURO 5. 2009.09 1.0 0.10 – 0.06 0.005 (di) – EURO 6. 2014.09 1.0 0.10 – 0.06 0.005 (di) – IDI - Diesel with separated combustion chambersDi - direct injection engines The tightening of Euro-5 and Euro-6 standards mainly relate to diesel cars, significantly limiting the content of solid particle emissions (soot) and nitrogen oxides. Real emissions NOX more declared The study conducted by the International Council for Clean Transport (ICCT) in October 2014 showed that the real emissions of the modern diesel engines declared as relevant Euro-6 standards on average 7 times higher than these norms. This means that instead of 80 mg / km installed by the standard, new cars pollute the atmosphere on average 560 mg / km nitrogen oxides. 15 passenger cars participated in road tests different types (sedans, crossovers, universals, hatchbacks) of six automakers. Tested cars are equipped with various exhaust gas purification systems: selective catalytic recovery (SCR), recycling exhaust gases (EGR) or a catalytic neutralizer (LEAN NOX TRAP). Experts revealed significant differences between the level of emissions of different cars (see chart). This indicates that, despite the existence of effective exhaust cleaning technologies, they are not used all automakers. In the period from 2000 (Euro-3) before 2014 (Euro-6), NOX emission rates for diesel cars in the EU decreased by 85%. However, the real level of emissions during this period decreased only about 40%. Diesel cars make up more than 50% of all new cars in the European Union, being one of the main sources of pollution of nitrogen oxides. The European Commission is currently preparing an improved certification procedure for new vehicles, according to which, from 2017, automakers will be required, except laboratory, conduct real road tests using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). Many believe that standardization covers only some technical means, mechanisms, devices, interfaces, image files and video. And that EURO is some kind of requirements for the composition of this or other fuel. In fact, it is not. Euro is primarily an environmental standard that limits the composition of the exhaust gases of gasoline and diesel cars. Not even engines, but the cars themselves. This article on how the euro standard has developed, as the public views changed, how the environmental requirements have tightened and what it led all. History At first everyone diesel carsmobiles were large, smoky and stinky. I could not have any speech about any of their mass exploitation. The situation began to change at the turn of the 1970s, when technology reached the fact that they were able to create a compact diesel engine For a passenger car. It became clear that the main brake is the blast conviction that Diesel - "dirty" technology is suitable except for railways. Automakers needed to break this stereotype and give green light by a diesel passenger car. So in 1970, the European Union of Transport Means of Low Loading Light released the first standard for emissions of exhaust gases for passenger cars. The second standard was released only after 22 years, in 1992 and became known as Euro Euro Emission Standard. Euro-1. Let me remind you that the distant time was a serious struggle with Tetraethylswin, which was added to gasoline to increase it octane number. Such gasoline was called ethyl, and lead contained in the exhaust gases caused the most serious diseases of the nervous system. Studies conducted in the United States put an end to ethyl gasoline in the United States. In Europe, there were similar processes and in July 1992 the EC93 Directive was published, according to which the ethyl gasoline was banned. In addition, it was prescribed to reduce CO emissions (carbon monoxide) using the installation of a catalytic exhaust gas convex. The standard was called Euro-1. It was obligatory for all new cars since January 1993. Maximum emission standards: Euro-2. Euro 2 or EC96 was introduced in January 1996 and all cars produced since January 1997 were to meet the new standard. The main task of Euro 2 is the struggle for the reduction of unburned hydrocarbons in exhaust gases and an increase KPD engines. In addition, CO emissions and nitrogen compounds - NOX were tightened. The standard touched on both gasoline and diesel cars. Euro-3. Euro 3 or EC2000 was introduced in January 2000 and all cars issued from January 2001 should fully comply with it. Along with a further reduction in the limit norms, the time limited the time of warming the car engine. Euro-4. EURO 4 introduced in January 2005 referred to cars issued since January 2006 in this standard the emphasis was made to further reduce the harmful emissions from diesel engines - soot (solid particles) and nitrogen oxides. In order to comply with the standard, some diesel cars had to be equipped with a smbed filter. Euro-5. The standard was introduced in September 2009. The emphasis on it is made on diesel technology. Especially on solid particle emissions (soot). For compliance with the EURO-5 standard, the presence of the particulate filter in the exhaust system diesel car It becomes required. Euro-6. The latest standard introduced in September 2014 and mandatory for cars released since September 2015 in it in it of harmful substances are reduced by 67% compared with Euro 5. It is possible to achieve this, only with the use of special systems in the car exhaust system. So to neutralize nitrogen compounds requires urea injection in traffic fumes or SCR system, too expensive for small cars. Fuel It is clear that to ensure high ecological characteristics of vehicles, motor fuel It should also be worthwhile to be clearly clean, which is not beneficial to the owners of oil refinery. However, progress does not stand still and in 1996 the pan-European standard for diesel fuel was adopted - EN590. "Oil-Expo" - wholesale deliveries of diesel fuel in Moscow and the region. Normation in the field of environmental protection is carried out in order to state the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, guarantees the preservation of a favorable environment and ensuring environmental safety. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 19 of the Federal Law of January 10, 2002 No. 7-FZ "On Environmental Protection" (as amended by 25.06.2012) Regulation in the field of environmental protection is to establish environmental quality standards, standards for the permissible environmental impact in the exercise of economic and other activities, other standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection. One of the types of standards for the permissible impact established for nature users are standards of maximum allowable emissions (PDV). In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 14 of the Federal Law of 04.05.1999 No. 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" (as amended by 06/25/2012; Further - Federal Law No. 96-FZ) emissions of harmful (pollutants) substances into atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to) stationary The source is allowed on the basis of permission issued by the territorial body of the federal executive authority in the field of environmental protection, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, carrying out public administration in the field of environmental protection, in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that the approval of PDV standards and issuing emission permits are two different administrative procedures that require temporary costs. According to paragraph 10 of the administrative regulations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Management on the provision of a state service for issuing permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air (with the exception of radioactive substances) approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of July 25, 2011 No. 650 (hereinafter - Administrative regulations) in order to obtain permission to emissions in the territorial authority of the Rosprirodnadzor, it is necessary to apply to the application, including those approved in the prescribed manner and the current standards of PDV and temporarily agreed emissions (BPC) for each specific stationary source of emissions and a business entity as a whole ( Including its individual manufacturing territories) or in individual production areas. Thus, it can be concluded that if an enterprise has stationary (organized and unorganized) emission sources, it is obliged to get an emission permit. And to get this permission, the company can only on the basis of the approved PDV standards. Responsibilities legal entitieshaving stationary emissions are listed in Art. 30 Federal Law No. 96-FZ. One of these duties is to ensure the inventory of emissions and the development of PDV. PDV is established by the territorial bodies of the federal executive authority in the field of environmental protection for a particular stationary source of emissions and their aggregate (organization as a whole). According to paragraph 4 of Art. 12 of the Federal Law No. 96-FZ in case of the impossibility of compliance with legal entities, individual entrepreneurs who have sources of emissions, the territorial bodies of the federal executive body in the field of environmental protection can be established for such sources of VV in coordination with the territorial bodies of other federal executive bodies. Our dictionary. Maximum allowable emission(PDV) - the standard of extremely permissible emission, which is established for a stationary source of air pollution, taking into account the technical standards of emissions and background contamination of atmospheric air, provided that the source of hygienic and environmental standards for the quality of atmospheric air, the maximum permissible (critical) loads on environmental systems, other environmental standards. Temporary consistent release(VVB) - a temporary emission limit that is established for existing stationary emission sources, taking into account the quality of atmospheric air and the socio-economic conditions for the development of the relevant territory in order to phase out the established maximum permissible emission. Therefore, in order to find out if the enterprise is obliged to perform the duties established by Art. 30 of the Federal Law No. 96-FZ, it is necessary to determine whether the enterprises have emission sources that are stationary objects of negative impact. Paragraphs 3, 4 of the procedure for referring to the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of the State Accounting of Objects that have a negative impact on the environment (annex to the order of Rostechnadzor of 24.11.2005 No. 867) given the following definitions of inpatient and mobile objects of negative impact: stationary object of negative impact- the object from which the emission (reset) is carried out into the environment of pollutants, firmly associated with the Earth, i.e. The object, the movement of which is impossible without disproportionate damage to its purpose, the object of placing waste production and consumption, as well as an explosion; mobile objects of negative impact — vehicles, air, sea ships, internal dressing vespers, equipped with gasoline engines, diesel fuel, kerosene, liquefied (compressed) petroleum or natural gas. To date, the state accounting of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who have sources of emissions, and the amount and composition of emissions (hereinafter referred to as state registration) is carried out by Rosprirodnadzor in accordance with the procedure for state accounting of legal entities, individual entrepreneurs who have sources of emissions of harmful (pollutants) substances in atmospheric The air, as well as the amount and composition of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated October 26, 2011 No. 863 (hereinafter referred to as the accounting procedure). It should be noted that in the order of accounting there are no definitions of mobile and stationary sources of emissions. At the same time in sub. B "Clause 7 Account Procedure lists information (data) on emission sources that must be specified when setting on state accounting. Thus, when viewing information about a mobile emission source must be specified: type of mobile emissions (aviation transport, water transport, railway transport, automobile transport); registration number mobile source; ecological class of vehicle; the view and consumption of fuel (by type) by a mobile source (aviation transport, water transport, railway transport, road transport). Thus, the main criterion for determining the mobile object to date is the work on a certain form of fuel, and the calculation of the fees for emissions of mobile objects is made by volume of the fuel used. Mobile sources of emissions include various vehicles. Mobile installations used in the enterprise are mainly referred to in stationary emission sources. After determining the availability of exploited stationary emission sources on the territory of the enterprise, it is necessary to find out whether these sources are subject to state accounting and rationing. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 2010 No. 579 approved the procedure for establishing sources of emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into atmospheric air, subject to state accounting and rationing (hereinafter - order) and a list of harmful (pollutants) substances subject to state accounting and rationing (hereinafter - the list ). TO sources of emissions subject to state accounting and rationingThese are sources of emissions, of which harmful (pollutants) substances payable and rationing are emitted into atmospheric air. In turn, harmful (pollutants) substances listed in the list, as well as not included in the list of harmful (pollutants) substances, corresponding to one of the criteria are subject to state accounting and rationing. an emission hazard indicator established in accordance with Appendix 1 to order is greater than or equal to 0.1; the surface concentrations of emissions exceed 5% of the hygienic (environmental) standards of the quality of atmospheric air. So, if in emissions from stationary sources of the enterprise there are substances indicated in the list or corresponding to one of the above criteria, i.e. Public accounting and normalization, then in this case the development of the PDV project is necessary, the approval of PDV standards (HB) and receiving emission permits. Within the framework of this article, the issue of developing the project PDV will not be considered. No less interesting is the question of the actions of the enterprise after the development of this project. After the PDA project is designed, it must be coordinated, to establish the standards of PDV (VV), to obtain permission for emissions. The company must have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat time frames may be harmonized and on the basis of which the enterprise may refuse. To date, regulatory legal acts the procedure for establishing PDV standards is not regulated.. Thus, the deadline for approval and grounds for refusal to approve the PDV project is also not established. In accordance with paragraph 6 of the provisions on the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on it approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.03.2000 No. 183 (as amended by 04.09.2012), maximum allowable emissions for a specific Stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and a legal entity as a whole or its individual production areas, taking into account all sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air of this legal entity or its individual production areas, background pollution of atmospheric air and technical standards Emissions are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor (with the exception of radioactive substances) in the presence of sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of these maximum permissible emissions by sanitary regulations. According to paragraph 6 of the order of the organization and conduct of sanitary and epidemiological examinations, surveys, research, testing and toxicological, hygienic and other types of assessments, approved by the Order of Rospotrebnadzor from 19.07.2007 No. 224 (as amended by August 12, 2010), the term of sanitary-epidemiological examinations According to a citizen, an individual entrepreneur, a legal entity determined depending on the type and volume of research on a specific type of product, activities, works, services and can not exceed two months. Further, on the basis of an expert opinion, the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor issues a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. The deadline for issuing sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is also not regulated. Consequently, according to the model regulation of the internal organization of federal executive bodies, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2005 No. 452 (as amended by 27.12.2012), the period of issuing a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is 30 days. The standards of PDV and HBC are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor (with the exception of radioactive substances) for a particular stationary source of emissions and their aggregate (organization as a whole). According to paragraph 8.13 of the Rules of the Federal Service for Supervision in the field of environmental management, approved by order of Rosprirodnadzor from 29.06.2007 No. 191 (as amended by October 15, 2009), the response to the applicant is sent by the head (Deputy Head) of the territorial authority of Rosprirodnadzor within 30 days from the date of registration Appeals to Rosprirodnadzor, if the commission has not yet established a different period. If necessary, the term of consideration of the appeal can be extended by the head of the territorial authority of the Rosprirodnadzor, but not more than 30 days, with simultaneous informing the applicant and indicating the reasons for the extension. Thus, by general Regulations appeals on issues related to the activities of Rosprirodnadzor, the term of approval of the standards of PDV - 30 days (It can be extended by the head of the Rosprirodnadzor for 30 days). On a note.The PDV project is developed in accordance with the methodology for calculating the concentrations in the atmospheric air of harmful substances contained in emissions of enterprises (OND-86) (approved. USSR State Committee 04.08.1986 No. 192), GOST 17.2.3.02-78 "Nature Protection. Atmosphere. The rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises, "recommendations for the design and content of the draft standards for the maximum permissible emissions to the atmosphere (PDV) for the enterprise (approved. USSR State Committee 28.08.1987) and other regulatory and legal and methodological documents. Since the legislation did not establish grounds for refusing to approve the draft PDV, it means that the PDA project is fulfilled in accordance with the requirements of the documents listed above and received a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, the refusal to establish PDV is unlawful. After obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the draft PDV, the approval of the standards of PDV (HBC) company addresses the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor or the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to obtain emission permits. In accordance with the administrative regulations, the territorial authority of Rosprirodnadzor decides on issuing or refusing to issue emission permits within a period not exceeding 30 working days. The basis for refusal to issue emission permits is the presence of distorted information or inaccurate information as part of the applicant's materials. There are no other grounds for refusing permits for emissions. In conclusion, answer the question that nature users specify most often: "And what threatens us if we do not develop the project PDV and do not get permission for emissions?" In the absence of permits, emissions can be limited, suspended or terminated in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In addition, according to Art. 31 of the Federal Law No. 96-FZ of the person guilty of violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of atmospheric air protection, are criminal, administrative and other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. So, according to Art. 8.21 Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses emissions of harmful substances into atmospheric air or harmful physical impact on it without special permission entails overlay administrative fine: on citizens - from 2000 to 2500 rubles; on officials - from 4,000 to 5,000 rubles; on persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without the formation of a legal entity - from 4,000 to 5,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days; on legal entities - from 40,000 to 50,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days. 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