Classification of oils for air-cooled engines. Oils for four-stroke engines of light equipment. First: what kind of gasoline should be used

The need for the production of oils for air-cooled engines is caused by the appearance on the domestic market in last years a large number of vehicles driven by a similar class of engines. The operating conditions of air-cooled engines differ from water-cooled engines primarily in the higher temperature regime of the cylinder-piston group.

In addition, when the engine is paired with an electric generator lubricating oil it is necessary to ensure quick and easy engine start and instant delivery through the lubrication system to all rubbing parts. These and other circumstances impose specific requirements on the quality of oils for air-cooled engines.

• 4TD series oils are specially designed for use in 4-stroke gasoline and diesel engines air cooling of small equipment. They are prepared on the basis of highly refined mineral and synthetic polyalphaolefin oils, special additive packages that provide protection against the formation of deposits on the piston and in the crankcase, ring coking, and reduce energy consumption. Oils have high thermal and oxidative stability. To improve lubricity, oils contain extreme pressure additives, which protect engine parts from wear under extreme loads and high temperatures Oh
• 4TD Standard SAE 30 - mineral oil provides long-term and stable work engines over the entire load range. Recommended for use in summer, as well as in climatic zones with an ambient temperature in the range from -10 ° C to +40 ° C
• 4TD Premium SAE 10W-30 - semi-synthetic multigrade oil has excellent resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, ensures the strength of the oil film between rubbing parts during frequent starts and stops of the engine. Recommended as an all-weather universal oil for climatic zones with an ambient temperature in the range from -25 °C to +40 °C
• 4TD Ultra SAE 5W-30 - synthetic oil prepared on the basis of special frost-resistant oils. Provides easy start-up and quick warm-up of the engine. Recommended as an all-weather universal oil for climatic zones with an ambient temperature in the range from -38 °С to +50 °С

Distinctive features and benefits

• High-quality mineral and synthetic base, an effective additive package provide wear protection and prevent deposits on moving parts of engines under various operating conditions
• Anti-jamming and extreme pressure properties during overloads
• Reduced energy consumption
• Reliable start of engines at low temperatures

Application

Recommended for use in lubrication systems of four stroke engines air-cooled petrol and diesel engines, including moderately supercharged ones: garden tractors, lawn mowers, other garden equipment, snow plows, snowmobiles, small engines refrigerators and air conditioners, electric generators, motorcycles, outboard motors and etc.

Power units of varying degrees of complexity, power and size are now everywhere. Any technique, no matter how big truck, jet ski or garden cultivator, are powered by an engine. Most often it is an internal combustion engine running on gasoline or diesel fuel.

All engines can be divided into 2 groups according to the principle of operation: two-stroke and four-stroke. They differ not only in the cycle of operation, but also in the methods of cooling and protection. The 2T engine is lubricated with oil, which enters directly into the unit, into the combustion chamber. In 4t, on the contrary, no lubricant is allowed to enter the cylinder. This is where the differences in oils come from.

Features of 4T and 2T oils

The lubricant for a four-stroke engine must retain its lubricating properties for as long as possible and form a stable oil film on the surface of metal parts. In a two-stroke engine, as already mentioned, the oil "works" right in the combustion chamber. Therefore, it must be produced without residue along with the fuel, leaving no deposits, sediment, soot, etc. 4T oil usually contains a large amount of additives that improve the performance of the liquid, and it is they who, when they enter the cylinder of the unit, will form carbon deposits and increase exhaust toxicity.

For this reason, fluids marked 2T and 4t should never be mixed or misused. They are not interchangeable, the use of inappropriate lubricant for an engine with one or another duty cycle can cause serious damage and even failure. Your equipment will require expensive repairs, which can be avoided if you follow the manufacturer's instructions and select oil in accordance with the tolerances and instructions.

What does the 4T oil marking mean?

All engines equipped modern cars, - four-stroke. However, they have separate product lines from lubricant manufacturers. But 4t oils, in turn, are intended for light vehicles:

• garden cultivators,
• lawn mowers,
• quad bikes,
• motorcycles and jet skis,
• snowmobiles.

As a rule, in these machines, internal combustion engines have an air or air-oil cooling system, and therefore engine oil familiar to motorists is not suitable for them. In addition, the operating conditions of power units are very different: load level, operating speed, temperature Range, finally, the ratio of periods of downtime and activity of equipment. In this regard, manufacturers have developed special oils 4t, which take into account all the features and most accurately meet the requirements of modern small-sized special equipment and vehicles.

The tasks of lubricants for four-stroke engines

• The oil cools and protects the motor at the same time;
• It forms a stable, durable film that protects cylinders and pistons from scuffing due to the content of special additives;
• The lubricant must retain its performance characteristics throughout the entire period of use;
• The material must exclude oil starvation immediately after the unit is started. To do this, it is necessary to purchase a product with a low kinematic viscosity;
• 4t oil must not coke. This is especially important for engines with air system cooling, since in such units the lubricating fluid can be heated up to 300 ° C, and if it has a poor composition, soot or coke may appear;
• Lubrication cleans the internal combustion engine parts. Special additives help to remove varnish deposits, dissolve sediment, remove carbon deposits, which have a very negative effect on engine performance (reduces mobility piston rings, reduces pressure and increases oil consumption).

A high-quality liquid with a correctly selected composition will cope well with all the tasks. If you are going to buy 4t oil for replacement or topping up, be sure to check the acceptable markings for your equipment, fluid compatibility and pay attention to the properties of a particular product. In case of difficulty, it is better to contact specialists.

The composition of oils for four-stroke engines

Like any lubricants, these products can be produced on a mineral, semi-synthetic or synthetic basis. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Mineral oil reduces the formation of soot and sediment, does not form harmful emissions and does not pollute the environment, reduces wear on engine parts, but it has a relatively small temperature range of use.
• Semi-synthetic and synthetic contain additives - special additives that increase the efficiency of the liquid. They make the engine more stable, as the oil retains its working properties when temperatures change. And it is also characterized by increased fluidity, low volatility, low waste consumption.

Viscosity and other characteristics of oil for 4T engines

Many people think that high-quality automotive engine oil is quite suitable for snowmobiles, motorcycles or power cultivators. This is not so: even the most expensive lubricants from famous brands can be harmful if not chosen correctly. The main difference, as we have already said, is that cars have fluid system protection against overheating, and motor vehicles usually have units that are air-cooled. The boiling point of automotive motor oils is generally lower than 4t labeled products. For use in ATVs, scooters, and other small vehicles, purchase materials with a specified quality grade of CD, SG, SF, SH, SJ, or higher. In this case, determine the viscosity of the oil according to the ambient temperature:

• Synthetic 5W 30. It can be considered all-weather, since it maintains performance in a wide temperature range: from -30 ° to + 40 ° C;
• 10W 30. Products with such indicators are suitable for variable temperatures: it works at temperatures from -18 to +38 degrees. It has been noted that when used in hot weather (above +27°C), oil consumption may increase.
• 5W 30. Temperature range - from +5 and below. The oil is suitable for winter.
• SAE30. Excellent performance at temperatures from +5°C and above. Thickens in cold weather and can cause difficult starting.

Keep in mind, if you operate equipment in the heat, in the summer, then you need to check the oil level in the engine more often. The amount of fluid that must be filled in for the successful operation of the machine or unit is usually determined by the manufacturer. This number can vary from 0.6 to 1.1 liters and depends on the power of the internal combustion engine. The level is checked either with a dipstick or by measurements on the neck in a horizontal position (as shown in the figure).

Features of choosing 4t oil for motorcycles and scooters

• High viscosity products should be purchased, as low viscosity materials (for example, for automobile motors) cause clutch slip. This worsens the dynamics of the motorcycle during acceleration;
• The developed 4t oils for scooters and motor vehicles take into account that during acceleration, all the liquid in the engine flows to the rear wall. Because of this, in the presence of foam, it can enter the oil receiver, which will cause a sharp drop in pressure and breakdown of equipment;
• Motorcycle lubricants are designed specifically for high loads with high speeds and high operating temperatures;
• Oils for 4 tons of motorcycles are marked with special markings: MA, MA-1, MA-2 and MV.

Features of the selection of lubricants for snowmobiles

The main risk factor here is sub-zero temperatures, at which this plant is constantly operated. winter equipment. Therefore, you need to choose a liquid with an appropriate degree of viscosity. For four-stroke engines, products according to SAE classification J300. The marks on the CCS and MRV label indicate cold cranking and pumpability properties, which are also important.

What to look for when choosing oil for water equipment

Here key role plays the degree of load and high humidity, in which the engine operates. Let's give for comparison: in cars, the normal operating range of the motor is from 2000 to 4000 rpm. In some cases, this figure can reach 5-6 thousand revolutions, but very rarely, but for outboard engines this will be the standard mode, since they deal with a denser medium. Special Features lubricants for water transport will include the addition of special additives to prevent oil from mixing with water, provide protection against moisture and salt, and better remove fuel combustion products.

How to choose a fluid for a 4t engine of garden equipment

Lawn mowers, motor blocks, motor cultivators are usually equipped with four-stroke internal combustion engines without an oil pump. Lubrication and protection power unit carried out by scooping fluid from the crankcase. It should also be borne in mind that these machines are usually used seasonally, with long breaks, so the oil must be supplemented with a high-quality additive package. This will give it good anti-wear, extreme pressure and anti-friction properties.

Most often, for 4t motoblock motors, cultivators, it is recommended to purchase SAE30 class lubricants on a mineral or synthetic basis. Multigrade oil is also suitable. good liquid It will reliably protect the parts of the mechanism from wear, abrasion and corrosion, and this will greatly extend the service life of the equipment.

What oil should be used for four-stroke engines? The oil used in these units has a number of significant differences from the lubricating fluid that is used on their two-stroke counterparts. The oil in a two-stroke engine lubricates its parts, having previously dissolved in gasoline, and during operation it burns out with it. This is the main difference between two-stroke engines and their four-stroke counterparts.

Under no circumstances should four-stroke engine oil be used in two-stroke engines.

General information

In four-stroke engine units, everything is done exactly the opposite. Oil does not enter the combustion chamber during the operation process. It must retain and provide lubricating properties for as long as possible. For this reason, the content of various special agents and additives in these oils is an order of magnitude higher. On average, this indicator differs by 1/3 from two-stroke counterparts.

In the absence of any special requirements for oils for four-stroke engines, ash content is not taken into account in the selection of suitable additives. It can reach 2%, which in fact, under special conditions, is quite a lot.

Among other things, the oil for these motors is characterized by high smoke after processing. Like lubricant for two-stroke engines, it is used on a wide variety of types of technical equipment - on surface vehicles, on devices for garden care, for motor vehicles, etc.

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To understand how four-stroke engine oil works, it is necessary to understand how the process of oil absorption and processing takes place in stages. One of the main differences is that the four-stroke device has oil sump which constantly supports required level lubricating fluid.

From the crankcase, oil passes into the lubrication system with the help of a support pump and enters the cylinder walls. All this ends with the fact that the friction of the piston against the wall occurs in the form of sliding on an oily film, and not dry.

To prevent oil flows from entering the fuel combustion chamber, the system diverts the liquid back to the oil bath, where there are special oil rings. In some cases, when the engine power does not exceed a total of 5 liters. with., there is no pump for receiving lubricant. Distribution oily liquid in such devices, it is carried out by using oil mist, which is formed by the operation of a rotating crankshaft.

The loads in such small motors are much less, so the supply of lubricant occurs regularly in the required amount, which has a positive effect on the duration of the motor. Replacement of the oily element is required only 1 time during the entire calendar year. But at the same time it is necessary to constantly monitor the oil level. Modern units, as a rule, are equipped with special sensors. Therefore, in order to find out the oil level, it is not necessary to manually manipulate the engine device.

It is worth noting a significant difference in the operation of a two-stroke motor. In two-stroke units, it is simply necessary to prepare a mixture of oil and gasoline in a proportional ratio of 1:50. It is not necessary to shake the container after mixing with gasoline. A two-stroke engine is able to run dry for a long time, but with a decrease in performance. In especially powerful two-stroke engines, there is a tank for car oil. A mixture of lubricant, air and gasoline burns in the cylinder.

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Oil properties

The oil system of a four-stroke engine has special properties that are due to the different design and operation of 2 types of motors. First of all, as mentioned above, oils do not enter the combustion chamber. This is the main difference. Accordingly, lubrication in a four-stroke engine provides a lubricating effect on engine parts for longer.

Previously, simple distillation of oil was used as a way to create oils. Today, with the increase in speed and individual parameters, new special additives were needed. They improve the performance of the lubricant. Today there are several types of lubricants with additives, among which the main ones are:

• additives with detergent effect;
• extreme pressure;
• with antioxidant effect;
• anti-foam.

For four-stroke motors, it is better to use synthetic materials, because. they are highly fluid.

The amount of additives that are present in these four-stroke engine oils can be up to 30% of the total amount of oily fluid. The difference in the composition of the lubricating fluid imposes a limitation on operation. Under no circumstances should four-stroke engine oil be used in two-stroke engines.

In the case of using a lubricant intended for four-stroke units on two-stroke ones, the ash formed during the burnout subsequently settles on the walls of the combustion chamber and pistons. The remains of the burnt products form an abrasive powder, which in turn settles in the cylinders. The abrasive simply saws the structures, as a result of which their service life is greatly reduced.

Returning to oils for four-stroke engines, it is worth highlighting that 3 varieties of oil can be suitable for such engines: mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic. The product is both domestic and foreign. Domestic goods today are somewhat inferior in quality to foreign ones, since the quality of antifriction additives leaves much to be desired. With all this, the consumer must start from the 2 most important criteria - this is quality and viscosity.

Air-cooled four-stroke engines require lubricants. Moreover, such that the quality meets the requirements, which we will talk about.

Owners of equipment prefer to use Sae-marked oil, which must be poured into the engine at an air temperature of at least 5 ° C. It includes a multifunctional additive package with anti-wear and anti-corrosion characteristics.

This liquid well protects the rubbing parts of the engine from wear and overheating, ensures its cleanliness and increases the service life. Sae lubricants are manufactured with different type fundamentals, which affects their market value.

So, the price of synthetics for a liter container varies from 240 to 290 rubles, mineral - from 350 to 510 rubles.

Scout-5l oil also has exceptional lubricating properties, which has gained a high reputation among domestic owners of walk-behind tractors and can be called a full-fledged analogue of Sae 30. It is comparable to it in quality, but more affordable, which makes this product even more in demand. Such oil in a 5-liter container costs 1390 rubles, which in terms of 1 liter is only 278 rubles.

What is the difference between 2-stroke oil and 4-stroke oil?

Some types of engine oil are designed for four-stroke power units, while others are for two-stroke ones. They are not interchangeable and should be poured according to the intended use, because lubricants for motors with different duty cycles have different requirements. So, oil for four-stroke engines, where forced system lubrication, designed for long-term exposure and is designed to provide a more stable coating of parts. In 2-stroke engines, the oil enters along with the fuel and should instantly dissolve in it, burning smokeless with a minimum of deposits in the form of soot and ash. Therefore, a characteristic feature of 2-stroke oils is their good cleaning and the minimum content of aggressive additives. They, unlike 4-stroke fluid, do not contain ash, anti-seize and anti-wear additives, which allows them to almost completely burn out along with the fuel without the formation of carbon deposits and exhaust toxicity.

A feature of oils for four-stroke engines is the content of many organometallic additives, which are aimed at improving their physical and mechanical properties and increasing their efficiency. And if you pour such a mixture into an engine with a two-stroke duty cycle, this will lead to the formation of ash deposits on the surface of the piston and the walls of the combustion chamber. The increased accumulation of deposits, in turn, can provoke the appearance of various troubles, which can only be eliminated by doing a complex and expensive repair of the walk-behind tractor motor. A lot of harm is also caused by soot, which clogs air filter and settles in the grooves of the piston rings if the wrong oil product is used. The accumulation of soot is fraught with loss of mobility of the rings, and this is a direct way to reduce the power of the walk-behind tractor engine, worsen its operation and even completely fail.

Classification of motor oils

Most important parameters engine oil are the viscosity grade and temperature range in which it can be used. In the marking, the number before the letter "W" indicates the temperature at which the liquid thickens. The number after the letter indicates the maximum temperature at which it ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine. These indicators must correspond to those indicated in the operating instructions for the garden walk-behind tractor. It should also be borne in mind that high-viscosity lubricants, such as Sae 30, Sae 40, are intended for the use of equipment in the summer, and low-viscosity lubricants, for example, 5W30, are for its winter operation. A low-viscosity oil product at high temperatures will quickly evaporate and will not be able to provide full lubrication of the mechanisms. Too thick liquid will become an obstacle in starting the engine at low air temperatures.

The chemical composition of the lubricant base is also important, as it affects the properties of the product and determines its effect.

Mineral engine oil:

• provides a decrease in friction force;
• reduces the formation of sediment and soot;
• reduces wear of working parts;
• does not form harmful emissions and does not pollute the air.

Synthetics contain additives that prevent carbon formation and protect the power unit from wear. Semi-synthetics are produced by mixing mineral and synthetic bases with the use of special additives.

Advantages of synthetic and semi-synthetic motor fluid:

• increased fluidity;
• low evaporation;
• low waste consumption.

For 4-stroke engines of walk-behind tractors, cultivators and other garden equipment, oil products labeled Sae-30, which have a high viscosity and are intended for summer use, are excellent. They can be produced on a mineral or synthetic basis and contain various additives. A liquid with this marking reliably protects rubbing surfaces from corrosion and rapid wear, and prolongs the life of the engine.

An analogue of the summer Sae-30 can be any all-weather oil, in the designation of which the second digit is "30". For example, a fluid labeled "5W-30" has similar characteristics when used in the summer, but it can also be poured into winter time when the air temperature is not lower than -35 ° C. Grease "10W-30" also has properties similar to Cae 30 when used in the warm season, but its operating range is limited to a temperature of -25 ° C.

Below are the most popular brands of summer oils marked Sae 30, as well as those intended for all-weather use.

CARVER Sae30

Summer mineral lubricant (produced in Russia), containing various additives with dispersant, antioxidant, anti-corrosion properties. It forms a strong oil film, which remains on the surface of parts for a long time. Provides reliable protection engine from wear and increases its resistance to high mechanical loads.

Motul Garden 4T Sae30

Mineral lubricant with antiwear, detergent-dispersant properties. Possesses good resistance to action of temperatures, does not foam. It is used in four-stroke petrol engines and diesel engines. Compatible with unleaded and leaded gasoline, diesel fuel.

Husqvarna Sae30

This oil product, produced by a Swedish company, contains additives, thanks to which it has an anti-scale, anti-wear, anti-corrosion effect. Provides stable lubrication of parts, helping to increase engine life. It works effectively in the positive temperature range of 5-30 ° C.

Patriot Supreme HD Sae30

High-quality American-made engine oil with a mineral base for summer use. Contains anti-wear, anti-corrosion additives and provides maximum engine protection under difficult conditions operation. Designed for lubrication of walk-behind tractors, mini tractors, lawn mowers and other agricultural machinery.

Premium Zubr 10W-30

All-weather semi-synthetic fluid of the Russian brand, designed for lubrication of four-stroke gasoline engines and diesel engines. Possesses the increased resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, has viscosity conforming to the Sae 10W-30 standard. It can be effectively used in the temperature range -25 o C - +50 o C.

Premium Inforce 11-04-03

All-weather oil (produced in Russia) on a semi-synthetic basis with a multifunctional additive package that provides anti-corrosion, extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. Interferes with formation of a deposit, reduces noise of operation of the engine, effectively protects its moving details from wear. It can be used at temperatures from -20 o C to +30 o C.

G-MOTION 4T 10W-30

Lubricating fluid for all-weather use, made in Germany, is intended for 4-stroke engines of walk-behind tractors, cultivators, snow blowers, mini tractors and other small-sized equipment. It has thermal and oxidative stability, well lubricates friction parts, reduces technical wear, and prevents the formation of corrosion and harmful deposits. Ensures efficient operation power plant under any operating conditions.

Oil Scout-5l

Scout-5l semi-synthetic oil is one of the most popular lubricants used for walk-behind tractors, mini tractors and other small-scale mechanization. It is produced on the basis of mineral, synthetic petroleum products and is detergent, that is, it contains detergent and dispersant additives, therefore it fully complies with technical requirements. This type of lubricant is all-weather and can be used in a wide temperature range - from -25 ° C to +40 ° C without reducing its properties.

Choosing the best oil for walk-behind tractor and cultivator

If you have a cultivator with a Chinese, American engine or a walk-behind tractor with a Honda engine, you need to remember that the duration of the operation of the motor unit is affected not only by the timeliness of troubleshooting, but also by the quality of the oil used, as well as the regularity of its replacement. Incorrectly selected mixture or improperly performed lubrication of parts in friction zones leads to increased carbon formation, increased fuel consumption and rapid engine breakdown.

Lubricants for 4-stroke motorcycle engines are available in a fairly wide range - from budget to more expensive. To choose the right product, you need to navigate the labeling and parameters that indicate its main criteria. So, the marking "S" classifies the group lubricants provided for gasoline engines, and the letter "C" - for diesel.

A series of automotive lubricants. To the question: “Is it possible to fill automobile oil in a walk-behind tractor?” experts answer - "Yes, only when using different types of liquid, different consumption rates and the degree of soot formed can be observed." But pour into the motoblock engine transmission fluid they do not recommend, explaining that given type substance is not intended for operation in the range of high speeds and high temperatures. If the transmission is poured into the engine, it will begin to burn intensively, precipitate, clog the channels and the air filter, which can lead to serious damage.

How much should be poured?

Cultivators, mini tractors and walk-behind tractors supplied to Russian market, mainly equipped with Subaru, Briggs & Stratton, Honda or their power plants Chinese counterparts. They may be different power and hold different amounts of lubricant. How to find out how much lubricant to pour from a canister so that a 4-stroke engine runs optimally and its parts do not wear out due to a lack of lubrication?

Lubricant consumption rates can be found in the instruction manual or technical documentation attached to motorcycles.

The table below shows individual lubricant consumption rates for the most popular engine models.

You can simply fill in motor lubricant by determining its amount by the dipstick on the plug. The minimum level is practically limited by the length of the probe itself, and the maximum level reaches the thread of the drain hole. You can also navigate by looking into the opening of the crankcase.

As a rule, about 0.6 liters of liquid are placed in a walk-behind tractor with a 6-8-horsepower engine, and a little more than 1 liter in more powerful units. It is not without reason that the most popular packaging among manufacturers is a volume of 0.6 liters. It is this rate of oil that is enough to fill up to the full level of medium-power motor vehicles, which are most in demand among owners of garden and summer cottages.

Prices

High-quality four-stroke oils for walk-behind tractors are produced by companies from different countries, including Russia, France, Germany, Sweden, and the USA. A large price range and variety of products allows you to choose the most best option for any unit of small-sized agricultural machinery.

The table shows the average prices for the most popular grades of lubricants for 4-stroke internal combustion engines.

In order for the walk-behind tractor or cultivator to be durable and perform its functions with high quality, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for the operation of the engine: timely troubleshoot, lubricate rubbing surfaces. It is important that only suitable engine oil is used to lubricate parts in friction zones, which should be purchased based on technical requirements power plant and the actual conditions of its operation.

Where can I buy?

You can buy a lubricant of decent quality and at a bargain price in the Gardenshop store. For owners of motor cultivators, motor blocks and mini tractors, the store offers the best analogue of Sae 30 - high quality oil"Scout-5l". It has good lubricity and high energy efficiency, prevents the formation of harmful deposits and is resistant to elevated temperatures.

You can buy original motor lubricant in Gardenshop at the lowest price in the region - for only 278 rubles. per liter! Who trusts the recommendations of professionals, he buys 4x stroke oil"Scout-5L"!

In two-stroke power units, the lubricant dissolves in the fuel, and then burns out simultaneously with it. Oil for four-stroke engines differs significantly from analogues used in two-stroke engines. It is of higher quality and retains the effect of its useful properties over a long period.

It contains a large number of special additives (at least 25%). Unlike other brands, this oil does not have increased requirements for the level of ash and smoke. Their level reaches elevated rates (ash content - more than 2%).

Features of the lubrication system of a two- and four-stroke motor

Many consumers wonder what is the difference between 4-stroke and two-stroke engines. A predetermined amount of lubricant is constantly maintained in the crankcase of a four-stroke power unit. From there, it is fed into the lubrication system under the influence of the oil pump.

As a result, an oil film forms on the pistons. In this case, there is no friction when it slides along the walls of the cylinders. To prevent penetration, oily liquid in the combustion chamber, oil scraper rings are installed, cutting off lubricant leaks, directing them back to the crankcase.

The lubrication system of two-stroke engines is based on mixing fuel with engine lubricant in a ratio of 50/1. Modern automotive oils have unique property self mixing. With a lack of substance for the full lubrication of the working surfaces of the cylinders, the power unit operates “dryly”. At the same time, the overall life of the engine is sharply reduced.

More powerful two-stroke motors over 40 hp. with. equipped with a special container for automotive oil. It automatically doses and mixes the mixture in the correct proportions.

The disadvantage of 2-stroke lubrication systems is the reduction in combustion efficiency due to the content of oil particles in gasoline. Opening the intake and exhaust valves also negatively affects the performance of the power unit. In this case, a large release of unburned mixtures into the environment occurs.

Differences between 2 and 4-stroke oils

Due to the presence of structural differences in the lubrication systems of these engines, the requirements for lubricants differ significantly:

1. For two stroke engines necessary condition is the ability of the most complete combustion of oil. In this case, a minimum amount of soot (soot and ash) is formed.
2. In four-stroke engines, the main requirement for engine oil is to provide long-term lubricating effects by maintaining the beneficial properties of the material used.

Previously, in the manufacture of lubricants, the method of simple oil distillation was used. The resulting product was suitable for lubricating parts and assemblies, engines of any kind. Them specifications met the requirements of motors with low power, low friction and low wear at the interface of parts.

With the growth of performance indicators and engine speeds, it became necessary to create motor oils with new capabilities. Additives have been added to lubricating fluids that significantly improve technical specifications lubricant products:

• reducing wear;
• antioxidant;
• antifoam;
• extreme pressure;
• washing.

Modern motor oil for 4-stroke engines contains additives in an amount of 25% of the total volume. For such liquids, there are no increased requirements for the level of ash and soot.

What is harmful refueling a 2-stroke engine with 4-stroke oil

Motor oil for four-stroke engines, it is not recommended to use for two-stroke power units. When the mixture is burned, ash is formed, which forms a deposit in the combustion chambers and pistons.

In combination with lubrication, combustion residues are converted into abrasive powder. Sharp abrasives cause irreparable damage to the mirror surfaces of the cylinders, significantly reducing their service life.

Soot is very harmful to the operation of piston rings. It clogs into the grooves, as a result, the rings lose their mobility, the engine power drops sharply. Soot deposits also accumulate in the exhaust system, narrowing the clearance in the pipe, which makes it difficult for exhaust gases to escape and additional power losses.

Carbon ash and soot deposits on pistons and cylinders cause detonation. The operational resource of the power unit is sharply reduced. Coking of electrodes and spark plugs leads to their short circuit and engine blocking.

Varieties of four-stroke motor oils

The most popular among users is a four-stroke engine oil that meets the specifications of JASOMA-2, APISN. Domestic oils, issued in accordance with GOST 17479.1-85, adapted to the requirements of the SAE system.

Like all lubricants, 4-stroke engine oil has the following varieties:

1. Synthetic motor oil. It does not form deposits, has many positive characteristics. It is used for extreme travel.
2. Semi-synthetic and mineral high-quality lubricants are wear-resistant, smoke-free during combustion, and keep the engine clean. Recommended for daily use.
3. Special semi-synthetics. These types of lubricants are used when operating on low-grade fuels. Thanks to the incoming additives, this oil is characterized by excellent detergent properties, low waste consumption, and preservation of useful qualities over a long period.

The right choice of 4-stroke engine oil

For ordinary consumers, the most determining factors in choosing the right brand are viscosity motor lubricant and its quality.

In terms of viscosity, the lubricant product is selected based on the CAE tables according to three criteria:

• grease used in engines in summer, SAE 20, 30, 40;
• winter materials from SAE 0W to SAE 25W;
• multigrade automotive oils.

In addition to the basic base, all seasons contain special additives. They dilute the lubricant to speed up the start of the engine in the winter cold. At the same time, with their help, all working elements of the engine are reliably protected from harmful oxidative processes and high friction forces.

Designation of all-weather motor oils according to SAE: 10W30, 14W40, etc. The numerical designation in front indicates the lowest air temperature at which this oil will not begin to thicken. The last digits are the maximum allowable ambient temperature for normal, uninterrupted operation of the motor in the summer heat.

Quality oil selection according to API specification

The quality level of engine oil according to this system is indicated by two Latin letters. The first one indicates that the product belongs to the group of materials intended for gasoline or diesel engines- S and C respectively. The second letter is directly the quality level of the product. Oils of the brand SL, SJ, SH are very popular. While the classes SM, SE, SF, SG are used extremely rarely.

When releasing motorcycles, manufacturers indicate the types of motor oils recommended for use in a particular vehicle. This information is placed on branded stickers and on engine filler plugs.

The use of a lubricant of a higher class is impractical. However, if the operating conditions are more difficult, it is recommended to use engine oil with a higher viscosity index.

Lubricant for air-cooled engines

For motors equipped with an air-oil cooling system, this is especially true, since the temperature in a running engine exceeds 100 ° C.

AT vehicles with worn out four-stroke motors, it is also recommended to use more viscous lubricants to reduce losses.

What oil to use in older 4 stroke engines

For older models, all lubricants of modern brands are suitable. The main thing to remember is that synthetics are characterized by greater fluidity compared to mineral counterparts.

The distribution network also has a large assortment of both mineral and semi-synthetic motor oils.