Automotive gearbox - a transmission element taking torque from the crankshaft and transmitting it to inter-seed differential. Depending on the type of transmission distinguish between gearboxes integrated into gearboxes front Bridge (on the front-wheelwater models) and the rear axle (on the rear-wheel drive). W. all-wheel drive modelsAccordingly, both gearboxes are given. The transmission of torque through the gearbox is carried out by means of gear rotating with a certain frequency. To prevent their abrasion as a result of friction in the gearbox, transmission oil is used.

When to change

There is no unambiguous period to replace oil in the gearbox. It is accepted to fill a new oil into the node at the same time when other elements of the transmission are served and the rest are changing. transmission fluids. A standard period for servicing the transmission is a mark of 45 thousand km of run, then every 60 thousand run, or every 2 years of operation of the car.

With intensive operation, the period to replace oil in the gearbox is reduced to 30-35 thousand km of mileage. These conditions include:

• transportation of heavy loads, towing trailers or transport on the cable;
• frequent riding in urban mode (Start - Stop);
• operation in adverse conditions (off-road, under the conditions of snow-covered roads, etc.).

In manuals on the use of some models, it is indicated that the first replacement of oil in the gearbox must be made after 1-2 thousand km of mileage. The fact is that at this stage the vests of the car are tired, for which the increased friction and the formation of wear products are characteristic.

How to check the level and quality of oil

During the operation of the car, the oil in the gearbox loses its viscosity, and in the future oxidative processes occur as a result of heated air from the insufficient tightness of the system. As a result, oil decomposes and ceases to perform lubricating functions, there is an intensive wear of gear gears and overheating gear.

Checking the quality and oil level is made on the overpass or observation pit - it is important that the surface on which the car costs is absolutely smooth. The check is made as it is called "on the cold" when all the oil is collected in the gearbox crankcase.

First of all, you need to unscrew the plug of the fuel hole using a hexagon. If after unscrewing some amount of oil will turn outward - its level in the crankcase is sufficient. If the oil is not poured from the filling opening, then it is possible to check its level by entering a finger, a stick, a wire, etc. Ideally, the oil level should be no lower than a few millimeters from the lower edge of the fuel hole. If the distance is more - the oil level is insufficient. You can check the quality of the lubricating fluid by pumping a small amount of oil with a syringe and appreciating it. appearance and consistency.

What oil to pour and how much

For the fill, the transmission oil recommended by the manufacturer in the manual is suitable. If the manual is not available, and the car owner is firmly sure which transmission oil will suit, then you need to focus on the API classification and viscosity indicators.

All manufacturers recommend using transmission oils with GL-4 or GL-5 numerations on modern cars - it is these liquids that contain the necessary non-promotional additives. As for viscosity, the selection depends here on climatic conditions of operation. For transmission oil, it is advisable to choose all-season options - it is unlikely that someone will change the oil in the gearbox for one season. Such products are indexed by double numbering, for example, 75W-90, where the first figure denotes viscosity at negative temperatures, the second - viscosity at summer exploitation. The smaller the first digit, the lower the temperature at which the transmission oil retains its viscosity. For example, an oil 70w can be used at limit temperatures in -55 ° C, 75W - in -40 ° C, 80w - in -26 ° C, etc.

As for the required volume, then for passenger cars One-axis drive usually grabs 1-2 liters of transmission. For cars S. fully drive And two cards may need 3 liters or more. Grup-passenger cars, the required volume of transmission oil can reach 10-15 liters. Before the fill, it is desirable to stock up additional volume (up to 1 liter), since additionally it may be necessary to flush the gearbox.

Oil Replacement Instructions

It is advisable to replace the oil after a small trip - it will allow oil to warm up and become less viscous. For the operation, again, it is advisable to use the lift or observation pit - So it will be easier for access to the reducer.

1. First of all, you need to merge old transmission oil. To do this, unscrew the plug hole with a hexagon. Exhaust oil must be merged into a pre-prepared capacity.
2. When plums should pay attention to the consistency and the appearance of the waste fluid - if impurities are observed in the form of metal enclosures, then before filling the new transmission will have to wash the gearbox.
3. Then it is necessary to remove the cork with a camp with a crankcase reducer with a hexagon.
4. To download the new oil into the gearbox, you can use a large medical syringe or lever pump (Tavernitsa).
5. Reducer must be filling with oil until it is cleaned through the edge. When using the TaVo. This will require 10-15 minutes, when using a syringe - a little longer.
6. After filling, it is necessary to erase the remains of the oil from the gearbox and put the plug of the fuel neck on the sealant.

Flushing gear

For flushing the gearbox, special flushing fluids are used (Loctite 7840, DS "Lavado", etc.). Alternatively, you can apply a mixture of transmission oil (70%) and kerosene or diesel fuel (30 %).

This mixture should be pouring into a gearbox crankcase with a tvaotnica or a syringe. Then it is necessary to hang the wheels of the leading bridge using the backups, start the engine and turn on the first transmission by imitating the trip. In this mode, you need to make a bracket for 10-15 minutes, giving a flushing mixture to clean the gearbox. After that, the mixture should be merged in the same way as the spent transmission oil merged.

In the process of replacing the transmission oil in the gearbox, you can appreciate the state of other parts and consumables, for example, bridge seals. It is the wear of the salts that the oil level is reduced in the gearbox. When leakage detects in the glands should be replaced with new ones.

Since the distribution contains rubbing elements, over time, wear inevitably appear in it. If it is timely not to replace the oil in a transfer box, its resource is reduced. Oil loses performance, and small particles increase the wear of the gear.

How often change

There are several different types of dispensing boxes, and depending on the type of mechanism, the frequency of replacement in them can differ significantly. Usually this information is contained in technical documentation To the car and varies in the range from 50 to 100 thousand mileage kilometers.

In addition, the terms of operation affect the term. Distribution of a car that rides roads common useIt is experiencing much smaller loads than installed on the car constantly moving off-road.

How to choose

Two types of liquid poured into the distribution: transmission oil or ATF liquid. On cars with automatic transmission in disposal box Usually poured ATF, with transmission transmission. At the same time, often fluids should coincide, or be completely compatible.

It is determined by the fact that usually the connection of the disassemble and the box is made by a single shaft, or one is attached to the case of another. When mixing liquids, this will avoid the formation of emulsion, foaming and other side effects.

For most modern cars having a distribution, the manufacturer recommends using transmission oils of class GL-5. They protect the hypoid transmissions well, designed to work in the most loaded mechanisms and contain contamaged additives.

Not the last role is played by the viscous characteristics of oils. We will analyze the value of numbers on the example of oil 80W90:

• 80 - viscosity at low temperatures
• W - All-season
• 90 - Viscosity at high temperatures

If ATF is used, it is better to pour the original liquid recommended by the manufacturer or an analog that has appropriate tolerances.

What and how much to fill

The given table will allow you to choose oil on the car brand and find out how much it is required.

Check Level

Most cars, to check the oil level in the distribution, viewing windows are not provided. Level control and replacement is carried out through the bay hole.

To check, you need to install the car on a flat surface and unscrew the bolt bolt or the control, if any. Usually they are completed under four or hexagon, or under the wrench.


Normal is the level of just below the filling / control opening.

The need for replacement is determined by the fence of a small amount of oil. It is possible to do this with a syringe, with a flexible tube dressed. Black, muddy, with the traces of production to be replaced.

How to change

The replacement procedure itself is simple, but it is often complicated by the fact that access to the filling opening is difficult. Also required lift, observation pit or overpass.

Some motorists independently make a drain hole in the distribution in order to make it easier to make the procedure for a complete replacement of oil. For this B. lower point The hole is drilled under the plug and thread rolls.

You will need:

1. Special pumping syringe technical fluids (cost 500-800 rubles). You can use medical, but because of its small volume, the replacement process will significantly delay. What is more expensive - time or money, you decide.
2. Oil for dispensing (transmission / ATF) recommended by the manufacturer or having the appropriate specification.
3. Gasket sealant, degreasing fluid.

So that the dirt does not get inside the dispersion, you should clean the surface before unscrew the plugs.

There is a drain hole

If your car is equipped drain plug, It is necessary to unscrew the bolt and wait for a complete leakage of oil. Magnet on the plug should be cleaned of wear products. Decrease the drain hole and cork, apply the sealant layer and screw the plug into place.

With the help of a syringe, fill with oil distribution until it is cleaned through the edge of the filling hole, then wrap the cork on the sealant.

No drain

In this case, all operations are made through the bay hole. The tube of the syringe and the oil is injected in the maximum possible amount. The fill procedure of the new oil is no different from the above.

The task of the gearbox in the car - transmit and distribute From the engine to the wheels. This function is implemented by the interaction of rotating gear shafts, differing by the amount of teeth. Depending on the ratio of the number of teeth in the gears, the gearbox can both lower and increase the torque, depending on the design features of the car.

Obviously, the constant interaction of metal elements in the absence of lubricant would be extremely short. Therefore, a significant role in the work of the gearbox is played transmission oil. It allows you to provide the optimal adjuncing of gears to each other, reduces metal abrasion and, as a result, increases the life of the gearbox.

Is executed, as a rule, simultaneously with the oil change in transmissions (And the oil itself coincides with the transmission), and its timely carrying out for the gearbox is no less important than for the gearbox. For most cars, it is best to perform oil replacement in a gearbox in the process of seasonal car maintenance (when moving with winter operation and vice versa).

When does the oil change in the gearbox?

It can be conditionally distinguished by three main reasons why it is important to replace the oil in the gearbox:

• in the process of intensive operation, thermal and oxygen exposure leads to the decomposition of hydrocarbons included in the transmission oil, which leads to metal corrosion;
• over time, the viscosity of the oil is reduced, its properties will deteriorate and, as a result, increased wear gear gear gear;
• in oil gradually products are accumulatedIt also worsens his lubricant ability and accelerates wear.

There are other situations in which oil replacement in the gearbox is recommended independently of the mileage.

As a rule, oil change when buying "From hand" of used carIf you have no reliable data on the previous oil replacement (for example, in the form of a record in service book). Otherwise, the risk of significant exceeding the recommended replacement interval is great if the previous owner misleads you.

In addition, oil change after serious repairs appropriate car units (and definitely after overhaul). Moreover, in this case, it takes a replacement of oil after the runningout period (after 2-3 thousand kilometers, as well as on a new car).

The frequency of oil replacement in the gearbox.

Determine periodicityWith which the oil change should be replaced in the gearbox, it will be the easiest, having studied the instruction manual. In the absence of such, you can focus on standard recommendations. As a rule, for cars with MCPP The recommended replacement interval is 50-60 thousand kilometers Run. For cars S. Automatic The mileage will be shorter than about twice and will be 25-30 thousand kilometers.

It should be borne in mind that the frequency of replacement depends on the operating conditions of the car. In the "complex" conditions, the replacement of oil in the gearbox must be carried out significantly more often.

To the conditions cutting oil replacement interval In the gearbox, you can attribute:

• regular carriage of large loads, towing trailers or other vehicles;
• driving along the ground country roads, ride with frequent slip, movement along loose snow;
• driving to short distances with frequent braking and stops (as a rule, this mode is characteristic of any metropolis).

When buying a new car, a manufacturer or dealer often notes the need for the first oil replacement already through 2-3 thousand kilometers Run. This little time is really justified. In the primary operation, there is an intensive trigger of all car units, this process is inevitably accompanied by a significant formation of wear products. For the subsequent long-limiting operation of the car, the oil must be replaced after the first pair of thousand kilometers running.

Independent oil change in gearbox

When replacing the oil in the gearbox own forcesYou must pay attention to several nuances.

On most cars, the oil change in the gearbox does not apply to labor-intensive procedures (in contrast to repair or replacing the gearbox itself), but optimally perform it on observation pit or overpass. This will allow you to install the car with the possibility of a subsequent bevel of the wheel for washing the gearbox.

Drain oil is carried out on a heated engine, so caution should be taken when working to avoid burnsSince the oil temperature is very high. At the same time, it is important to give oil a track completely, since the most severe suspension remains in a dense sediment flowing down the latter.

On most cars, the drain hole tube design contains a magnetic part that attracts the metal precipitate. Therefore, when changing the oil is important rinse and drain plug.

If, with an external assessment, the fusion oil looks strongly contaminated, it is advisable additionally rinse the system Special flushing fluid. Its density is significantly lower than ordinary oil, which makes it possible in the literal to wash off the remnants of the contaminants, which are located on the working surfaces of the gearbox.

After performing drain and cleaning, you can pour fresh butter into the gearbox.

As a rule, the oil change in the gearbox is performed on an oil similar to the previously used, recommended by the car manufacturer.

In some cases, the car owner who wants to change the brand of oil used can use the compatibility tables offered by oil manufacturers. But, of course, it is most effective in this case to seek advice from specialists.

Also, in maintenance, in addition to estimating the state of the oil directly, it makes sense to pay attention to the state salnikov Reducer, since through them the oil can flow from the gearbox.

Dates of shift reducer oils

from "gear and transmission oils"